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Larsen PB, He S, Meyer TJ, Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Alfs C, Kwasniewska J, Pervis A, Gajecka M, Veerabahu A, Beaulieu TR, Bolaris SC, Eekhout T, De Veylder L, Abel S, Szarejko I, Murn J. The stem cell niche transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115 participates in aluminum-induced terminal differentiation in Arabidopsis roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39007549 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum-dependent stoppage of root growth requires the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway including the p53-like transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RADIATION 1 (SOG1), which promotes terminal differentiation of the root tip in response to Al dependent cell death. Transcriptomic analyses identified Al-induced SOG1-regulated targets as candidate mediators of this growth arrest. Analysis of these factors either as loss-of-function mutants or by overexpression in the als3-1 background shows ERF115, which is a key transcription factor that in other scenarios is rate-limiting for damaged stem cell replenishment, instead participates in transition from an actively growing root to one that has terminally differentiated in response to Al toxicity. This is supported by a loss-of-function erf115 mutant raising the threshold of Al required to promote terminal differentiation of Al hypersensitive als3-1. Consistent with its key role in stoppage of root growth, a putative ERF115 barley ortholog is also upregulated following Al exposure, suggesting a conserved role for this ATR-dependent pathway in Al response. In contrast to other DNA damage agents, these results show that ERF115 and likely related family members are important determinants of terminal differentiation of the root tip following Al exposure and central outputs of the SOG1-mediated pathway in Al response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shiyang He
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Taylor J Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Carolin Alfs
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Halle, Germany
| | - Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alexandra Pervis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Monika Gajecka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aishwarya Veerabahu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Taylor R Beaulieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Stephen C Bolaris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Abel
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Halle, Germany
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jernej Murn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Vladejić J, Kovacik M, Zwyrtková J, Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Doležel J, Pecinka A. Zeocin-induced DNA damage response in barley and its dependence on ATR. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3119. [PMID: 38326519 PMCID: PMC10850495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is an essential mechanism by which living organisms maintain their genomic stability. In plants, DDR is important also for normal growth and yield. Here, we explored the DDR of a temperate model crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) at the phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic levels. By a series of in vitro DNA damage assays using the DNA strand break (DNA-SB) inducing agent zeocin, we showed reduced root growth and expansion of the differentiated zone to the root tip. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of barley wild-type and plants mutated in DDR signaling kinase ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED AND RAD3-RELATED (hvatr.g) revealed zeocin-dependent, ATR-dependent, and zeocin-dependent/ATR-independent transcriptional responses. Transcriptional changes were scored also using the newly developed catalog of 421 barley DDR genes with the phylogenetically-resolved relationships of barley SUPRESSOR OF GAMMA 1 (SOG1) and SOG1-LIKE (SGL) genes. Zeocin caused up-regulation of specific DDR factors and down-regulation of cell cycle and histone genes, mostly in an ATR-independent manner. The ATR dependency was obvious for some factors associated with DDR during DNA replication and for many genes without an obvious connection to DDR. This provided molecular insight into the response to DNA-SB induction in the large and complex barley genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Vladejić
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Kovacik
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jana Zwyrtková
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia.
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Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Kurowska M, Till BJ, Szarejko I. Is it the end of TILLING era in plant science? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1160695. [PMID: 37674734 PMCID: PMC10477672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 2000, the TILLING strategy has been widely used in plant research to create novel genetic diversity. TILLING is based on chemical or physical mutagenesis followed by the rapid identification of mutations within genes of interest. TILLING mutants may be used for functional analysis of genes and being nontransgenic, they may be directly used in pre-breeding programs. Nevertheless, classical mutagenesis is a random process, giving rise to mutations all over the genome. Therefore TILLING mutants carry background mutations, some of which may affect the phenotype and should be eliminated, which is often time-consuming. Recently, new strategies of targeted genome editing, including CRISPR/Cas9-based methods, have been developed and optimized for many plant species. These methods precisely target only genes of interest and produce very few off-targets. Thus, the question arises: is it the end of TILLING era in plant studies? In this review, we recap the basics of the TILLING strategy, summarize the current status of plant TILLING research and present recent TILLING achievements. Based on these reports, we conclude that TILLING still plays an important role in plant research as a valuable tool for generating genetic variation for genomics and breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bradley J. Till
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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3,4-Dehydro-L-proline Induces Programmed Cell Death in the Roots of Brachypodium distachyon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147548. [PMID: 34299166 PMCID: PMC8303501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As cell wall proteins, the hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) take part in plant growth and various developmental processes. To fulfil their functions, HRGPs, extensins (EXTs) in particular, undergo the hydroxylation of proline by the prolyl-4-hydroxylases. The activity of these enzymes can be inhibited with 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (3,4-DHP), which enables its application to reveal the functions of the HRGPs. Thus, to study the involvement of HRGPs in the development of root hairs and roots, we treated seedlings of Brachypodium distachyon with 250 µM, 500 µM, and 750 µM of 3,4-DHP. The histological observations showed that the root epidermis cells and the cortex cells beneath them ruptured. The immunostaining experiments using the JIM20 antibody, which recognizes the EXT epitopes, demonstrated the higher abundance of this epitope in the control compared to the treated samples. The transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed morphological and ultrastructural features that are typical for the vacuolar-type of cell death. Using the TUNEL test (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling), we showed an increase in the number of nuclei with damaged DNA in the roots that had been treated with 3,4-DHP compared to the control. Finally, an analysis of two metacaspases' gene activity revealed an increase in their expression in the treated roots. Altogether, our results show that inhibiting the prolyl-4-hydroxylases with 3,4-DHP results in a vacuolar-type of cell death in roots, thereby highlighting the important role of HRGPs in root hair development and root growth.
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