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Kopcsik E, Mucsi Z, Kontra B, Vanyorek L, Váradi C, Viskolcz B, Nagy M. Preparation and Optical Study of 1-Formamido-5-Isocyanonaphthalene, the Hydrolysis Product of the Potent Antifungal 1,5-Diisocyanonaphthalene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097780. [PMID: 37175485 PMCID: PMC10177923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic isocyanides have gained a lot of attention lately as promising antifungal and anticancer drugs, as well as high-performance fluorescent analytical probes for the detection of toxic metals, such as mercury, even in vivo. Since this topic is relatively new and aromatic isocyanides possess unique photophysical properties, the understanding of structure-behavior relationships and the preparation of novel potentially biologically active derivatives are of paramount importance. Here, we report the photophysical characterization of 1,5-diisocyanonaphthalene (DIN) backed by quantum chemical calculations. It was discovered that DIN undergoes hydrolysis in certain solvents in the presence of oxonium ions. By the careful control of the reaction conditions for the first time, the nonsymmetric product 1-formamido-5-isocyanonaphthalene (ICNF) could be prepared. Contrary to expectations, the monoformamido derivative showed a significant solvatochromic behavior with a ~50 nm range from hexane to water. This behavior was explained by the enhanced H-bond-forming ability of the formamide group. The significance of the hydrolysis reaction is that the isocyano group is converted to formamide in living organisms. Therefore, ICNF could be a potential drug (for example, antifungal) and the reaction can be used as a model for the preparation of other nonsymmetric formamido-isocyanoarenes. In contrast to its relative 1-amino-5-iscyanonaphthalene (ICAN), ICNF is highly fluorescent in water, enabling the development of a fluorescent turnoff probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kopcsik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry, Brain Vision Center, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kontra
- Department of Chemistry, Brain Vision Center, Liliom utca 43-45, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Vanyorek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Váradi
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nagy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
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2
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Graziano G, Stefanachi A, Contino M, Prieto-Díaz R, Ligresti A, Kumar P, Scilimati A, Sotelo E, Leonetti F. Multicomponent Reaction-Assisted Drug Discovery: A Time- and Cost-Effective Green Approach Speeding Up Identification and Optimization of Anticancer Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076581. [PMID: 37047554 PMCID: PMC10095429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as a powerful strategy in synthetic organic chemistry due to their widespread applications in drug discovery and development. MCRs are flexible transformations in which three or more substrates react to form structurally complex products with high atomic efficiency. They are being increasingly appreciated as a highly exploratory and evolutionary tool by the medicinal chemistry community, opening the door to more sustainable, cost-effective and rapid synthesis of biologically active molecules. In recent years, MCR-based synthetic strategies have found extensive application in the field of drug discovery, and several anticancer drugs have been synthesized through MCRs. In this review, we present an overview of representative and recent literature examples documenting different approaches and applications of MCRs in the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Graziano
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Poulami Kumar
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Cankařová N, Krchňák V. Regioselective Cyclic Iminium Formation of Ugi Advanced Intermediates: Rapid Access to 3,4-Dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones and Other Diverse Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073062. [PMID: 37049824 PMCID: PMC10095709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, advanced intermediates were synthesized through Ugi four-component reactions of isocyanides, aldehydes, masked amino aldehyde, and carboxylic acids, including N-protected amino acids. The presence of a masked aldehyde enabled acid-mediated deprotection and subsequent cyclization via the carbonyl carbon and the amide nitrogen. Utilizing N-protected amino acid as a carboxylic acid component, Ugi intermediates could be cyclized from two possible directions to target 3,4-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones. Cyclization to the amino terminus (westbound) and to the carboxyl terminus (eastbound) was demonstrated. Deliberate selection of building blocks drove the reaction regioselectively and yielded diverse heterocycles containing a 3,4-dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-one core, pyrazin-2(1H)-one, and piperazin-2-one, as well as a tricyclic framework with a 3D architecture, 2,3-dihydro-2,6-methanobenzo[h][1,3,6]triazonine-4,7(1H,5H)-dione, from Ugi adducts under mild reaction conditions. The latter bridged heterocycle was achieved diastereoselectively. The reported chemistry represents diversity-oriented synthesis. One common Ugi advanced intermediate was, without isolation, rapidly transformed into various nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Wiedmann JJ, Demirdögen YN, Schmidt S, Kuzina MA, Wu Y, Wang F, Nestler B, Hopf C, Levkin PA. Nanoliter Scale Parallel Liquid-Liquid Extraction for High-Throughput Purification on a Droplet Microarray. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204512. [PMID: 36538723 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the current drug discovery process, the synthesis of compound libraries is separated from biological screenings both conceptually and technologically. One of the reasons is that parallel on-chip high-throughput purification of synthesized compounds is still a major challenge. Here, on-chip miniaturized high-throughput liquid-liquid extraction in volumes down to 150 nL with efficiency comparable to or better than large-scale extraction utilizing separation funnels is demonstrated. The method is based on automated and programmable merging of arrays of aqueous nanoliter droplets with organic droplets. Multi-step extraction performed simultaneously or with changing conditions as well as handling of femtomoles of compounds are demonstrated. In addition, the extraction efficiency is analyzed with a fast optical readout as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry on-chip detection. The new massively parallel and miniaturized purification method adds another important tool to the chemBIOS concept combining chemical combinatorial synthesis with biological screenings on the same miniaturized droplet microarray platform, which will be essential to accelerate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne J Wiedmann
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yelda N Demirdögen
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mariia A Kuzina
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yanchen Wu
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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One-Pot Solvent-Involved Synthesis of 5- O-Substituted 5 H-Chromeno[2,3- b]pyridines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010064. [PMID: 36615259 PMCID: PMC9822245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines are substances demanded in medicinal and material chemistry. PASE (pot, atom, and step economy) and in particular one-pot approaches are key green chemistry techniques that are applied for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. In this case, the PASE approach was extended with 'component economy', as solvent was used also as reactant (solvent-involved reaction). This approach was adopted for the one-pot synthesis of previously unknown O-substituted 5-alkoxy-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines via two-step transformation, namely the reaction of salicylaldehydes and malononitrile dimer, with the subsequent addition of alcohol. The mechanistic studies revealed the possibility of concurrent reaction. The studies aided in optimizing the reaction conditions for the best yields (77-93%). Thus, the one-pot reaction proceeds efficient and quickly, and the work-up procedure (only simple filtering) is very convenient. The structure of synthesized chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines was confirmed by 2D NMR spectroscopy.
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Camargo-Ayala L, Polo-Cuadrado E, Osorio E, Soto-Delgado J, Duarte Y, Prent-Peñaloza L, Gutiérrez M. Synthesis multicomponent based on o‐tolyl‐isocyanide; cholinesterase inhibitors and computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cankařová N, Nemec I, Krchnak V. <i>p</i>‐TSA‐Mediated Four‐Component Reaction: One‐Step Access to Mesoionic 1<i>H</i>‐Imidazol‐3‐ium‐4‐olates, Direct NHC Precursors. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science CZECH REPUBLIC
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Anugu N, Thunga S, Poshala S, Kokatla HP. N-Oxide-Induced Ugi Reaction: A Rapid Access to Quinoline-C2-amino Amides via Deoxygenative C(sp 2)-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10435-10440. [PMID: 35849086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A logic-based replacement of the carboxylic acid component of the Ugi reaction by quinoline N-oxides has been developed. In this approach, the carboxylic isostere, quinoline N-oxide, plays a vital role by shifting the equilibria toward the product side with irreversible addition onto the C2-position of the N-oxide. Thus, aldehydes react with amines, isocyanides, and quinoline N-oxides to furnish quinoline four-component Ugi adducts. The unique reactivity of N-oxides with Ugi components opens an efficient synthetic route for the preparation of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Anugu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal, Telangana-506004, India
| | - Sanjeeva Thunga
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal, Telangana-506004, India
| | - Soumya Poshala
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal, Telangana-506004, India
| | - Hari Prasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal, Telangana-506004, India
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A new silver coordination polymer based on 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application in asymmetric Hantzsch synthesis of polyhydroquinolines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15657. [PMID: 34341402 PMCID: PMC8329208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient and stable heterogeneous coordination polymer (CP) was successfully prepared by hydrothermal combination of silver and 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinethiol. The prepared coordination polymer was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDX, X-ray mapping and Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The prepared Ag–CP exhibit excellent catalytic activity in multicomponent Hantzsch synthesis of polyhydroquinolines under mild reaction conditions in relatively short reaction times. The heterogeneity of the catalyst was confirmed by the hot filtration test; also, the catalyst was reused for at least four times under the optimized reaction conditions without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
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Kinetic analysis and reaction mechanism of p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol ([4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxymethyl]polystyrene) resin pyrolysis: Revealing new information on thermal stability. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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