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Zhou X, Jia Y, Mao C, Liu S. Small extracellular vesicles: Non-negligible vesicles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216481. [PMID: 37972701 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) such as exosomes are nanoscale membranous particles (<200 nm) that have emerged as crucial targets for liquid biopsy and as promising drug delivery vehicles. They play a significant role in tumor progression as intercellular messengers. They can serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and as drug carriers for cancer treatment. This article reviews recent studies on sEVs in oncology and explores their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles. Following tumorigenesis, sEVs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and circulatory system undergo modifications to regulate various events in the TME, including angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor immunity, with either pro- or anti-tumor effects. sEVs have been investigated for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for a variety of tumors, including lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. sEVs can be used for cancer therapy by packaging drugs or proteins into them through pre- and post-isolation modification techniques. The clinical trials of sEVs as biomarkers and drug carriers are also summarized. Finally, the challenges in the use of sEVs are described and the possible approaches to tackling them are suggested. Overall, sEVs will advance the precision cancer medicine and has shown great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Jia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shanrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Guo M, Wang L, Yin Z, Chen F, Lei P. Small extracellular vesicles as potential theranostic tools in central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115407. [PMID: 37683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs), a subset of extracellular vesicles with a bilateral membrane structure, contain biological cargoes, such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. sEVs are crucial mediators of intercellular communications in the physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Because of the special structure and complex pathogenesis of the brain, central nervous system disorders are characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Increasing evidence has focused on the potential of sEVs in clinical application for central nervous system disorders. sEVs are emerging as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool with high sensitivity, low immunogenicity, superior safety profile, and high transfer efficiency. This review highlighted the development of sEVs in central nervous system disorder clinical application. We also outlined the role of sEVs in central nervous system disorders and discussed the limitations of sEVs in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Wu Y, Huang X, Tan Z, Zang J, Peng M, He N, Zhang T, Mai H, Xu A, Lu D. FUS-mediated HypEVs: Neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:196-213. [PMID: 37621770 PMCID: PMC10444975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the properties and protein composition of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from neurons under hypoxic conditions. Presently, the extent of the involvement of these plentiful sEVs in the onset and progression of ischemic stroke remains an unresolved question. Our study systematically identified the characteristics of sEVs derived from neurons under hypoxic conditions (HypEVs) by physical characterization, sEV absorption, proteomics and transcriptomics analysis. The effects of HypEVs on neurites, cell survival, and neuron structure were assessed in vitro and in vivo by neural complexity tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Golgi staining, and Western blotting of synaptic plasticity-related proteins and apoptotic proteins. Knockdown of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to validate FUS-mediated HypEV neuroprotection and mitochondrial mRNA release. Hypoxia promoted the secretion of sEVs, and HypEVs were more easily taken up and utilized by recipient cells. The MRI results illustrated that the cerebral infarction volume was reduced by 45% with the application of HypEVs, in comparison to the non- HypEV treatment group. Mechanistically, the FUS protein is necessary for the uptake and neuroprotection of HypEVs against ischemic stroke as well as carrying a large amount of mitochondrial mRNA in HypEVs. However, FUS knockdown attenuated the neuroprotective rescue capabilities of HypEVs. Our comprehensive dataset clearly illustrates that FUS-mediated HypEVs deliver exceptional neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke, primarily through the maintenance of neurite integrity and the reduction of mitochondria-associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zefeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiankun Zang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu He
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Mai
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Insititute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu J, Li S, Zhang Y. Research progress in role of exosomes exosomes in mental disorders. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:771-781. [PMID: 37539580 PMCID: PMC10930398 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a structure of lipid bilayer-membrane. In the central nervous system (CNS), exosomes can be secreted from both neurons and glial cells. Exosomes released into the extracellular matrix can freely cross the blood-brain barrier and function as crucial carriers of cellular communication and substance exchange in the CNS. Exosomes play a key role in the pathological process of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, and they have the potential to be used as a targeted carrier of antipsychotic medications. Exosomes are likely to become a new tool in the future to aid in the early prevention, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment for people with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
| | - Shansi Li
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha 410011, China.
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Jin S, Lv Z, Kang L, Wang J, Tan C, Shen L, Wang L, Liu J. Next generation of neurological therapeutics: Native and bioengineered extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:779-797. [PMID: 36600903 PMCID: PMC9800941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based cell-free therapy, particularly stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs), offers new insights into treating a series of neurological disorders and becomes a promising candidate for alternative stem cell regenerative therapy. Currently, SC-EVs are considered direct therapeutic agents by themselves and/or dynamic delivery systems as they have a similar regenerative capacity of stem cells to promote neurogenesis and can easily load many functional small molecules to recipient cells in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, as non-living entities, SC-EVs avoid the uncontrollability and manufacturability limitations of live stem cell products in vivo (e.g., low survival rate, immune response, and tumorigenicity) and in vitro (e.g., restricted sources, complex preparation processes, poor quality control, low storage, shipping instability, and ethical controversy) by strict quality control system. Moreover, SC-EVs can be engineered or designed to enhance further overall yield, increase bioactivity, improve targeting, and extend their half-life. Here, this review provides an overview on the biological properties of SC-EVs, and the current progress in the strategies of native or bioengineered SC-EVs for nerve injury repairing is presented. Then we further summarize the challenges of recent research and perspectives for successful clinical application to advance SC-EVs from bench to bedside in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jin
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Zhongyue Lv
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Chengcheng Tan
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Liming Shen
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Frontier Technology of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian Engineering Research Center for Genetic Variation Detection of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian 116085, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Pal A, Gori S, Yoo SW, Thomas AG, Wu Y, Friedman J, Tenora L, Bhasin H, Alt J, Haughey N, Slusher BS, Rais R. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable and Brain-Penetrable Prodrugs of the Potent nSMase2 Inhibitor DPTIP. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11111-11125. [PMID: 35930706 PMCID: PMC9980655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can carry pathological cargo and play an active role in disease progression. Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) is a critical regulator of EV biogenesis, and its inhibition has shown protective effects in multiple disease states. 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(5-phenyl-4-thiophen-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (DPTIP) is one of the most potent (IC50 = 30 nM) inhibitors of nSMase2 discovered to date. However, DPTIP exhibits poor oral pharmacokinetics (PK), limiting its clinical development. To overcome DPTIP's PK limitations, we synthesized a series of prodrugs by masking its phenolic hydroxyl group. When administered orally, the best prodrug (P18) with a 2',6'-diethyl-1,4'-bipiperidinyl promoiety exhibited >fourfold higher plasma (AUC0-t = 1047 pmol·h/mL) and brain exposures (AUC0-t = 247 pmol·h/g) versus DPTIP and a significant enhancement of DPTIP half-life (2 h vs ∼0.5 h). In a mouse model of acute brain injury, DPTIP released from P18 significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced EV release into plasma and attenuated nSMase2 activity. These studies report the discovery of a DPTIP prodrug with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindom Pal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Sadakatali Gori
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Seung-wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Ajit G. Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Jacob Friedman
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Harshit Bhasin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Corresponding Authors: . Tel: 410-502-0497. Fax: 410-614-0659 (R.R.), . Tel: 410-614-0662. Fax: 410-614-0659 (B.S.S.)
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA,Corresponding Authors: . Tel: 410-502-0497. Fax: 410-614-0659 (R.R.), . Tel: 410-614-0662. Fax: 410-614-0659 (B.S.S.)
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7
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Pavlic A, Bahram Sangani N, Kerins J, Nicolaes G, Schurgers L, Reutelingsperger C. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 in the Release of Exosomes and Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169178. [PMID: 36012444 PMCID: PMC9409231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the pathological precipitation of calcium salts in the walls of blood vessels. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and their associated mortality. VC can be observed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and is most prominent in diseases that are associated with dysregulated mineral homeostasis such as in chronic kidney disease. Local factors and mechanisms underlying VC are still incompletely understood, but it is appreciated that VC is a multifactorial process in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role. VSMCs participate in VC by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), the extent, composition, and propensity to calcify of which depend on VSMC phenotype and microenvironment. Currently, no targeted therapy is available to treat VC. In-depth knowledge of molecular players of EV release and the understanding of their mechanisms constitute a vital foundation for the design of pharmacological treatments to combat VC effectively. This review highlights our current knowledge of VSMCs in VC and focuses on the biogenesis of exosomes and the role of the neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pavlic
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kerins
- University College Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-388-1533
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Bierman-Duquette RD, Safarians G, Huang J, Rajput B, Chen JY, Wang ZZ, Seidlits SK. Engineering Tissues of the Central Nervous System: Interfacing Conductive Biomaterials with Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101577. [PMID: 34808031 PMCID: PMC8986557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials provide an important control for engineering neural tissues, where electrical stimulation can potentially direct neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) maturation into functional neuronal networks. It is anticipated that stem cell-based therapies to repair damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissues and ex vivo, "tissue chip" models of the CNS and its pathologies will each benefit from the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and conductive biomaterials. Here, technological advances in conductive biomaterials are reviewed over the past two decades that may facilitate the development of engineered tissues with integrated physiological and electrical functionalities. First, one briefly introduces NS/PCs of the CNS. Then, the significance of incorporating microenvironmental cues, to which NS/PCs are naturally programmed to respond, into biomaterial scaffolds is discussed with a focus on electrical cues. Next, practical design considerations for conductive biomaterials are discussed followed by a review of studies evaluating how conductive biomaterials can be engineered to control NS/PC behavior by mimicking specific functionalities in the CNS microenvironment. Finally, steps researchers can take to move NS/PC-interfacing, conductive materials closer to clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bushra Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ze Zhong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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9
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Zhang P, Rasheed M, Liang J, Wang C, Feng L, Chen Z. Emerging Potential of Exosomal Non-coding RNA in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:819836. [PMID: 35360206 PMCID: PMC8960858 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.819836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released by cells and circulate freely in body fluids. Under physiological and pathological conditions, they serve as cargo for various biological substances such as nucleotides (DNA, RNA, ncRNA), lipids, and proteins. Recently, exosomes have been revealed to have an important role in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative illnesses, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). When secreted from damaged neurons, these exosomes are enriched in non-coding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) and display wide distribution characteristics in the brain and periphery, bridging the gap between normal neuronal function and disease pathology. However, the current status of ncRNAs carried in exosomes regulating neuroprotection and PD pathogenesis lacks a systematic summary. Therefore, this review discussed the significance of ncRNAs exosomes in maintaining the normal neuron function and their pathogenic role in PD progression. Additionally, we have emphasized the importance of ncRNAs exosomes as potential non-invasive diagnostic and screening agents for the early detection of PD. Moreover, bioengineered exosomes are proposed to be used as drug carriers for targeted delivery of RNA interference molecules across the blood-brain barrier without immune system interference. Overall, this review highlighted the diverse characteristics of ncRNA exosomes, which may aid researchers in characterizing future exosome-based biomarkers for early PD diagnosis and tailored PD medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Madiha Rasheed
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhan Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chaolei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Feng,
| | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Zixuan Chen,
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10
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Environmental Nanoparticles Reach Human Fetal Brains. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020410. [PMID: 35203619 PMCID: PMC8962421 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial and natural nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous. Normal term, preeclamptic, and postconceptional weeks(PCW) 8–15 human placentas and brains from polluted Mexican cities were analyzed by TEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We documented NPs in maternal erythrocytes, early syncytiotrophoblast, Hofbauer cells, and fetal endothelium (ECs). Fetal ECs exhibited caveolar NP activity and widespread erythroblast contact. Brain ECs displayed micropodial extensions reaching luminal NP-loaded erythroblasts. Neurons and primitive glia displayed nuclear, organelle, and cytoplasmic NPs in both singles and conglomerates. Nanoscale Fe, Ti, and Al alloys, Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si were detected in placentas and fetal brains. Preeclamptic fetal blood NP vesicles are prospective neonate UFPM exposure biomarkers. NPs are reaching brain tissues at the early developmental PCW 8–15 stage, and NPs in maternal and fetal placental tissue compartments strongly suggests the placental barrier is not limiting the access of environmental NPs. Erythroblasts are the main early NP carriers to fetal tissues. The passage of UFPM/NPs from mothers to fetuses is documented and fingerprinting placental single particle composition could be useful for postnatal risk assessments. Fetal brain combustion and industrial NPs raise medical concerns about prenatal and postnatal health, including neurological and neurodegenerative lifelong consequences.
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Wang K, Li Y, Ren C, Wang Y, He W, Jiang Y. Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Treatment Strategy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754630. [PMID: 34858980 PMCID: PMC8632491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal motor neuron degenerative disease, and it is hard to diagnose in the early stage, and treatment means are limited, and the treatment effect is unsatisfactory. Therefore, exploring a new effective treatment strategy is urgently needed for ALS patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of natural membrane vesicles containing many bioactive substances, and they play important roles in the paracrine pathway and exhibit neuroprotection effects. A growing body of evidence shows that EVs have great application potential in diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery in ALS, and they represent an innovative treatment strategy for ALS. In this review, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis of EVs and focus on discussing the role of EVs in ALS treatment to further enrich and boost the development of EVs as an innovative treatment strategy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Li
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenshan He
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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12
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Perspectives and challenges in extracellular vesicles untargeted metabolomics analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Chung DD, Pinson MR, Bhenderu LS, Lai MS, Patel RA, Miranda RC. Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Fetal Development, Adolescence, and Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168785. [PMID: 34445488 PMCID: PMC8395909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can have immediate and long-lasting toxic and teratogenic effects on an individual’s development and health. As a toxicant, alcohol can lead to a variety of physical and neurological anomalies in the fetus that can lead to behavioral and other impairments which may last a lifetime. Recent studies have focused on identifying mechanisms that mediate the immediate teratogenic effects of alcohol on fetal development and mechanisms that facilitate the persistent toxic effects of alcohol on health and predisposition to disease later in life. This review focuses on the contribution of epigenetic modifications and intercellular transporters like extracellular vesicles to the toxicity of PAE and to immediate and long-term consequences on an individual’s health and risk of disease.
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14
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Bahram Sangani N, Gomes AR, Curfs LMG, Reutelingsperger CP. The role of Extracellular Vesicles during CNS development. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102124. [PMID: 34314775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With a diverse set of neuronal and glial cell populations, Central Nervous System (CNS) has one of the most complex structures in the body. Intercellular communication is therefore highly important to coordinate cell-to-cell interactions. Besides electrical and chemical messengers, CNS cells also benefit from another communication route, what is known as extracellular vesicles, to harmonize their interactions. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and their subtype exosomes are membranous particles secreted by cells and contain information packaged in the form of biomolecules such as small fragments of DNA, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. They are able to efficiently drive changes upon their arrival to recipient cells. EVs actively participate in all stages of CNS development by stimulating neural cell proliferation, differentiation, synaptic formation, and mediating reciprocal interactions between neurons and oligodendrocyte for myelination process. The aim of the present review is to enlighten the presence and contribution of EVs at each CNS developmental milestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ana Rita Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Leopold M G Curfs
- GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Chris P Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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15
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Utz J, Berner J, Muñoz LE, Oberstein TJ, Kornhuber J, Herrmann M, Maler JM, Spitzer P. Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Contains Increased Percentages of Synaptophysin-Bearing Microvesicles. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:682115. [PMID: 34295239 PMCID: PMC8290128 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.682115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Alzheimer’s disease, the severity of symptoms is linked to a loss of synaptic density and the spread of pathologically hyperphosphorylated tau. The established cerebrospinal fluid markers Aβ, tau and phospho-tau reflect the histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease but do not indicate disease progression. Such markers are of special interest, especially for trials of disease modifying drugs. Microvesicles are produced by stressed cells and reflect part of the metabolism of their cells of origin. Therefore, we investigated microvesicles of neuronal origin in cerebrospinal fluid. Materials and Methods We used flow cytometry to analyze microvesicles carrying tau, phospho-tau-Thr181, phospho-tau-Ser202Thr205, synaptophysin, and SNAP-25 in the cerebrospinal fluid of 19 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 15 non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. Results The percentages of synaptophysin-bearing microvesicles were significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease than in the CSF of non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. Tau, phospho-tau-Thr181, phospho-tau-Ser202Thr205, and SNAP-25 did not differ between the groups. The percentages of synaptophysin-bearing vesicles distinguished patients with Alzheimer’s disease from the controls (AUC = 0.81). Conclusion The loss of synapses in Alzheimer’s disease may be reflected by synaptophysin-bearing microvesicles in the cerebrospinal fluid. Future studies are needed to investigate the possibility of using these MVs as a marker to determine the activity of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Utz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Berner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083904. [PMID: 33918880 PMCID: PMC8068855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles ranging from 20–200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that are discharged and taken in by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature and quantity of their content—which generally includes proteins, lipids as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), and DNA—these particles can bring about functional modifications in the receiving cells. During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest in discovering their clinical significance. To date, various studies have associated variations in the circulating levels of maternal and fetal EVs and their contents, with complications including gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, ultimately leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, EVs have also been identified as messengers and important players in viral infections during pregnancy, as well as in various congenital malformations. Their presence can be detected in the maternal blood from the first trimester and their level increases towards term, thus acting as liquid biopsies that give invaluable insight into the status of the feto-placental unit. However, their exact roles in the metabolic and vascular adaptations associated with physiological and pathological pregnancy is still under investigation. Analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles available in online databases, the purpose of this review is to synthesize current knowledge regarding the utility of quantification of pregnancy related EVs in general and placental EVs in particular as non-invasive evidence of placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to develop the current understanding of these particles and their applicability in clinical practice.
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Sun H, Su X, Li S, Mu D, Qu Y. Roles of glia-derived extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: an update. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:833-849. [PMID: 33792214 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous vesicles secreted by various cells in the extracellular space. Accumulating evidence shows that EVs regulate cell-to-cell communication and signaling in the pathological processes of various diseases by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Glia-derived EVs act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. They may be vectors for the spread of diseases or act as effective clearance systems to protect tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies on glia-derived EVs with a focus on their relationships with CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
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Prospects and Limitations Related to the Use of MicroRNA as a Biomarker of Epilepsy in Children: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010026. [PMID: 33406636 PMCID: PMC7824581 DOI: 10.3390/life11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in children. There is an unmet need for new objective methods that would facilitate and accelerate the diagnostic process, thus improving the prognosis. In many studies, the participation of microRNA in epileptogenesis has been confirmed. Therefore, it seems to be a promising candidate for this role. Scientists show the possibility of using microRNAs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Children with epilepsy would benefit particularly from the use of this innovative method. However, the number of studies related to this age group is very limited. This review is based on 10 studies in children and summarizes the information collected from studies on animal models and the adult population. A total of 136 manuscripts were included in the analysis. The aim of the review was to facilitate the design of studies in children and to draw attention to the challenges and traps related to the analysis of the results. Our review suggests a high potential for the use of microRNAs and the need for further research.
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