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Chen Q, Yi S, Yang L, Zhu L. Penetration pathways, influencing factors and predictive models for dermal absorption of exobiotic molecules: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172390. [PMID: 38608904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of the skin penetration pathways of xenobiotics, including metals, organic pollutants, and nanoparticles (NPs), with a particular focus on the methodologies employed to elucidate these penetration routes. The impacts of the physicochemical properties of exogenous substances and the properties of solvent carriers on the penetration efficiencies were discussed. Furthermore, the review outlines the steady-state and transient models for predicting the skin permeability of xenobiotics, emphasizing the models which enable realistic visualization of pharmaco-kinetic phenomena via detailed geometric representations of the skin microstructure, such as stratum corneum (SC) (bricks and mortar) and skin appendages (hair follicles and sebaceous gland units). Limitations of published research, gaps in current knowledge, and recommendations for future research are highlighted, providing insight for a better understanding of the skin penetration behavior of xenobiotics and associated health risks in practical application contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shujun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Sibgatullina G, Ramazanova I, Salnikov V, Stepanov A, Voloshina A, Sapunova A, Mustafina A, Petrov K, Samigullin D. Increased endocytosis rate and enhanced lysosomal pathway of silica-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles into M-HeLa cells compared with cultured primary motor neurons. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02283-z. [PMID: 38597938 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) enable their use as magnetic biosensors, targeted drug delivery, magnetothermia, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. Today, SPIONs are the only type of metal oxide nanoparticles approved for biomedical application. In this work, we analyzed the cellular response to the previously reported luminescent silica coated SPIONs of the two cell types: M-HeLa cells and primary motor neuron culture. Both internalization pathways and intracellular fate of SPIONs have been compared for these cell lines using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. We also applied a pharmacological approach to analyze the endocytosis pathways of SPIONs into the investigated cell lines. The penetration of SPIONs into M-HeLa cells is already noticeable within 30 s of incubation through both caveolin-dependent endocytosis and micropinocytosis. However, incubation for a longer time (1 h at least) is required for the internalization of SPIONs into motor neuron culture cells provided by dynamin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The intracellular colocalization assay reveals that the lysosomal internalization pathway of SPIONs is also dependent on the cell type. The lysosomal pathway is much more pronounced for M-HeLa cells compared with motor neurons. The emphasized differences in cellular responses of the two cell lines open up new opportunities in the application of SPIONs in the diagnostics and therapy of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. box 261, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Iliza Ramazanova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. box 261, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Vadim Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. box 261, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey Stepanov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia
| | - Asiya Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. box 261, Kazan, 420111, Russia
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. box 261, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
- Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named After A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan, 420111, Russia.
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Azadi M, David AE. Enhancing Ocular Drug Delivery: The Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Nanoparticles on the Mechanism of Their Uptake by Human Cornea Epithelial Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:429-441. [PMID: 38055935 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of nanoparticle size and surface chemistry on interactions of the nanoparticles with human cornea epithelial cells (HCECs). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were synthesized using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method and surface modified with mucoadhesive (alginate [ALG] and chitosan [CHS]) and mucopenetrative (polyethylene glycol [PEG]) polymers. Particles were found to be monodisperse (polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2), spherical, and with size and zeta potential ranging from 100 to 250 nm and from -25 to +15 mV, respectively. Evaluation of cytotoxicity with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that incubating cells with nanoparticles for 24 h at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL caused only mild toxicity (70-100% cell viability). Cellular uptake studies were conducted using an in vitro model developed with a monolayer of HCECs integrated with simulated mucosal solution. Evaluation of nanoparticle uptake revealed that energy-dependent endocytosis is the primary uptake mechanism. Among the different nanoparticles studied, 100 nm PLGA NPs and PEG-PLGA-150 NPs showed the highest levels of uptake by HCECs. Additionally, uptake studies in the presence of various inhibitors suggested that macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis are the dominant pathways. While clathrin-mediated endocytosis was found to also be partially responsible for nanoparticle uptake, phagocytosis did not play a role within the studied ranges of size and surface chemistries. These important findings could lead to improved nanoparticle-based formulations that could improve therapies for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Azadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Allan E David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Kadowaki R, Ogata F, Fushiki A, Daimyo S, Deguchi S, Otake H, Nagata M, Sasaki H, Kawasaki N, Nagai N. Skin absorption of felbinac solid nanoparticles in gel formulation containing l-menthol and carboxypolymethylene. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2023; 9:20. [PMID: 37277876 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-023-00290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to design an effective formulation to enhance the skin penetration, and nanotechnologies have been used in dermal and transdermal drug delivery. In this study, we prepared formulations (gels) containing l-menthol and felbinac (FEL) solid nanoparticles (FEL-NP gel) for topical application, and investigated the local and systemic absorption of the prepared FEL-NP gel. METHODS FEL solid nanoparticles were obtained by bead milling of FEL powder (microparticles), and a topical formulation (FEL-NP gel) consisting of 1.5% FEL solid nanoparticles), 2% carboxypolymethylene, 2% l-menthol, 0.5% methylcellulose, and 5% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (w/w %) were prepared. RESULTS The particle size of FEL nanoparticles was 20-200 nm. The released FEL concentration from FEL-NP gel was significantly higher than that from FEL gel without bead mill treatment (carboxypolymethylene gel in which FEL microparticles (MPs) instead of FEL nanoparticles were incorporated, FEL-MP gel), and FEL was released as nanoparticles from the gel. Moreover, both transdermal penetration and percutaneous absorption of FEL-NP gel were significantly increased compared with those of FEL-MP gel, and the area under the FEL concentration-time curve (AUC) of FEL-NP gels was 1.52- and 1.38-fold of commercially available FEL ointment and FEL-MP gel, respectively. In addition, after 24 h of treatment, the FEL content in rat skin treated with FEL-NP gels was 1.38- and 2.54-fold higher than that when treated with commercially available FEL ointment and FEL-MP gel, respectively. Moreover, the enhanced skin penetration of FEL-NP gels was significantly attenuated by inhibition of energy-dependent endocytosis, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS We successfully prepared a topically applied carboxypolymethylene gel containing FEL nanoparticles. In addition, we observed that the endocytosis pathway was mainly related to the high skin penetration of FEL nanoparticles, and FEL-NP gel application resulted in high local tissue concentration and systemic absorption of FEL. These findings provide useful information for the design of topically applied nanoformulations against inflammation by providing local and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reita Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoi Fushiki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saki Daimyo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan.
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Zhao Y, Pan H, Liu W, Liu E, Pang Y, Gao H, He Q, Liao W, Yao Y, Zeng J, Guo J. Menthol: An underestimated anticancer agent. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148790. [PMID: 37007039 PMCID: PMC10063798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Menthol, a widely used natural, active compound, has recently been shown to have anticancer activity. Moreover, it has been found to have a promising future in the treatment of various solid tumors. Therefore, using literature from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, the present study reviewed the anticancer activity of menthol and the underlying mechanism. Menthol has a good safety profile and exerts its anticancer activity via multiple pathways and targets. As a result, it has gained popularity for significantly inhibiting different types of cancer cells by various mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, disruption of tubulin polymerization, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Owing to the excellent anticancer activity menthol has demonstrated, further research is warranted for developing it as a novel anticancer agent. However, there are limitations and gaps in the current research on menthol, and its antitumor mechanism has not been completely elucidated. It is expected that more basic experimental and clinical studies focusing on menthol and its derivatives will eventually help in its clinical application as a novel anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - E. Liu
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaobin Pang
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjin Gao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingying He
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yejing Yao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Zeng, ; Jing Guo,
| | - Jing Guo
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Zeng, ; Jing Guo,
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Goto R, Oaku Y, Sasaki F, Kubota C, Deguchi S, Kadowaki R, Abe A, Nagahama T, Nagai N. [Effects of Skin Environmental Changes by Steam Towel, Ethanol, l-Menthol and Carpronium on the Drug Behavior in the Minoxidil Nanoparticles-applied Mice]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1015-1020. [PMID: 36047213 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously designed the formulation containing minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles (MXD-NPs), and found that the MXD-NPs can mainly deliver MXD into hair bulbs via hair follicles pathway, and that the therapeutic efficiency for hair growth is higher in comparison with the formulation containing dissolved MXD. In this study, we investigated whether the skin environmental changes by the treatment of steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and commercially available (CA) carpronium affect the drug behavior in the MXD-NPs-applied mice. The steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and CA-carpronium were pre-treated 3 min before MXD-NPs application, and the MXD content in the hair bulge, bulb, skin tissue and blood of mice were measured 4 h after MXD-NPs application. No significant difference of MXD levels in the blood was observed by the pre-treatment of steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and CA-carpronium. On the other hand, the pre-treatment of steam towel and l-menthol enhanced the MXD levels in hair bulge and/or bulb. Although, the MXD levels in hair bulge and bulb were not changed by the pre-treatment of ethanol, the MXD levels in skin tissue was higher than that of saline-pre-treated group (control). The MXD levels in hair bulge, bulb and skin tissue of mice pre-treated with CA-carpronium were remarkably higher in comparison with control. In conclusion, we showed that the changes in skin environment by the steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and CA-carpronium affected the absorption of MXD-NPs, and these increased MXD levels in the hair bulb and blood by the combination may enhance the therapeutic efficiency without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro Oaku
- Research & Development Laboratories Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | | | | | | | - Akinari Abe
- Research & Development Laboratories Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- Research & Development Laboratories Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Huang M, Duan WG, Lin GS, Li BY. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, 3D-QSAR, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Menthol-Derived 1,2,4-Triazole-thioether Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:6948. [PMID: 34834038 PMCID: PMC8618492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel menthol derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole-thioether moiety were designed, synthesized, characterized structurally, and evaluated biologically to explore more potent natural product-based antifungal agents. The bioassay results revealed that at 50 μg/mL, some of the target compounds exhibited good inhibitory activity against the tested fungi, especially against Physalospora piricola. Compounds 5b (R = o-CH3 Ph), 5i (R = o-Cl Ph), 5v (R = m,p-OCH3 Ph) and 5x (R = α-furyl) had inhibition rates of 93.3%, 79.4%, and 79.4%, respectively, against P. piricola, much better than that of the positive control chlorothalonil. Compounds 5v (R = m,p-OCH3 Ph) and 5g (R = o-Cl Ph) held inhibition rates of 82.4% and 86.5% against Cercospora arachidicola and Gibberella zeae, respectively, much better than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil. Compound 5b (R = o-CH3 Ph) displayed antifungal activity of 90.5% and 83.8%, respectively, against Colleterichum orbicalare and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Compounds 5m (R = o-I Ph) had inhibition rates of 88.6%, 80.0%, and 88.0%, respectively, against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinu, Bipolaris maydis and C. orbiculare. Furthermore, compound 5b (R = o-CH3 Ph) showed the best and broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all the tested fungi. To design more effective antifungal compounds against P. piricola, 3D-QSAR analysis was performed using the CoMFA method, and a reasonable 3D-QSAR model (r2 = 0.991, q2 = 0.514) was established. The simulative binding pattern of the target compounds with cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51) was investigated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
- Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Nanning 530001, China
| | - Wen-Gui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
| | - Gui-Shan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
| | - Bao-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.H.); (B.-Y.L.)
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