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Fatima N, Yaqoob S, Rana S, Hameed A, Mirza MR, Jabeen A. In vitro photoprotective potential of aryl-sandwiched (thio)semicarbazones against UVA mediated cellular and DNA damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 251:112841. [PMID: 38194816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent solar ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation. It is the inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a potent mediator of inflammation and photocarcinogenesis. Regular application of sunscreens containing UVA filters is an effective preventive measure in mitigating the risk associated with the formation of dermal carcinoma. Therefore, the development of new photoprotective agents is of great need. The current work examined the in vitro photoprotection of the aryl-linked (thio)semicarbazone derivatives against UVA-mediated DNA damage, inflammation, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and ROS. Except for the inflammatory cytokine assay, which was carried out on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line, all tests were conducted on the human dermal fibroblast (BJ) cell line. In comparison to benzophenone (reference compound), the compound (2Z, 2'Z)-2,2'-(1,3-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) (DD-21) demonstrated considerable protection against UVA-induced damage. Compared to the UVA-irradiated control, DD-21 significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS (p < 0.001). In the presence of DD-21, the release of UVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that DD-21 protected the cells from UVA-mediated DNA strand breaks and also inhibited the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) upon comparison to the UVA-exposed control cells (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that DD-21 exhibits remarkable photoprotective properties, thus demonstrating its potential as a candidate UVA filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fatima
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Soares PRO, Passos DCS, da Silva FM, da Silva-Giardini APB, Coelho NP, de Oliveira CMA, Kato L, da Silva CC, Guillo L. In vitro antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of thiosemicarbazones based on (-)-camphene and R-(+)-limonene in human melanoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295012. [PMID: 38032914 PMCID: PMC10688736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 38 thiosemicarbazone derivatives based on camphene and limonene were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Among them, 19 were synthesized and characterized using proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). For initial compound selection, human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-37) were exposed to a single concentration of a compound (100 μM) for 24, 48, and 72 hours, and cell detachment was visually observed. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Nineteen compounds (4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 31, 3', 4', 6', and 9') yielded cell viability below 20%. Subsequently, IC50 values for these compounds were determined, ranging from 11.56 to 55.38 μM, after 72 hours of treatment. Compound 17 (o-hydroxybenzaldehyde (-)-camphene-based thiosemicarbazone) demonstrated the lowest IC50 value, followed by compound 4 (benzaldehyde (-) camphene-based thiosemicarbazone) at 12.84 μM. Regarding compound 4, we observed the induction of a characteristic ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation through gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, fluorescence, flow cytometry and scanning microscopy assays revealed morphological changes consistent with apoptosis induction. Additionally, the measurement of caspase 6 and 8 activity in cellular extracts after treatment for 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours suggested the potential involvement of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in the mechanism of action of compound 4. Further investigations, including molecular docking studies, are required to fully explore the potential of compound 4 and the other selected compounds, highlighting their promising role in future melanoma therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Roberta Otaviano Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Souza Passos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Francielly Moreira da Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Narcimário Pereira Coelho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul, Nova Andradina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Lucília Kato
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Lidia Guillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Climova A, Pivovarova E, Szczesio M, Gobis K, Ziembicka D, Korga-Plewko A, Kubik J, Iwan M, Antos-Bielska M, Krzyżowska M, Czylkowska A. Anticancer and antimicrobial activity of new copper (II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112108. [PMID: 36592510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three new organic ligands N'-(benzylidene)-6-chloropyrazine-2-carbohydrazonamide (L1), 6-chloro-N'-(4-nitrobenzylidene)picolinohydrazonamide(L2), and N'-(benzylidene)-4-chloropicolinohydrazonamide (L3) and three copper coordination compounds (Cu(L1)Cl2, Cu(L2)Cl2 and Cu(L3)Cl2) based on them were synthesized. All obtained compounds were characterized using appropriate analytical techniques: elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and flame-atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). These methods of physicochemical analyses helped to assume that the complexation in three cases proceeds in a bidentate manner. The X-ray investigation confirmed the synthesis pathway and molecular structures for L1 and L3 ligands. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained compounds was then comprehensively investigated, where Cu(L3)Cl2 showed the strongest antibacterial properties against all tested bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli). LN229 human glioma cells and BJ human normal fibroblasts cells were treated with tested compounds and their cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTT test. The effect of complexing on antitumor activity has been investigated. The ligand L1 and its complex showed similar activity against normal cells while complexation increases toxicity against cancer cells in concentrations of 50 and 100 μM. For the one pair of ligand/complex compounds the apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis and gene expression analysis (qRT-PCR) were performed. Cu(L1)Cl2 showed the stronger toxic effect in comparison with L1 due to the population of early apoptotic cells which revealed metabolic activity in MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Climova
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ekaterina Pivovarova
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Ziembicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kubik
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Iwan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 8, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Antos-Bielska
- Department of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Krzyżowska
- Department of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czylkowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Iffah Fitri Idelfttri N, Nadia Dzulkifli N, Ain Nabilah Ash'ari N, Sapari S, Ilyana Abdul Razak F, Hidayah Pungot N. Synthesis, Characterisation and Corrosion Inhibitory Study of Meldrum’s Acid Thiosemicarbazone: Weight Loss, SEM-EDX And DFT. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Humeniuk E, Adamczuk G, Kubik J, Adamczuk K, Józefczyk A, Korga-Plewko A. Cardioprotective Effect of Centaurea castriferrei Borbás & Waisb Extract against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in H9c2 Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010420. [PMID: 36615632 PMCID: PMC9824364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, a continual problem that is associated with its application in therapeutic regimens is the development of dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. The progression of this process is associated with a range of different mechanisms, but especially with the high level of oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the water and methanol-water extracts from the plant Centaurea castriferrei (CAS) obtained by the ultrasound-assisted extraction method on the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. The H9c2 cells were treated for 48 h with the DOX and water or methanol-water extracts, or a combination (DOX + CAS H2O/CAS MeOH). The MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis detection revealed that both the tested extracts significantly abolished the cytotoxic effect caused by DOX. Moreover, the detection of oxidative stress by the CellROX reagent, the evaluation of the number of AP sites, and the expressions of the genes related to the oxidative stress defense showed substantial reductions in the oxidative stress levels in the H9c2 cells treated with the combination of DOX and CAS H2O/CAS MeOH compared with the DOX administered alone. The tested extracts did not affect the cytotoxic effect of DOX on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The obtained results constitute the basis for further research in the context of the application of C. castriferrei extracts as adjuvants in the therapy regiments of cancer patients treated with DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Humeniuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-6520
| | - Joanna Kubik
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Adamczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Józefczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewski Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Sykuła A, Nowak A, Garribba E, Dzeikala A, Rowińska-Żyrek M, Czerwińska J, Maniukiewicz W, Łodyga-Chruścińska E. Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Activity of Hesperetin Schiff Bases and Their Cu(II) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010761. [PMID: 36614204 PMCID: PMC9821237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The three Schiff base ligands, derivatives of hesperetin, HHSB (N-[2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-ylidene]isonicotinohydrazide), HIN (N-[2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-ylidene]benzhydrazide) and HTSC (N-[2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-ylidene]thiosemicarbazide) and their copper complexes, CuHHSB, CuHIN, and CuHTSC were designed, synthesized and analyzed in terms of their spectral characterization and the genotoxic activity. Their structures were established using several methods: elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, EPR, and ESI-MS. Spectral data showed that in the acetate complexes the tested Schiff bases act as neutral tridentate ligand coordinating to the copper ion through two oxygen (or oxygen and sulphur) donor atoms and a nitrogen donor atom. EPR measurements indicate that in solution the complexes keep their structures with the ligands remaining bound to copper(II) in a tridentate fashion with (O-, N, Oket) or (O-, N, S) donor set. The genotoxic activity of the compounds was tested against model tumour (HeLa and Caco-2) and normal (LLC-PK1) cell lines. In HeLa cells the genotoxicity for all tested compounds was noticed, for HHSB and CuHHSB was the highest, for HTSC and CuHTSC-the lowest. Generally, Cu complexes displayed lower genotoxicity to HeLa cells than ligands. In the case of Caco-2 cell line HHSB and HTSC induced the strongest breaks to DNA. On the other side, CuHHSB and CuHTSC induced the highest DNA damage against LLC-PK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sykuła
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Aliaksandr Dzeikala
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Czerwińska
- Department of Occupational Safety Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Łodyga-Chruścińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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New Derivatives of 5-((1-Methyl-Pyrrol-2-yl) Methyl)-4-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-1,2,4-Triazoline-3-Thione and Its Coordination Compounds with Anticancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169162. [PMID: 36012425 PMCID: PMC9409456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new ligand 5-((1-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl) methyl)-4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3-thione (C15) and its metal complexes with formulae: Mn(C15)Cl2MeOH (1), Fe(C15)Cl2MeOH (2), Ni(C15)Cl2MeOH (3), Cu(C15)2Cl2 (4) and Zn(C15)4Cl2 (5) have been synthesized. The C15 ligand and complexes were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, EPR, magnetic and TGA studies. The anticancer activities of the organic ligand (C15) and complexes (1–5) were evaluated against human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The complex (1) exhibited potential activity at concentration of 794.37 μM (A549) and 654.31 μM (HT29) in both cancer cells. The complex (3) showed significant activity against the HT29 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 1064.05 μM. This article highlights some of the metals that have become important in the development of new coordination complexes and the treatment of cancer. Additionally, for C15, the toxicity was predicted by ADMET analysis and molecular docking.
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Kozyra P, Krasowska D, Pitucha M. New Potential Agents for Malignant Melanoma Treatment-Most Recent Studies 2020-2022. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6084. [PMID: 35682764 PMCID: PMC9180979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal skin cancer. Despite a 4% reduction in mortality over the past few years, an increasing number of new diagnosed cases appear each year. Long-term therapy and the development of resistance to the drugs used drive the search for more and more new agents with anti-melanoma activity. This review focuses on the most recent synthesized anti-melanoma agents from 2020-2022. For selected agents, apart from the analysis of biological activity, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) is also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the following literature review delivers the latest achievements in the field of new anti-melanoma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Oxygen Binding by Co(II) Complexes with Oxime-Containing Schiff Bases in Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105492. [PMID: 35628301 PMCID: PMC9145731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the complexation properties of two oxime-containing Schiff bases (used as ligands), viz. 2-hydroxyimino-N′-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]propanohydrazone (Hpop) and 2-hydroxyimino-N′-[(pyridine-2-yl)methylidene]propanohydrazone (Hpoa), with Co(II) ions in DMSO/water solution. Volumetric (oxygenation) studies were carried out to determine the uptake of molecular oxygen O2 in the formation of the complexes Co(II)-Hpop and Co(II)-Hpoa. The acquired data can be useful in the development of oxygen bioinorganic complexes of metal ions with Schiff base ligands in solution. Their properties allow them to be used as synthetic oxygen transporters. Moreover, the binding of dioxygen could play an important role in the research of catalytic activity by such systems.
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Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084377. [PMID: 35457194 PMCID: PMC9024768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of metal complexes for health and healing has been in use for over the last several millennia and perhaps longer [...].
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Synthesis, Structure, and Antiproliferative Action of 2-Pyridyl Urea-Based Cu(II) Complexes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020461. [PMID: 35203671 PMCID: PMC8962293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Relying on a recently suggested protocol that furnishes convenient access to variously substituted 2-pyridyl ureas, twelve hitherto unknown Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized in the present work and their structures were evaluated by elemental analysis, HRMS, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction study. Two structural motifs ([Cu(L)2Cl]+[Cl]− or (Cu(L)2Cl2) depending on the substitution pattern on the 2-pyridine fragment were revealed. In addition, antiproliferative action of the obtained compounds have been investigated against lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H1975), and healthy WI-26 VA4 cells were used to monitor non-specific cytotoxicity. Two nitro-group substituted complexes Cu(U3)2Cl2 (IC50 = 39.6 ± 4.5 μM) and Cu(U11)2Cl2 (IC50 = 33.4 ± 3.8 μM) demonstrate enhanced activity against the drug resistant NCI-H1975 cells with moderate selectivity toward normal WI-26 VA4 cells. The antiproliferative mechanism of cell death underlying the growth inhibitory effect of the synthesized complexes was studied via additional experiments, including the cell cycle analysis and the apoptosis induction test. Reassuringly, certain 2-pyridyl urea-based Cu(II) complexes exerted cell line-specific antiproliferative effect which renders them valuable starting points for further unveiling the anticancer potential of this class of coordination compounds.
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Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031247. [PMID: 35163169 PMCID: PMC8835618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of drugs and dietary molecules and their role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis, as well as the implications in health and different diseases, have not yet been fully evaluated. In particular, the redox activity and other interactions of drugs with essential redox metal ions, such as iron and copper, need further investigation. These metal ions are ubiquitous in human nutrition but also widely found in dietary supplements and appear to exert major effects on redox homeostasis in health, but also on many diseases of free radical pathology. In this context, the redox mechanistic insights of mainly three prototype groups of drugs, namely alpha-ketohydroxypyridines (alpha-hydroxypyridones), e.g., deferiprone, anthraquinones, e.g., doxorubicin and thiosemicarbazones, e.g., triapine and their metal complexes were examined; details of the mechanisms of their redox activity were reviewed, with emphasis on the biological implications and potential clinical applications, including anticancer activity. Furthermore, the redox properties of these three classes of chelators were compared to those of the iron chelating drugs and also to vitamin C, with an emphasis on their potential clinical interactions and future clinical application prospects in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.
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13
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Kozyra P, Korga-Plewko A, Karczmarzyk Z, Hawrył A, Wysocki W, Człapski M, Iwan M, Ostrowska-Leśko M, Fornal E, Pitucha M. Potential Anticancer Agents against Melanoma Cells Based on an As-Synthesized Thiosemicarbazide Derivative. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020151. [PMID: 35204651 PMCID: PMC8961551 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, thiosemicarbazide derivatives were synthesized as potential anticancer agents. X-ray investigations for 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl) thiosemicarbazide, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(4-metylothiophenyl)thiosemicarbazide and 1-(2,4-di chlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiosemicarbazide were carried out in order to confirm the synthesis pathways, identify their tautomeric forms, analyze the conformational preferences of molecules, and identify intra- and intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state. TLC and RP-HPLC analyses were used to determine lipophilicity. The lipophilicity analysis revealed that the 4-substituted halogen derivatives of thiosemicarbazides showed greater lipophilicity compared with 2-substituted derivatives. The optimal range of lipophilicity for biologically active compounds logkw is between 4.14 and 4.78. However, as the analysis showed, it is not a decisive parameter. The cytotoxicity of the new compounds was evaluated against both the G-361 and BJ cell lines. Cytotoxicity analyses and cell-cycle and cell apoptosis assays were performed. The MTT test demonstrated that three compounds were cytotoxic to melanoma cells and not toxic to normal fibroblasts in the concentration range used. The cell cycle analysis showed that the compounds had no significant effect on the cell cycle inhibition. An extensive gene expression analysis additionally revealed that all compounds tested downregulated the expression of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). DHODH is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines. Due to the rapid rate of cancer cell proliferation and the increased demand for nucleotide synthesis, it has become a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Hawrył
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Michał Człapski
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland; (Z.K.); (W.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Iwan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (M.I.); (M.O.-L.)
| | - Marta Ostrowska-Leśko
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland; (M.I.); (M.O.-L.)
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-72-40
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14
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New thiosemicarbazone-based Zinc(II) complexes. In vitro cytotoxicity competing with cisplatin on malignant melanoma A375 cells and its relation to neuraminidase inhibition. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109757. [PMID: 34848165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New thiosemicarbazone-based zinc(II) complexes were synthesized to study their cytotoxicity on A375 malignant melanoma cells. The complexes containing salicylidene (Zn1a), 3-methoxy-salicylidene (Zn1b) or 4-methoxy-salicylidene (Zn1c) moiety were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Anticancer potential of the complexes was determined by MTT test and HUVEC endothelial cells line was used to comprehend the effect on normal cells. Zn1b with an IC50 of 13 μM was found to be highly cytotoxic against A375 cancer cells, more effective than cisplatin (IC50: 37 μM). Zn1a and Zn1c did not have a negative effect on cell viability in the normal cells and gave the impression that they are more advantageous than cisplatin in this respect. Further, the ability of Zn1a-c to inhibit neuraminidase enzyme and its role in cytotoxicity was discussed. The test revealed that the Zn1b with 3-methoxy substituent exhibited higher inhibition activity against the neuraminidase than the Zn1a and Zn1c as analogical to the cytotoxicity results. In neuraminidase inhibition, IC50 values of Zn1b and Zn1c were 14 and 66 μM, respectively. These concentrations were very close to the cytotoxicity concentrations for Zn1b and Zn1c. The findings may indicate the role of neuraminidase enzyme inhibition in cell death for Zn1b and Zn1c.
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15
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Kotynia A, Wiatrak B, Kamysz W, Neubauer D, Jawień P, Marciniak A. Cationic Peptides and Their Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes: Coordination and Biological Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112028. [PMID: 34769458 PMCID: PMC8584440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are a promising group of compounds used for the treatment of infections. In some cases, metal ions are essential to activate these molecules. Examples of metalloantibiotics are, for instance, bleomycin and dermcidin. This study is focused on three new pseudopeptides with potential biological activity. The coordination behavior of all ligands with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions has been examined. Various analytical methods such as potentiometric titration, UV-Vis and CD spectroscopies, and mass spectrometry were used. All compounds are convenient chelators for metal ion-binding. Two of the ligands tested have histidine residues. Surprisingly, imidazole nitrogen is not involved in the coordination of the metal ion. The N-terminal amino group, Dab side chains, and amide nitrogen atoms of the peptide bonds coordinated Cu(II) and Ni(II) in all the complexes formed. The cytotoxicity of three pseudopeptides and their complexes was evaluated. Moreover, their other model allowed for assessing the attenuation of LPS-induced cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities were also evaluated, the results of which revealed to be very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kotynia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.M.); Tel.: +48-71-784-03-35 (A.K.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (W.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (W.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.W.); (P.J.)
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Marciniak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.M.); Tel.: +48-71-784-03-35 (A.K.)
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16
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Abdelrahman S, Alghrably M, Campagna M, Hauser CAE, Jaremko M, Lachowicz JI. Metal Complex Formation and Anticancer Activity of Cu(I) and Cu(II) Complexes with Metformin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164730. [PMID: 34443319 PMCID: PMC8401132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for decades in millions of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In this time, correlations between metformin use and the occurrence of other disorders have been noted, as well as unpredictable metformin side effects. Diabetes is a significant cancer risk factor, but unexpectedly, metformin-treated diabetic patients have lower cancer incidence. Here, we show that metformin forms stable complexes with copper (II) ions. Both copper(I)/metformin and copper(II)/metformin complexes form adducts with glutathione, the main intracellular antioxidative peptide, found at high levels in cancer cells. Metformin reduces cell number and viability in SW1222 and K562 cells, as well as in K562-200 multidrug-resistant cells. Notably, the antiproliferative effect of metformin is enhanced in the presence of copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mawadda Alghrably
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Charlotte Armgard Emma Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (C.A.E.H.); (M.J.); (J.I.L.)
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (C.A.E.H.); (M.J.); (J.I.L.)
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.A.E.H.); (M.J.); (J.I.L.)
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