1
|
D'Incà R, Mattioli R, Tomasella M, Tavazza R, Macone A, Incocciati A, Martignago D, Polticelli F, Fraudentali I, Cona A, Angelini R, Tavazza M, Nardini A, Tavladoraki P. A Solanum lycopersicum polyamine oxidase contributes to the control of plant growth, xylem differentiation, and drought stress tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38761363 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are involved in several plant physiological processes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, five FAD-dependent polyamine oxidases (AtPAO1 to AtPAO5) contribute to polyamine homeostasis. AtPAO5 catalyzes the back-conversion of thermospermine (T-Spm) to spermidine and plays a role in plant development, xylem differentiation, and abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, to verify whether T-Spm metabolism can be exploited as a new route to improve stress tolerance in crops and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) AtPAO5 homologs were identified (SlPAO2, SlPAO3, and SlPAO4) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss-of-function slpao3 mutants were obtained. Morphological, molecular, and physiological analyses showed that slpao3 mutants display increased T-Spm levels and exhibit changes in growth parameters, number and size of xylem elements, and expression levels of auxin- and gibberellin-related genes compared to wild-type plants. The slpao3 mutants are also characterized by improved tolerance to drought stress, which can be attributed to a diminished xylem hydraulic conductivity that limits water loss, as well as to a reduced vulnerability to embolism. Altogether, this study evidences conservation, though with some significant variations, of the T-Spm-mediated regulatory mechanisms controlling plant growth and differentiation across different plant species and highlights the T-Spm role in improving stress tolerance while not constraining growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo D'Incà
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Tomasella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaela Tavazza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), BIOAG-BIOTEC C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Tavazza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), BIOAG-BIOTEC C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Wang S, Guo F, Xia P. Genome-wide identification of polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis genes in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and their responses to low-temperature stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:370. [PMID: 38627628 PMCID: PMC11020822 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is valued for its nutritional richness. However, pre-harvest sprouting poses a significant threat to yield and grain quality. This study aims to enhance our understanding of pre-harvest sprouting mitigation strategies, specifically through delayed sowing and avoiding rainy seasons during quinoa maturation. The overarching goal is to identify cold-resistant varieties and unravel the molecular mechanisms behind the low-temperature response of quinoa. We employed bioinformatics and genomics tools for a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of polyamines (PAs) and ethylene synthesis gene families in quinoa under low-temperature stress. RESULTS This involved the identification of 37 PA biosynthesis and 30 PA catabolism genes, alongside 227 ethylene synthesis. Structural and phylogenetic analyses showcased conserved patterns, and subcellular localization predictions indicated diverse cellular distributions. The results indicate that the PA metabolism of quinoa is closely linked to ethylene synthesis, with multiple genes showing an upregulation in response to cold stress. However, differential expression within gene families suggests a nuanced regulatory network. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study contributes valuable insights for the functional characterization of the PA metabolism and ethylene synthesis of quinoa, which emphasize their roles in plant low-temperature tolerance and providing a foundation for future research in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Fenggen Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China.
| | - Pan Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain Q, Ye T, Shang C, Li S, Nkoh JN, Li W, Hu Z. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase Gene Family in Mangrove Kandelia obovata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17312. [PMID: 38139139 PMCID: PMC10743698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) are known to have significant involvement in the process of polyamine catabolism, as well as serving crucial functions in plant development and response to abiotic stress. A genome-wide investigation of the CuAO protein family was previously carried out in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Six CuAO (KoCuAO1-KoCuAO6) genes were discovered for the first time in the Kandelia obovata (Ko) genome through a genome-wide analysis conducted to better understand the key roles of the CuAO gene family in Kandelia obovata. This study encompassed an investigation into various aspects of gene analysis, including gene characterization and identification, subcellular localization, chromosomal distributions, phylogenetic tree analysis, gene structure analysis, motif analysis, duplication analysis, cis-regulatory element identification, domain and 3D structural variation analysis, as well as expression profiling in leaves under five different treatments of copper (CuCl2). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these KoCuAOs, like sweet cherry, may be subdivided into three subgroups. Examining the chromosomal location revealed an unequal distribution of the KoCuAO genes across four out of the 18 chromosomes in Kandelia obovata. Six KoCuAO genes have coding regions with 106 and 159 amino acids and exons with 4 and 12 amino acids. Additionally, we discovered that the 2.5 kb upstream promoter region of the KoCuAOs predicted many cis elements linked to phytohormones and stress responses. According to the expression investigations, CuCl2 treatments caused up- and downregulation of all six genes. In conclusion, our work provides a comprehensive overview of the expression pattern and functional variety of the Kandelia obovata CuAO gene family, which will facilitate future functional characterization of each KoCuAO gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Z.H.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Sihui Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Z.H.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Z.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kokavcová A, Bokhari SNH, Mijovilovich A, Morina F, Lukačová Z, Kohanová J, Lux A, Küpper H. Copper and zinc accumulation, distribution, and tolerance in Pistia stratiotes L.; revealing the role of root caps. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 264:106731. [PMID: 37890272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by potentially toxic trace metals, such as copper or zinc, is global. Both Cu and Zn are essential microelements, which in higher concentrations become toxic. The aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes(L. has great potential for phytoremediation. Also, it has an unusually large and easily detachable root cap, which makes it a suitable model for studying the potential role of the root cap in metal uptake. Plant response to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu (0.1, 0.3, and 1 μM) and Zn (0.3, 1, and 3 μM) was investigated with the aim of studying their interaction and distribution at the root tissue level as well as revealing their tolerance mechanisms. Changes in the root anatomy and plant ionome were determined using light and fluorescence microscopy, ICP-MS, and μXRF imaging. Alterations in photosynthetic activity caused by Cu or Zn excesses were monitored by direct imaging of fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (OJIP). Fe and Mn were preferentially localized in the root cap, while Ca, Cu, Ni, and Zn were mainly in the root tip regardless of the Cu/Zn treatment. Translocation of Cu and Zn to the leaves increased with higher doses, however the translocation factor was the lowest in the highest treatments. Measurements of photosynthetic parameters showed a higher susceptibility of electron transport flux from QA to QB under increasing Cu than Zn supply. This, along with our findings regarding the root anatomy and the differences in Ca accumulation and distribution, led to the conclusion that P. stratiotes is more effective for Zn remediation than Cu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokavcová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Mijovilovich
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Filis Morina
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lukačová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Kohanová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexander Lux
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic; Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic.
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská 1760/31a, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu R, Shao S, Xie W, Guo Z, He Z, Li Y, Wang W, Zhong C, Shi S, Xu S. High-quality genome of a pioneer mangrove Laguncularia racemosa explains its advantages for intertidal zone reforestation. Mol Ecol Resour 2023. [PMID: 37688468 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration of mangrove ecosystems that became susceptible to recent habitat perturbations is crucial for tropical coast conservation. The white mangrove Laguncularia racemosa, a pioneer species inhabiting intertidal environments of the Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) region, has been used for reforestation in China for decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its fast growth and high adaptive potential remain unknown. Using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing, we completed a high-quality L. racemosa genome assembly covering 1105 Mb with scaffold N50 of 3.46 Mb. Genomic phylogeny shows that L. racemosa invaded intertidal zones during a period of global warming. Multi-level genomic convergence analyses between L. racemosa and three native dominant mangrove clades show that they experienced convergent changes in genes involved in nutrient absorption and high salinity tolerance. This may explain successful L. racemosa adaptation to stressful intertidal environments after introduction. Without recent whole-genome duplications or activated transposable elements, L. racemosa has retained many tandem gene duplications. Some of them are involved in auxin biosynthesis, intense light stress and cold stress response pathways, associated with L. racemosa's ability to grow fast under high light or cold conditions when used for reforestation. In summary, our study identifies shared mechanisms of intertidal environmental adaptation and unique genetic changes underlying fast growth in mangrove-unfavourable conditions and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of the white mangrove utility in ecological restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szepesi Á, Bakacsy L, Fehér A, Kovács H, Pálfi P, Poór P, Szőllősi R, Gondor OK, Janda T, Szalai G, Lindermayr C, Szabados L, Zsigmond L. L-Aminoguanidine Induces Imbalance of ROS/RNS Homeostasis and Polyamine Catabolism of Tomato Roots after Short-Term Salt Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1614. [PMID: 37627609 PMCID: PMC10451491 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamine (PA) catabolism mediated by amine oxidases is an important process involved in fine-tuning PA homeostasis and related mechanisms during salt stress. The significance of these amine oxidases in short-term responses to salt stress is, however, not well understood. In the present study, the effects of L-aminoguanidine (AG) on tomato roots treated with short-term salt stress induced by NaCl were studied. AG is usually used as a copper amine oxidase (CuAO or DAO) inhibitor. In our study, other alterations of PA catabolism, such as reduced polyamine oxidase (PAO), were also observed in AG-treated plants. Salt stress led to an increase in the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in tomato root apices, evidenced by in situ fluorescent staining and an increase in free PA levels. Such alterations were alleviated by AG treatment, showing the possible antioxidant effect of AG in tomato roots exposed to salt stress. PA catabolic enzyme activities decreased, while the imbalance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations displayed a dependence on stress intensity. These changes suggest that AG-mediated inhibition could dramatically rearrange PA catabolism and related reactive species backgrounds, especially the NO-related mechanisms. More studies are, however, needed to decipher the precise mode of action of AG in plants exposed to stress treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - László Bakacsy
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Attila Fehér
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Henrietta Kovács
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Péter Pálfi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.B.); (A.F.); (H.K.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik u.2., H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (O.K.G.); (T.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Tibor Janda
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik u.2., H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (O.K.G.); (T.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik u.2., H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (O.K.G.); (T.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.S.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afrouz M, Ahmadi-Nouraldinvand F, Elias SG, Alebrahim MT, Tseng TM, Zahedian H. Green synthesis of spermine coated iron nanoparticles and its effect on biochemical properties of Rosmarinus officinalis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:775. [PMID: 36641537 PMCID: PMC9840625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, aqueous spinach extract was used for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The surface of iron oxide nanoparticles was coated with spermine. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated using UV-Vis, TGA, FTIR, VSM, TEM, and DLS. The results showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical structure. The surface charge of the Fe3O4-NPs increased from -3.2 to 18.42 (mV) after Fe3O4 coating by spermine. In order to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on physicochemical properties of rosemary under drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the amount of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the use of spermine-coated iron nanoparticles can be useful in increasing resistance to drought stress in plants by increasing the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites. The biocompatibility of Nanoparticles in cell suspension was investigated. the ability of Fe3O4-SM NPs to interact with DNA and protect it against DNaseI and ultrasonic waves using agarose gel electrophoresis was studied. The ability of Fe3O4-SM to neutralize the negative charge of DNA and protect it against DNaseΙ and ultrasonic waves was confirmed using an agarose gel electrophoresis assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Afrouz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Sabry G Elias
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | | | - Te Ming Tseng
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - Hoda Zahedian
- Department of Deutsch-Sprachen, Volkshochschule, Gütersloh, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fraudentali I, Pedalino C, D’Incà R, Tavladoraki P, Angelini R, Cona A. Distinct role of AtCuAOβ- and RBOHD-driven H 2O 2 production in wound-induced local and systemic leaf-to-leaf and root-to-leaf stomatal closure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154431. [PMID: 37152169 PMCID: PMC10160378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight aliphatic compounds present in all living organisms and essential for cell growth and differentiation. The developmentally regulated and stress-induced copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) oxidize PAs to aminoaldehydes producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia. The Arabidopsis thaliana CuAOβ (AtCuAOβ) was previously reported to be involved in stomatal closure and early root protoxylem differentiation induced by the wound-signal MeJA via apoplastic H2O2 production, suggesting a role of this enzyme in water balance, by modulating xylem-dependent water supply and stomata-dependent water loss under stress conditions. Furthermore, AtCuAOβ has been shown to mediate early differentiation of root protoxylem induced by leaf wounding, which suggests a whole-plant systemic coordination of water supply and loss through stress-induced stomatal responses and root protoxylem phenotypic plasticity. Among apoplastic ROS generators, the D isoform of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) has been shown to be involved in stress-mediated modulation of stomatal closure as well. In the present study, the specific role of AtCuAOβ and RBOHD in local and systemic perception of leaf and root wounding that triggers stomatal closure was investigated at both injury and distal sites exploiting Atcuaoβ and rbohd insertional mutants. Data evidenced that AtCuAOβ-driven H2O2 production mediates both local and systemic leaf-to-leaf and root-to-leaf responses in relation to stomatal movement, Atcuaoβ mutants being completely unresponsive to leaf or root wounding. Instead, RBOHD-driven ROS production contributes only to systemic leaf-to-leaf and root-to-leaf stomatal closure, with rbohd mutants showing partial unresponsiveness in distal, but not local, responses. Overall, data herein reported allow us to hypothesize that RBOHD may act downstream of and cooperate with AtCuAOβ in inducing the oxidative burst that leads to systemic wound-triggered stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Cona,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Polyamine Oxidase-Generated Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Development and Adaptation: The Polyamine Oxidase-NADPH Oxidase Nexus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122488. [PMID: 36552696 PMCID: PMC9774701 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and regulation of cellular polyamine levels are crucial for living cells to maintain their homeostasis and function. Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) terminally catabolize polyamines or catalyse the back-conversion reactions when spermine is converted to spermidine and Spd to putrescine. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a by-product of both the catabolic and back-conversion processes. Pharmacological and genetic approaches have started to uncover the roles of PAO-generated H2O2 in various plant developmental and adaptation processes such as cell differentiation, senescence, programmed cell death, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. Many of these studies have revealed that the superoxide-generating Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) NADPH oxidases control the same processes either upstream or downstream of PAO action. Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that the two enzymes co-ordinately control the cellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. The intricate relationship between PAOs and RBOHs is also discussed, posing the hypothesis that these enzymes indirectly control each other's abundance/function via H2O2.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao X, Wen Z, Shang C, Cai X, Hou Q, Qiao G. Copper Amine Oxidase (CuAO)-Mediated Polyamine Catabolism Plays Potential Roles in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Fruit Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012112. [PMID: 36292969 PMCID: PMC9603101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) play important roles in PA catabolism, plant growth and development, and abiotic stress response. In order to better understand how PA affects cherry fruit, four potential PavCuAO genes (PavCuAO1–PavCuAO4) that are dispersed over two chromosomes were identified in the sweet cherry genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into three subclasses. RNA-seq analysis showed that the PavCuAO genes were tissue-specific and mostly highly expressed in flowers and young leaves. Many cis-elements associated with phytohormones and stress responses were predicted in the 2 kb upstream region of the promoter. The PavCuAOs transcript levels were increased in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatments, as well as abiotic stresses (NaCl, PEG, and cold). Quantitative fluorescence analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that the Put content fell, and the PavCuAO4 mRNA level rose as the sweet cherry fruit ripened. After genetically transforming Arabidopsis with PavCuAO4, the Put content in transgenic plants decreased significantly, and the expression of the ABA synthesis gene NCED was also significantly increased. At the same time, excessive H2O2 was produced in PavCuAO4 transiently expressed tobacco leaves. The above results strongly proved that PavCuAO4 can decompose Put and may promote fruit ripening by increasing the content of ABA and H2O2 while suppressing total free PA levels in the fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Short-Term Salicylic Acid Treatment Affects Polyamine Metabolism Causing ROS–NO Imbalance in Tomato Roots. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131670. [PMID: 35807622 PMCID: PMC9269310 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) can influence the polyamine metabolism in plants. Additionally, polyamines (PAs) can regulate the synthesis of SA, providing an exciting interplay between them not only in plant growth and development but also in biotic or abiotic stress conditions. The effect of SA on polyamine metabolism of leaves is well-studied but the root responses are rarely investigated. In this study, tomato roots were used to investigate the effect of short-term exposition of SA in two different concentrations, a sublethal 0.1 mM and a lethal 1 mM. To explore the involvement of SA in regulating PAs in roots, the degradation of PAs was also determined. As both SA and PAs can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, the balance of ROS and NO was analyzed in root tips. The results showed that 0.1 mM SA induced the production of higher PAs, spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), while 1 mM SA decreased the PA contents by activating degrading enzymes. Studying the ROS and NO levels in root tips, the ROS production was induced earlier than NO, consistent with all the investigated zones of roots. This study provides evidence for concentration-dependent rapid effects of SA treatments on polyamine metabolism causing an imbalance of ROS–NO in root tips.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kolupaev YE, Kokorev AI, Dmitriev AP. Polyamines: Involvement in Cellular Signaling and Plant Adaptation to the Effect of Abiotic Stressors. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang R, Liu M, Wang C, Liu Z, Xiang C, Lu X, Zhang X, Li X, Wang T, Gao L, Zhang W. Rootstock-scion exchanging mRNAs participate in the pathways of amino acids and fatty acid metabolism in cucumber under early chilling stress. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac031. [PMID: 35184197 PMCID: PMC9039506 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) often experiences chilling stress that limits their growth and productivity. Grafting is widely used to improve abiotic stress resistance by alternating a vigorous root system, suggesting there exists systemic signals communication between distant organs. mRNAs are reported to be evolving in fortification strategies by long-distance signaling when plants suffering from chilling stress. However, the potential function of mobile mRNAs alleviating chilling stress in grafted cucumber is still unknown. Here, the physiological changes, mobile mRNAs profiling, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in above- and underground tissues of all graft combinations of cucumber and pumpkin responding to chilling stress were established and analyzed comprehensively. The co-relationship between the cluster of chilling-induced pumpkin mobile mRNAs with Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Differentially Intensive Metabolites (DIMs) revealed that four key chilling-induced pumpkin mobile mRNAs were highly related to glycine, serine and threonine synthesis and fatty acid β-oxidative degradation metabolism in cucumber tissues of heterografts. The verification of mobile mRNAs, potential transport of metabolites and exogenous application of key metabolites of glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in cucumber seedlings confirmed that the role of mobile mRNAs in regulating chilling responses in grafted cucumber. Our results build a link between the long-distance mRNAs of chilling-tolerant pumpkin and the fatty acid β-oxidative degradation metabolism of chilling-sensitive cucumber. It helps to uncover the mechanism of signaling interaction between scion and stock responding to chilling tolerant in grafted cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruoyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenggang Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, HongHe University, Mengzi, Yunnan 661100, China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fraudentali I, Pedalino C, Tavladoraki P, Angelini R, Cona A. A New Player in Jasmonate-Mediated Stomatal Closure: The Arabidopsis thaliana Copper Amine Oxidase β. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123399. [PMID: 34943906 PMCID: PMC8699484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defence responses to adverse environmental conditions include different stress signalling, allowing plant acclimation and survival. Among these responses one of the most common, immediate, and effective is the modulation of the stomatal aperture, which integrates different transduction pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium (Ca2+), nitric oxide (NO), phytohormones and other signalling components. The Arabidopsis thaliana copper amine oxidases β (AtCuAOβ) encodes an apoplastic CuAO expressed in guard cells and root protoxylem tissues which oxidizes polyamines to aminoaldehydes with the production of H2O2 and ammonia. Here, its role in stomatal closure, signalled by the wound-associated phytohormone methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) was explored by pharmacological and genetic approaches. Obtained data show that AtCuAOβ tissue-specific expression is induced by MeJA, especially in stomata guard cells. Interestingly, two Atcuaoβ T-DNA insertional mutants are unresponsive to this hormone, showing a compromised MeJA-mediated stomatal closure compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Coherently, Atcuaoβ mutants also show compromised H2O2-production in guard cells upon MeJA treatment. Furthermore, the H2O2 scavenger N,N1-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and the CuAO-specific inhibitor 2-bromoethylamine (2-BrEtA) both reversed the MeJA-induced stomatal closure and the H2O2 production in WT plants. Our data suggest that AtCuAOβ is involved in the H2O2 production implicated in MeJA-induced stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fraudentali
- Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Chiara Pedalino
- Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Paraskevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (R.A.)
- Interuniversity Consortium National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (R.A.)
- Interuniversity Consortium National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy; (I.F.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (R.A.)
- Interuniversity Consortium National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5733-6360
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Zhang H. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as mediators in plant hypersensitive response and stomatal closure. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1985860. [PMID: 34668846 PMCID: PMC9208772 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1985860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have attracted considerable interest from plant pathologists since they regulate plant defenses via the hypersensitive response (HR) and stomatal closure. Here, we introduce the regulatory mechanisms of NO and ROS bursts and discuss the role of such bursts in HR and stomatal closure. It showed that epidermal sections of leaves respond to pathogens by the rapid and intense production of intracellular ROS and NO. Oxidative stress and H2O2 induce stomatal closure. Catalase and peroxidase-deficient plants are also hyperresponsive to pathogen invasion, suggesting a role for H2O2 in HR-mediated cell death. The analysis reveals that ROS and NO play important roles in stomatal closure and HR that involves multiple pathways. Therefore, multi-disciplinary and multi-omics combined analysis is crucial to the advancement of ROS and NO research and their role in plant defense mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huajian Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Physiological and Molecular Responses of 'Dusa' Avocado Rootstock to Water Stress: Insights for Drought Adaptation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102077. [PMID: 34685886 PMCID: PMC8537572 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Avocado consumption is increasing year by year, and its cultivation has spread to many countries with low water availability, which threatens the sustainability and profitability of avocado orchards. However, to date, there is not much information on the behavior of commercial avocado rootstocks against drought. The aim of this research was to evaluate the physiological and molecular responses of ‘Dusa’ avocado rootstock to different levels of water stress. Plants were deficit irrigated until soil water content reached 50% (mild-WS) and 25% (severe-WS) of field capacity. Leaf water potential (Ψw), net CO2 assimilation rates (AN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and plant transpiration rates significantly decreased under both WS treatments, reaching significantly lower values in severe-WS plants. After rewatering, mild- and severe-WS plants showed a fast recovery in most physiological parameters measured. To analyze root response to different levels of drought stress, a cDNA avocado stress microarray was carried out. Plants showed a wide transcriptome response linked to the higher degree of water stress, and functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed abundance of common sequences associated with water stress, as well as specific categories for mild-WS and severe-WS. DEGs previously linked to drought tolerance showed overexpression under both water stress levels, i.e., several transcription factors, genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) response, redox homeostasis, osmoprotection, and cell-wall organization. Taken altogether, physiological and molecular data highlight the good performance of ‘Dusa’ rootstock under low-water-availability conditions, although further water stress experiments must be carried out under field conditions.
Collapse
|