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Kiewa J, Meltzer-Brody S, Milgrom J, Guintivano J, Hickie IB, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wray NR, Byrne EM. Comprehensive Sex-Stratified Genetic Analysis of 28 Blood Biomarkers and Depression Reveals a Significant Association between Depression and Low Levels of Total Protein in Females. Complex Psychiatry 2024; 10:19-34. [PMID: 38584764 PMCID: PMC10997320 DOI: 10.1159/000538058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major depression (MD) is more common amongst women than men, and MD episodes have been associated with fluctuations in reproductive hormones amongst women. To investigate biological underpinnings of heterogeneity in MD, the associations between depression, stratified by sex and including perinatal depression (PND), and blood biomarkers, using UK Biobank (UKB) data, were evaluated, and extended to include the association of depression with biomarker polygenic scores (PGS), generated as proxy for each biomarker. Method Using female (N = 39,761) and male (N = 38,821) UKB participants, lifetime MD and PND were tested for association with 28 blood biomarkers. A GWAS was conducted for each biomarker and genetic correlations with depression subgroups were estimated. Using independent data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS were constructed for each biomarker, and tested for association with depression status (n [female cases/controls] = 9,006/6,442; n [male cases/controls] = 3,106/6,222). Regions of significant local genetic correlation between depression subgroups and biomarkers highlighted by the PGS analysis were identified. Results Depression in females was significantly associated with levels of twelve biomarkers, including total protein (OR = 0.90, CI = [0.86, 0.94], p = 3.9 × 10-6) and vitamin D (OR = 0.94, CI = [0.90, 0.97], p = 2.6 × 10-4), and PND with five biomarker levels, also including total protein (OR = 0.88, CI = [0.81, 0.96], p = 4.7 × 10-3). Depression in males was significantly associated with levels of eleven biomarkers. In the independent Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS analysis found significant associations for female depression and PND with total protein (female depression: OR = 0.93, CI = [0.88, 0.98], p = 3.6 × 10-3; PND: OR = 0.91, CI = [0.86, 0.96], p = 1.1 × 10-3), as well as with vitamin D (female depression: OR = 0.93, CI = [0.89, 0.97], p = 2.0 × 10-3; PND: OR = 0.92, CI = [0.87, 0.97], p = 1.4 × 10-3). The male depression sample did not report any significant results, and the point estimate of total protein (OR = 0.98, CI = [0.92-1.04], p = 4.7 × 10-1) did not indicate any association. Local genetic correlation analysis highlighted significant genetic correlation between PND and total protein, located in 5q13.3 (rG = 0.68, CI = [0.33, 1.0], p = 3.6 × 10-4). Discussion and Conclusion Multiple lines of evidence from genetic analysis highlight an association between total serum protein levels and depression in females. Further research involving prospective measurement of total protein and depressive symptoms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kiewa
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jentsch M, der Strate BV, Meddens M, Meddens M, Schoevers R. Assessment of biomarker stability and assay performance parameters for medical diagnosis: a case study of diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Biomark Med 2024; 18:59-68. [PMID: 38305225 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assessing the stability profiles and assay performance of 24 biomarker assays in 32 biomarker/body fluid combinations identified as relevant for prediction of major depressive disorder. Materials & methods: Combinations were tested for stability and assay performance with ELISA at different storage and freeze-thaw conditions in pooled samples of 40 patients. Results: Stability and assay performance issues were found in almost all cases except three biomarkers in urine and three in serum. Conclusion: This study shows that, to produce reliable measurement data, assessments of stability and assay performance are essential. In development, other quality assurance parameters might be implemented to increase the level of measurement reliability by increasing assay performance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jentsch
- Brainscan BV, Zutphenseweg 55 7418 AH Deventer, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Hanzeplein 1 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barry van der Strate
- University Medical Center Groningen, Research Office, Hanzeplein 1 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Meddens
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marcus Meddens
- Brainscan BV, Zutphenseweg 55 7418 AH Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Robert Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Hanzeplein 1 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral & Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
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3
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Liu W, Jiang X, Xin Y, Deng Z, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Sun Q, Kong L, Wu F, Tang Y. Sex effects on differentiating patients with major depressive disorder from bipolar disorder in depressive state: A fMRI study with follow-up. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:396-404. [PMID: 37572701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is difficult to discriminate from major depressive disorder (MDD) before the appearance of mania or hypomania. This study was designed to identify whether patients with MDD and those who converted to BD are distinguishable using dynamic amplitude low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) and describe the sex effects on the identification of the two disorders. METHODS We compared the dALFF values of 35 BD patients who converted from MDD during the 2-year follow-up, 99 MDD patients, and 130 healthy controls (HCs) using two-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation was used to compare dALFF in dysfunctional brain regions and clinical characteristics. RESULTS A main effect of diagnosis was discovered in the frontal and occipital gyrus. For the main effect of sex, both the left middle occipital gyrus and the medial part of the superior frontal gyrus had higher dALFF values in males compared to females. An interaction of sex and diagnosis effect was observed in the right precentral gyrus. Male MDD patients exhibited a higher dALFF value than male BD patients. Additionally, we discovered a higher dALFF value in females than in males in BD patients. WCST scores were positively associated with dALFF values in the frontal and occipital gyrus in MDD patients. Meanwhile, dALFF values in the occipital gyrus positively correlated with WCST in female MDD patients only. LIMITATION Most of the participants were on medication and the sample size was small. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to find the non-neglectable role of sex effects in differentiating BD and MDD at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yide Xin
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zijing Deng
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
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Kong CH, Park K, Kim DY, Kim JY, Kang WC, Jeon M, Min JW, Lee WH, Jung SY, Ryu JH. Effects of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid on depression-like behaviors induced by maternal separation in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175954. [PMID: 37541369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are structural isomeric triterpenoids. Both triterpenoids have been reported to be able to improve depression. However, no studies have compared their effects in the same system. Whether OA or UA could ameliorate depression-like behaviors in maternal separation (MS)-induced depression-like model was investigated. MS model is a well-accepted mouse model that can reflect the phenotype and pathogenesis of depression. Depression is a mental illness caused by neuroinflammation or changes in neuroplasticity in certain brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Depression-like behaviors were measured using splash test or forced swimming test. In addition, anxiety-like behaviors were also measured using the open field test or elevated plus-maze test. MS-treated female mice showed greater depression-like behaviors than male mice, and that OA improved several depression-like behaviors, whereas UA only relieved anxiety-like behavior of MS-treated mice. Microglial activation, expression levels of TNF-α, and mRNA levels of IDO1 were increased in the hippocampi of MS-treated female mice. However, OA and UA treatments attenuated such increases. In addition, expression levels of synaptophysin and PSD-95 were decreased in the hippocampi of MS-treated female mice. These decreased expression levels of synaptophysin were reversed by both OA and UA treatments, although decreased PSD-95 expression levels were only reversed by OA treatment. Our findings suggest that MS cause depression-like behaviors through female-specific neuroinflammation, changes of tryptophan metabolism, and alterations of synaptic plasticity. Our findings also suggest that OA could reverse MS-induced depression-like behaviors more effectively than UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Min
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Goh XX, Tang PY, Tee SF. Meta-analysis of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors in severe mental illnesses. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:180-190. [PMID: 37515950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), as an innate immune defense molecule, functions through binding to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) or TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Peripheral levels of soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) and soluble TNFR2 (sTNFR2) were widely measured in severe mental illnesses (SMIs) including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) but inconsistencies existed. Hence, the present meta-analysis was conducted to identify the overall association between plasma/serum sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels and SMIs. Published studies were searched using Pubmed and Scopus. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2. Hedges's g effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effects models. Heterogeneity, publication bias and study quality were assessed. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Our findings revealed that sTNFR1 level was significantly higher in SMI, particularly in BD. The sTNFR2 level significantly elevated in SMI but with smaller effect size. These findings further support the association between altered immune system and inflammatory abnormalities in SMI, especially in patients with BD. Subgroup analysis showed that younger age of onset, longer illness duration and psychotropic medication raised both sTNFR levels, especially sTNFR1, as these factors may contribute to the activation of inflammation. Future studies were suggested to identify the causality between TNFR pathway and SCZ, BD and MDD respectively using homogenous group of each SMI, and to determine the longitudinal effect of each psychotropic medication on TNFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xin Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Pek Yee Tang
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia.
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Mudra Rakshasa-Loots A. Depression and HIV: a scoping review in search of neuroimmune biomarkers. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad231. [PMID: 37693812 PMCID: PMC10489482 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
People with HIV are at increased risk for depression, though the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this are unclear. In the last decade, there has been a substantial rise in interest in the contribution of (neuro)inflammation to depression, coupled with rapid advancements in the resolution and sensitivity of biomarker assays such as Luminex, single molecular array and newly developed positron emission tomography radioligands. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have recently leveraged these next-generation immunoassays to identify biomarkers that may be associated with HIV and depression (separately), though few studies have explored these biomarkers in co-occurring HIV and depression. Using a systematic search, we detected 33 publications involving a cumulative N = 10 590 participants which tested for associations between depressive symptoms and 55 biomarkers of inflammation and related processes in participants living with HIV. Formal meta-analyses were not possible as statistical reporting in the field was highly variable; future studies must fully report test statistics and effect size estimates. The majority of included studies were carried out in the United States, with samples that were primarily older and primarily men. Substantial further work is necessary to diversify the geographical, age, and sex distribution of samples in the field. This review finds that alterations in concentrations of certain biomarkers of neuroinflammation (interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, neopterin) may influence the association between HIV and depression. Equally, the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) or the metabolic index kynurenine:tryptophan (Kyn:Trp), which have been the focus of several studies, do not appear to be associated with depressive symptoms amongst people living with HIV, as all (MCP-1) or most (IL-8 and Kyn:Trp) available studies of these biomarkers reported non-significant associations. We propose a biomarker-driven hypothesis of the neuroimmunometabolic mechanisms that may precipitate the increased risk of depression among people with HIV. Chronically activated microglia, which trigger key neuroinflammatory cascades shown to be upregulated in people with HIV, may be the central link connecting HIV infection in the central nervous system with depressive symptoms. Findings from this review may inform research design in future studies of HIV-associated depression and enable concerted efforts towards biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK
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7
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Drinčić T, van Dalfsen JH, Kamphuis J, Jentsch MC, van Belkum SM, Meddens MJM, Penninx BWJH, Schoevers RA. The Relationship between Insomnia and the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder: An Evaluation of a Broad Selection of Serum and Urine Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098437. [PMID: 37176140 PMCID: PMC10179282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia exhibits a clinically relevant relationship with major depressive disorder (MDD). Increasing evidence suggests that insomnia is associated with neurobiological alterations that resemble the pathophysiology of MDD. However, research in a clinical population is limited. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the relationship between insomnia and the main pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD in a clinical sample of individuals with MDD. Data were extracted from three cohorts (N = 227) and included an evaluation of depression severity (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, QIDS-SR16) and insomnia severity (QIDS-SR16 insomnia items) as well as serum and urine assessments of 24 immunologic (e.g., tumour necrosis factor α receptor 2 and calprotectin), neurotrophic (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor and epidermal growth factor), neuroendocrine (e.g., cortisol and aldosterone), neuropeptide (i.e., substance P), and metabolic (e.g., leptin and acetyl-L-carnitine) biomarkers. Linear regression analyses evaluating the association between insomnia severity and biomarker levels were conducted with and without controlling for depression severity (M = 17.32), antidepressant use (18.9%), gender (59.0% female; 40.5% male), age (M = 42.04), and the cohort of origin. The results demonstrated no significant associations between insomnia severity and biomarker levels. In conclusion, for the included biomarkers, current findings reveal no contribution of insomnia to the clinical pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Drinčić
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens H van Dalfsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Kamphuis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike C Jentsch
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M van Belkum
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Vand-Rajabpour F, Savage M, Belote RL, Judson-Torres RL. Critical Considerations for Investigating MicroRNAs during Tumorigenesis: A Case Study in Conceptual and Contextual Nuances of miR-211-5p in Melanoma. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:9. [PMID: 37218870 PMCID: PMC10204420 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs fundamental to metazoan development and disease. Although the aberrant regulation of microRNAs during mammalian tumorigenesis is well established, investigations into the contributions of individual microRNAs are wrought with conflicting observations. The underlying cause of these inconsistencies is often attributed to context-specific functions of microRNAs. We propose that consideration of both context-specific factors, as well as underappreciated fundamental concepts of microRNA biology, will permit a more harmonious interpretation of ostensibly diverging data. We discuss the theory that the biological function of microRNAs is to confer robustness to specific cell states. Through this lens, we then consider the role of miR-211-5p in melanoma progression. Using literature review and meta-analyses, we demonstrate how a deep understating of domain-specific contexts is critical for moving toward a concordant understanding of miR-211-5p and other microRNAs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vand-Rajabpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran
| | - Meghan Savage
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rachel L. Belote
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert L. Judson-Torres
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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9
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Li Y, Yue Y, Chen S, Jiang W, Xu Z, Chen G, Zhu Z, Tan L, Yuan Y. Combined serum IL-6, C-reactive protein, and cortisol may distinguish patients with anhedonia in major depressive disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:935031. [PMID: 36090246 PMCID: PMC9449462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.935031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and anhedonia in major depressive disorder (MDD) are closely connected, though the exact mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, and anhedonia, revealing the potential predictive value in identifying anhedonic MDD. In total, 66 patients with MDD (29 with anhedonia and 37 without anhedonia) and 66 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The severity of depression and anhedonia was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-24 (HAMD-24) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), respectively. Serum cytokines were measured using flow cytofluorometric kits, while CRP and cortisol were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We found higher serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and cortisol in MDD than in HC where anhedonic MDD was highest. CRP and IL-6 were positively associated with anhedonia, and cortisol levels were related to both anhedonia and depression. A combination of IL-6, CRP, and cortisol had optimal predictive value for distinguishing anhedonic MDD. Anhedonic MDD has unique neuroendocrine-immune characteristics compared with those without anhedonia. The combination of IL-6, CRP, and cortisol might be an early marker to distinguish anhedonic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Tan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggui Yuan
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10
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Mackiewicz T, Jacenik D, Talar M, Fichna J. The GPR35 expression pattern is associated with overall survival in male patients with colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:709-717. [PMID: 35622222 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is involved in the carcinogenesis; however, limited data exist on its relevance for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with cancer. METHODS We have examined The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset to check the relations between GPR35 expression pattern and OS or DSS of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS The performed analysis showed a negative association between positive GPR35 expression Z score and OS in males, which remains statistically significant in advanced stages of colon (COAD) and rectal (READ) adenocarcinoma combined. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the prognostic value of early testing of GPR35 in male patients with an increased risk of CRC development and warrant further clinical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mackiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.,Roche Polska Sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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11
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Dion-Albert L, Bandeira Binder L, Daigle B, Hong-Minh A, Lebel M, Menard C. Sex differences in the blood-brain barrier: Implications for mental health. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100989. [PMID: 35271863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies. Growing evidence points toward major sex differences in these conditions, and high rates of treatment resistance support the need to consider novel biological mechanisms outside of neuronal function to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Blood-brain barrier alterations have been reported in MDD, BD and SZ. Here, we provide an overview of sex-specific immune, endocrine, vascular and transcriptional-mediated changes that could affect neurovascular integrity and possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We also identify pitfalls in current literature and highlight promising vascular biomarkers. Better understanding of how these adaptations can contribute to mental health status is essential not only in the context of MDD, BD and SZ but also cardiovascular diseases and stroke which are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Luisa Bandeira Binder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Beatrice Daigle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Amandine Hong-Minh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
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12
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Rahman S, Shanta AA, Daria S, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Qusar MMAS, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Increased serum resistin but not G-CSF levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: Findings from a case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264404. [PMID: 35213631 PMCID: PMC8880862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have predicted major depressive disorder (MDD) as the leading cause of global health by 2030 due to its high prevalence, disability, and illness. However, the actual pathophysiological mechanism behind depression is unknown. Scientists consider alterations in cytokines might be tools for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of MDD. Several past studies on several inflammatory cytokine expressions in MDD reveal that an inflammatory process is activated, although the precise causes of that changes in cytokine levels are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate resistin and G-CSF in MDD patients and controls to explore their role in the pathogenesis and development of depression. Methods We included 220 participants in this study. Among them, 108 MDD patients and 112 age-sex matched healthy control (HCs). We used DSM-5 to evaluate study participants. Also, we applied the Ham-D rating scale to assess the severity of patients. Serum resistin and G-CSF levels were measured using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA). Results The present study observed increased serum resistin levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (13.82 ± 1.24ng/mL and 6.35 ± 0.51ng/mL, p <0.001). However, we did not find such changes for serum G-CSF levels between the groups. Ham-D scores showed a significant correlation with serum resistin levels but not G-CSF levels in the patient group. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed a fairly predictive performance of serum resistin levels in major depression (AUC = 0.746). Conclusion The present study findings suggest higher serum resistin levels are associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. This elevated serum resistin level may serve as an early risk assessment indicator for MDD. However, the role of serum G-CSF in the development of MDD is still unclear despite its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaranika Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amena Alam Shanta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Daria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - MMA Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Zheng H, Jiang X, Yang R, Wang S, Zhong H. Changes in major psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents from 2001 to 2020: A retrospective single-center study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1079456. [PMID: 36699486 PMCID: PMC9868601 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the hospitalization rates, length of stay, age at the time of admission, and sex distribution for major psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents and provide a reference for early intervention for these diseases and distribution of medical resources in hospitals. METHODS We screened 4,423 patients in the child and adolescent wards of the Anhui Provincial Mental Health Center from 2001 to 2020, and examined the top four (81.1%) mental health disorders that accounted for the overall proportion of patients admitted, namely schizophrenia (SCZ) (45.7%), depressive disorder (DD) (14.5%), bipolar disorder (BD) (9.3%), and childhood emotional disorder (CED) (11.6%), and for each disorder, the percentage of hospitalization, length of stay, age at admission, and sex distribution were analyzed. RESULTS From 2001 to 2020, there was a significantly decreasing trend in the proportion of hospitalizations for SCZ (p < 0.001) and an increasing trend for depression and CED (p < 0.001). In terms of length of stay, SCZ was significantly longer than the other three disorders (p < 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between DD, BD, and CED, and there was no significant trend in length of stay for any of the four disorders. The age at admission for CED was significantly lower than that for the other three disorders (p < 0.001). There was a decreasing trend in the age at admission for DD (p = 0.011) and an increasing trend for BD (p = 0.001). A significant increase in the number of female patients admitted for SCZ, DD, and CED was observed, while there was no significant change in the sex ratio for BD. CONCLUSION Although there is a significant downward trend in the percentage of hospitalizations for SCZ, it is still the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. We observed a significant increase in the percentage of hospitalizations for DD and CED. In addition, the proportion of female patients being hospitalized is on the rise, and this aspect requires continuous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Rong Yang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Child and Adolescents, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
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