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Wang Y, Li X, Guan X, Song Z, Liu H, Guan Z, Wang J, Zhu L, Zhang D, Zhao L, Xie P, Wei X, Shang N, Liu Y, Jin Z, Ji Z, Dai G. The Upregulation of Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 1 Expression Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promotes Liver Fibrosis by Stabilizing Phosphorylated Smad2/3. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2735. [PMID: 38473980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis poses a significant global health risk due to its association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the lack of effective treatments. Thus, the need to discover additional novel therapeutic targets to attenuate liver diseases is urgent. Leucine-rich repeat containing 1 (LRRC1) reportedly promotes HCC development. Previously, we found that LRRC1 was significantly upregulated in rat fibrotic liver according to the transcriptome sequencing data. Herein, in the current work, we aimed to explore the role of LRRC1 in liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms involved. LRRC1 expression was positively correlated with liver fibrosis severity and significantly elevated in both human and murine fibrotic liver tissues. LRRC1 knockdown or overexpression inhibited or enhanced the proliferation, migration, and expression of fibrogenic genes in the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. More importantly, LRRC1 inhibition in vivo significantly alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by reducing collagen accumulation and hepatic stellate cells' (HSCs) activation in mice. Mechanistically, LRRC1 promoted HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis by preventing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) 2/3 (p-Smad2/3), thereby activating the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Collectively, these results clarify a novel role for LRRC1 as a regulator of liver fibrosis and indicate that LRRC1 is a promising target for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaowen Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huanfei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peitong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongzhen Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhili Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guifu Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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2
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Sinha S, Hassan N, Schwartz RE. Organelle stress and alterations in interorganelle crosstalk during liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2024; 79:482-501. [PMID: 36626634 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synchronous functioning and quality control of organelles ensure cell survival and function and are essential for maintaining homeostasis. Prolonged exposure to stressors (viruses, bacteria, parasitic infections, alcohol, drugs) or genetic mutations often disrupt the functional integrity of organelles which plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of several diseases including chronic liver diseases. One of the most important pathologic consequences of chronic liver diseases is liver fibrosis, characterized by tissue scarring due to the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. Left untreated, fibrosis may advance to life-threatening complications such as cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and HCC, which collectively accounts for ∼1 million deaths per year worldwide. Owing to the lack of treatment options that can regress or reverse cirrhosis, liver transplantation is currently the only available treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, the limited supply of usable donor organs, adverse effects of lifelong immunosuppressive regimes, and financial considerations pose major challenges and limit its application. Hence, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. An improved understanding of the organelle-level regulation of fibrosis can help devise effective antifibrotic therapies focused on reducing organelle stress, limiting organelle damage, improving interorganelle crosstalk, and restoring organelle homeostasis; and could be a potential clinical option to avoid transplantation. This review provides a timely update on the recent findings and mechanisms covering organelle-specific dysfunctions in liver fibrosis, highlights how correction of organelle functions opens new treatment avenues and discusses the potential challenges to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Bi Y, Liu S, Qin X, Abudureyimu M, Wang L, Zou R, Ajoolabady A, Zhang W, Peng H, Ren J, Zhang Y. FUNDC1 interacts with GPx4 to govern hepatic ferroptosis and fibrotic injury through a mitophagy-dependent manner. J Adv Res 2024; 55:45-60. [PMID: 36828120 PMCID: PMC10770120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological anomaly which usually evolves into advanced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma although limited therapeutic option is readily available. FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is a mitophagy receptor with little information in liver fibrosis. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine the role for FUNDC1 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. METHODS GEO database analysis and subsequent validation of biological processes including western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation were applied to clarify the regulatory role of FUNDC1 on mitophagy and ferroptosis. RESULTS Our data revealed elevated FUNDC1 levels in liver tissues of patients with liver fibrotic injury and CCl4-challenged mice. FUNDC1 deletion protected against CCl4-induced hepatic anomalies in mice. Moreover, FUNDC1 deletion ameliorated CCl4-induced ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, FUNDC1 interacted with glutathione peroxidase (GPx4), a selenoenzyme to neutralize lipid hydroperoxides and ferroptosis, via its 96-133 amino acid domain to facilitate GPx4 recruitment into mitochondria from cytoplasm. GPx4 entered mitochondria through mitochondrial protein import system-the translocase of outer membrane/translocase of inner membrane (TOM/TIM) complex, prior to degradation of GPx4 mainly through mitophagy along with ROS-induced damaged mitochondria, resulting in hepatocyte ferroptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data favored that FUNDC1 promoted hepatocyte injury through GPx4 binding to facilitate its mitochondrial translocation through TOM/TIM complex, where GPx4 was degraded by mitophagy to trigger ferroptosis. Targeting FUNDC1 may be a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuolin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miyesaier Abudureyimu
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Hammad S, Ogris C, Othman A, Erdoesi P, Schmidt-Heck W, Biermayer I, Helm B, Gao Y, Piorońska W, Holland CH, D'Alessandro LA, de la Torre C, Sticht C, Al Aoua S, Theis FJ, Bantel H, Ebert MP, Klingmüller U, Hengstler JG, Dooley S, Mueller NS. Tolerance of repeated toxic injuries of murine livers is associated with steatosis and inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:414. [PMID: 37438332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The human liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate and thus compensate over decades for fibrosis caused by toxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, or malnutrition. To date, no protective mechanisms have been identified that help the liver tolerate these repeated injuries. In this study, we revealed dysregulation of lipid metabolism and mild inflammation as protective mechanisms by studying longitudinal multi-omic measurements of liver fibrosis induced by repeated CCl4 injections in mice (n = 45). Based on comprehensive proteomics, transcriptomics, blood- and tissue-level profiling, we uncovered three phases of early disease development-initiation, progression, and tolerance. Using novel multi-omic network analysis, we identified multi-level mechanisms that are significantly dysregulated in the injury-tolerant response. Public data analysis shows that these profiles are altered in human liver diseases, including fibrosis and early cirrhosis stages. Our findings mark the beginning of the tolerance phase as the critical switching point in liver response to repetitive toxic doses. After fostering extracellular matrix accumulation as an acute response, we observe a deposition of tiny lipid droplets in hepatocytes only in the Tolerant phase. Our comprehensive study shows that lipid metabolism and mild inflammation may serve as biomarkers and are putative functional requirements to resist further disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pia Erdoesi
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Biermayer
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Gao
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weronika Piorońska
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian H Holland
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Core Facility Next Generation Sequencing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Core Facility Next Generation Sequencing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sherin Al Aoua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center of Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikola S Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Sun Y, He L, Guo P, Li F, Wang B, Zhang Y, An K, Peng M. F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells by degrading delta-like ligand 1 to block Notch signaling pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230634. [PMID: 37082613 PMCID: PMC10111210 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a precursor of liver cirrhosis, and activated hepatic stellate cells are an important driver of fibrosis. F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) expression level is down-regulated in HF, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The interaction between FBXW7 and delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1) was predicted. LX-2 cells were subjected to transfection of FBXW7/DLL1 silencing or overexpression plasmid. The expressions of FBXW7 and DLL1 in HF in vitro were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The LX-2 cell cycle, viability, proliferation, and ubiquitination were determined by flow cytometry, cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and ubiquitination assays, respectively. FBXW7 overexpression suppressed the cell viability and proliferation, facilitated cell cycle arrest, and down-regulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen I, and DLL1 protein levels, but FBXW7 silencing did the opposite. DLL1 was bound to and ubiquitin-dependently degraded by FBXW7 overexpression. DLL1 overexpression promoted the cell viability and proliferation, accelerated cell cycle, and up-regulated the levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and HES1, but these trends were reversed by FBXW7 overexpression. To sum up, FBXW7 overexpression suppresses the progression of HF in vitro by ubiquitin-dependently degrading DLL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peiran Guo
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai An
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Peng
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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6
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Serrano-Maciá M, Delgado TC, Martínez-Chantar ML. Isolation of the Hepatic Ubiquitome/NEDDylome by Streptavidin Pull-Down Assay in the Biotinylated Ubiquitin ( bioUb)/Biotinylated NEDD8 ( bioNEDD8) Transgenic Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2602:151-162. [PMID: 36446973 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2859-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, our group and others have uncovered the role of ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like proteins such as the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8)-mediated modifications in several types of liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. For this purpose, we have taken advantage of biotinylated ubiquitin (bioUb) and biotinylated NEDD8 (bioNEDD8) mice, transgenic mouse models in which ubiquitin and NEDD8, respectively, are biotinylated in vivo. Using these genetic tools and pull-down assays that exploit the strong biotin-streptavidin interaction, denaturing lysis conditions, and stringent washing procedures, only proteins modified by Ub or NEDD8 are isolated from mammalian tissues in vivo. Here, we report a protocol of streptavidin pull-down of ubiquitinated and NEDDylated liver proteins using the bioUb and bioNEDD8 mice that can potentially be used to characterize both the hepatic ubiquitome and NEDDylome in different models of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardoso Delgado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
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7
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Studying the ubiquitin code through biotin-based labelling methods. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:109-119. [PMID: 35181195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of cellular substrates by members of the ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (UbL) family are crucial for regulating protein homeostasis in organisms. The term "ubiquitin code" encapsulates how this diverse family of modifications, via adding single UbLs or different types of UbL chains, leads to specific fates for substrates. Cancer, neurodegeneration and other conditions are sometimes linked to underlying errors in this code. Studying these modifications in cells is particularly challenging since they are usually transient, scarce, and compartment-specific. Advances in the use of biotin-based methods to label modified proteins, as well as their proximally-located interactors, facilitate isolation and identification of substrates, modification sites, and the enzymes responsible for writing and erasing these modifications, as well as factors recruited as a consequence of the substrate being modified. In this review, we discuss site-specific and proximity biotinylation approaches being currently applied for studying modifications by UbLs, highlighting the pros and cons, with mention of complementary methods when possible. Future improvements may come from bioengineering and chemical biology but even now, biotin-based technology is uncovering new substrates and regulators, expanding potential therapeutic targets to manipulate the Ub code.
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8
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El-Aarag B, Attia A, Zahran M, Younes A, Tousson E. New phthalimide analog ameliorates CCl 4 induced hepatic injury in mice via reducing ROS formation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6384-6395. [PMID: 34764756 PMCID: PMC8568827 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed, for the first time, to examine the biochemical effects of new phthalimide analog, 2-[2-(2-Bromo-1-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, compared to thalidomide drug against liver injury induced in mice. Carbon tetrachloride was intraperitoneal injected in mice for 6 consecutive weeks at a dose of 0.4 mL/kg twice a week for liver injury induction. Histopathological examination, levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and antioxidant enzymes were determined. Additionally, the protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, proliferating cell nuclear protein, tumor necrosis factor-alfa, nuclear factor kappa B-p65, B-cell lymphoma-2, and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 were determined. Results revealed that the treatment with phthalimide analog improved the detected liver damage and presented an obvious antioxidant activity through decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels accompanied by increasing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the analog exhibited an effective inhibitory activity towards the studied protein expressions in liver tissues. Moreover, the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein level was increased while the cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 level was suppressed after the treatment with phthalimide analog. Together, these results propose that phthalimide analog can ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice through its potent inhibition mediating effect in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy El-Aarag
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa Attia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Magdy Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Ali Younes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
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9
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D’Amore C, Salvi M. Editorial of Special Issue "Protein Post-Translational Modifications in Signal Transduction and Diseases". Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052232. [PMID: 33668127 PMCID: PMC7956322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The making of a protein is based on the combination of 20 different monomers (22 considering selenocysteine and pyrrolysine, the latest present only in some archaea and bacteria) giving the possibility of building a variety of structures from the simplest to the most complex, rigid or highly dynamic, and suited to carry out a wide range of structural and functional roles [...].
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10
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Effect of Short-Term Tacrolimus Exposure on Rat Liver: An Insight into Serum Antioxidant Status, Liver Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6613786. [PMID: 33679236 PMCID: PMC7929660 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressive drug, optimally used for liver, kidney, and heart transplant to avoid immune rejection. In retrospect, a multitude of studies have reported effects of TAC, such as nephrotoxicity, diabetes, and other complications. However, limited information is available regarding short-term exposure of TAC on the liver. Therefore, the present study was designed to unravel the effects of short-term exposure of TAC on a rat model. The animal model was established by TAC administration for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h time points. Liver histopathological changes were observed with PAS-D, reticulin stain, and immunostaining of PCNA and CK-7 coupled with glycogen quantification in a liver homogenate. TUNEL assay was performed to evaluate the DNA damage in the liver. Concentration of GSH and activities of SOD and CAT in the serum were measured to assess the antioxidant status, whereas liver tissue MDA level was measured as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Hepatic gene expression analysis of IL-10, IL-13, SOCS-2, and SOCS-3 was performed by RT-PCR. Results revealed marked changes in liver architecture of all TAC-treated groups, as evidenced by sinusoid dilation, hepatocyte derangement, glycogen deposition, and collapsed reticulin fibers. Significant increase in PCNA and CK-7 immunostaining along with the presence of TUNEL-positive cells was revealed in treatment groups as compared to the control group. Serum antioxidant enzyme status was markedly decreased, whereas the liver MDA level was increased in TAC treatment groups indicating oxidative stress induction. The gene expression profile of cytokines was significantly upregulated in treatment groups highlighting an inflammatory response. In conclusion, results of the current study propose that even a short-term TAC exposure can induce change in antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, these factors should be considered to avoid and minimize immunosuppression-related issues in a prolonged course of treatment.
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