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Borbély N, Székely O, Szeifert B, Gerber D, Máthé I, Benkő E, Mende BG, Egyed B, Pamjav H, Szécsényi-Nagy A. High Coverage Mitogenomes and Y-Chromosomal Typing Reveal Ancient Lineages in the Modern-Day Székely Population in Romania. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010133. [PMID: 36672874 PMCID: PMC9858685 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present 115 whole mitogenomes and 92 Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) profiles from a Hungarian ethnic group, the Székelys (in Romanian: Secuii, in German: Sekler), living in southeast Transylvania (Romania). The Székelys can be traced back to the 12th century in the region, and numerous scientific theories exist as to their origin. We carefully selected sample providers that had local ancestors inhabiting small villages in the area of Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely in Romania. The results of our research and the reported data signify a qualitative leap compared to previous studies since it presents the first complete mitochondrial DNA sequences and Y-chromosomal profiles of 23 STRs from the region. We evaluated the results with population genetic and phylogenetic methods in the context of the modern and ancient populations that are either geographically or historically related to the Székelys. Our results demonstrate a predominantly local uniparental make-up of the population that also indicates limited admixture with neighboring populations. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presumed eastern origin of certain maternal (A, C, D) and paternal (Q, R1a) lineages, and, in some cases, they could also be linked to ancient DNA data from the Migration Period (5th-9th centuries AD) and Hungarian Conquest Period (10th century AD) populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Borbély
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.S.-N.)
| | - Orsolya Székely
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bea Szeifert
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Gerber
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Máthé
- Department of Bioengineering, Socio-Human Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Economics, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania (Cluj-Napoca), Piața Libertății 1, 530104 Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
| | - Elek Benkő
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Mosonyi Street 9, 1087 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Tóth Kálmán Street 4, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.S.-N.)
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Calò CM, Vona G, Robledo R, Francalacci P. From old markers to next generation: reconstructing the history of the peopling of Sardinia. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:203-212. [PMID: 34459339 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1944312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT For many years the Sardinian population has been the object of numerous studies because of its unique genetic structure. Despite the extreme abundance of papers, various aspects of the peopling and genetic structure of Sardinia still remain uncertain and sometimes controversial. OBJECTIVE We reviewed what has emerged from different studies, focussing on some still open questions, such as the origin of Sardinians, their relationship with the Corsican population, and the intra-regional genetic heterogeneity. METHODS The various issues have been addressed through the analysis of classical markers, molecular markers and, finally, genomic data through next generation sequencing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although the most ancient human remains date back to the end of the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic populations brought founding lineages that left evident traces in the modern population. Then, with the Neolithic, the island underwent an important demographic expansion. Subsequently, isolation and genetic drift contributed to maintain a significant genetic heterogeneity, but preserving the overall homogeneity on a regional scale. At the same time, isolation and genetic drift contributed to differentiate Sardinia from Corsica, which saw an important gene flow from the mainland. However, the isolation did not prevent gene flow from the neighbouring populations whose contribution are still recognisable in the genome of Sardinians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Maria Calò
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Renato Robledo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Francalacci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Bioinformatics Methods in Medical Genetics and Genomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176224. [PMID: 32872128 PMCID: PMC7504073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical genomics relies on next-gen sequencing methods to decipher underlying molecular mechanisms of gene expression. This special issue collects materials originally presented at the “Centenary of Human Population Genetics” Conference-2019, in Moscow. Here we present some recent developments in computational methods tested on actual medical genetics problems dissected through genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics data analysis, gene networks, protein–protein interactions and biomedical literature mining. We have selected materials based on systems biology approaches, database mining. These methods and algorithms were discussed at the Digital Medical Forum-2019, organized by I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University presenting bioinformatics approaches for the drug targets discovery in cancer, its computational support, and digitalization of medical research, as well as at “Systems Biology and Bioinformatics”-2019 (SBB-2019) Young Scientists School in Novosibirsk, Russia. Selected recent advancements discussed at these events in the medical genomics and genetics areas are based on novel bioinformatics tools.
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