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Popescu RC, Calin BS, Tanasa E, Vasile E, Mihailescu M, Paun IA. Magnetically-actuated microcages for cells entrapment, fabricated by laser direct writing via two photon polymerization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1273277. [PMID: 38170069 PMCID: PMC10758856 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1273277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of biological materials at cellular level constitutes a sine qua non and provocative research area regarding the development of micro/nano-medicine. In this study, we report on 3D superparamagnetic microcage-like structures that, in conjunction with an externally applied static magnetic field, were highly efficient in entrapping cells. The microcage-like structures were fabricated using Laser Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization (LDW via TPP) of IP-L780 biocompatible photopolymer/iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) composite. The unique properties of LDW via TPP technique enabled the reproduction of the complex architecture of the 3D structures, with a very high accuracy i.e., about 90 nm lateral resolution. 3D hyperspectral microscopy was employed to investigate the structural and compositional characteristics of the microcage-like structures. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy was used to prove the unique features regarding the morphology and the functionality of the 3D structures seeded with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Comparative studies were made on microcage-like structures made of IP-L780 photopolymer alone (i.e., without superparamagnetic properties). We found that the cell-seeded structures made by IP-L780/MNPs composite actuated by static magnetic fields of 1.3 T were 13.66 ± 5.11 folds (p < 0.01) more efficient in terms of cells entrapment than the structures made by IP-L780 photopolymer alone (i.e., that could not be actuated magnetically). The unique 3D architecture of the microcage-like superparamagnetic structures and their actuation by external static magnetic fields acted in synergy for entrapping osteoblast-like cells, showing a significant potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Physics, Politehnica University from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefanita Calin
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurelee, Romania
| | - Eugenia Tanasa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics, Politehnica University from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Faculty of Applied Physics, Politehnica University from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics, Politehnica University from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Alexandra Paun
- Center for Advanced Laser Technologies (CETAL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurelee, Romania
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics, Politehnica University from Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Tudor M, Popescu RC, Negoita RD, Gilbert A, Ilisanu MA, Temelie M, Dinischiotu A, Chevalier F, Mihailescu M, Savu DI. In vitro hyperspectral biomarkers of human chondrosarcoma cells in nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization using carbon ions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14878. [PMID: 37689817 PMCID: PMC10492786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are needed for the management of the highly chemo- and radioresistant chondrosarcoma (CHS). In this work, we used polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles for the intracellular delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (IONPDOX) to augment the cytotoxic effects of carbon ions in comparison to photon radiation therapy. The in vitro biological effects were investigated in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells focusing on the following parameters: cell survival using clonogenic test, detection of micronuclei (MN) by cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay and morphology together with spectral fingerprints of nuclei using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) assembled with a hyperspectral imaging (HI) module. The combination of IONPDOX with ion carbon or photon irradiation increased the lethal effects of irradiation alone in correlation with the induction of MN. Alterations in the hyperspectral images and spectral profiles of nuclei reflected the CHS cell biological modifications following the treatments, highlighting possible new spectroscopic markers of cancer therapy effects. These outcomes showed that the proposed combined treatment is promising in improving CHS radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Tudor
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125, Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125, Magurele, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu Street, 1-7, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca D Negoita
- Applied Sciences Doctoral School, Politehnica University Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoine Gilbert
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Mihaela A Ilisanu
- Doctoral School of Computer Sciences, Politehnica University Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Temelie
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Mona Mihailescu
- Holographic Imaging and Processing Laboratory, Physics Department, Politehnica University Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Centre for Research in Fundamental Sciences Applied in Engineering, Politehnica University Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Iulia Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, 077125, Magurele, Romania.
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery of Doxorubicin Induces a Differentiated Clonogenic Inactivation in 3D Tumor Spheroids In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032198. [PMID: 36768525 PMCID: PMC9916819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Involvement of 3D tumor cell models in the in vitro biological testing of novel nanotechnology-based strategies for cancer management can provide in-depth information on the real behavior of tumor cells in complex biomimetic architectures. Here, we used polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles for the controlled delivery of a doxorubicin chemotherapeutic substance (IONPDOX), and to enhance cytotoxicity of photon radiation therapy. The biological effects of nanoparticles and 150 kV X-rays were evaluated on both 2D and 3D cell models of normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and tumor cells-human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human squamous carcinoma (FaDu)-through cell survival. In all 2D cell models, nanoparticles were similarly internalized in a peri-nuclear pattern, but resulted in different survival capabilities following radiation treatment. IONP on normal keratinocytes showed a protective effect, but a cytotoxic effect for cancer cells. In 3D tumor cell models, IONPDOX were able to penetrate the cell spheroids towards the hypoxic areas. However, IONPDOX and 150 kV X-rays led to a dose-modifying factor DMFSF=0.1 = 1.09 ± 0.1 (200 µg/mL IONPDOX) in HeLa spheroids, but to a radioprotective effect in FaDu spheroids. Results show that the proposed treatment is promising in the management of cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Vangijzegem T, Lecomte V, Ternad I, Van Leuven L, Muller RN, Stanicki D, Laurent S. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPION): From Fundamentals to State-of-the-Art Innovative Applications for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010236. [PMID: 36678868 PMCID: PMC9861355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in cancer therapy over the years, its complex pathological process still represents a major health challenge when seeking effective treatment and improved healthcare. With the advent of nanotechnologies, nanomedicine-based cancer therapy has been widely explored as a promising technology able to handle the requirements of the clinical sector. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have been at the forefront of nanotechnology development since the mid-1990s, thanks to their former role as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Though their use as MRI probes has been discontinued due to an unfavorable cost/benefit ratio, several innovative applications as therapeutic tools have prompted a renewal of interest. The unique characteristics of SPION, i.e., their magnetic properties enabling specific response when submitted to high frequency (magnetic hyperthermia) or low frequency (magneto-mechanical therapy) alternating magnetic field, and their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (either intrinsically or when activated using various stimuli), make them particularly adapted for cancer therapy. This review provides a comprehensive description of the fundamental aspects of SPION formulation and highlights various recent approaches regarding in vivo applications in the field of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vangijzegem
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Correspondence: (T.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Valentin Lecomte
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Indiana Ternad
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Levy Van Leuven
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Non-Ionizing Molecular Imaging Unit, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Stanicki
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Non-Ionizing Molecular Imaging Unit, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
- Correspondence: (T.V.); (S.L.)
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High Drug Capacity Doxorubicin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential in the drug delivery area. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) MNPs have demonstrated a promising effect due to their ferrimagnetic properties, large surface area, stability, low cost, easy synthesis, and functionalization. Some coating procedures are required to improve stability, biocompatibility, and decrease toxicity for medical applications. Herein, the co-precipitation synthesis of iron oxide MNPs coated with four types of primary surfactants, polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG 2000), oleic acid (OA), Tween 20 (Tw20), and Tween 80 (Tw80), were investigated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ-potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were used for morphology, size, charge, and stability analysis. Methylene blue reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay and the toxicity experiment on the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line were conducted. Two loading conditions for anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) on MNPs were proposed. The first one provides high loading efficiency (~90%) with up to 870 μg/mg (DOX/MNPs) drug capacity. The second is perspective for extremely high capacity 1757 μg/mg with drug wasting (DOX loading efficiency ~24%). For the most perspective MNP_OA and MNP_OA_DOX in cell media, pH 7.4, 5, and 3, the stability experiments are also presented. MNP_OA_DOX shows DOX pH-dependent release in the acidic pH and effective inhibition of A549 cancer cell growth. The IC50 values were calculated as 1.13 ± 0.02 mM in terms of doxorubicin and 0.4 ± 0.03 µg/mL in terms of the amount of the nanoparticles. Considering this, the MNP_OA_DOX nano theranostics agent is a highly potential candidate for cancer treatment.
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Khalil M, Haq EA, Dwiranti A, Prasedya ES, Kitamoto Y. Bifunctional folic-conjugated aspartic-modified Fe 3O 4 nanocarriers for efficient targeted anticancer drug delivery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4961-4971. [PMID: 35425526 PMCID: PMC8981417 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of nanocarriers has been considered the most promising way of ensuring an accurate and targeted drug delivery system. This study reports the synthesis of bifunctional folic-conjugated aspartic-modified Fe3O4 nanocarriers with an excellent ability to deliver doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, into the intercellular matrix. Here, the presence of amine and carboxylate groups enables aspartic acid (AA) to be used as an efficient anchoring molecule for the conjugation of folic acid (FA) (EDC-NHS coupling) and DOX (electrostatic interaction). Based on the results, surface functionalization showed little effect on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles but significantly influenced both the loading and release efficiency of DOX. This is primarily caused by the steric hindrance effect due to large and bulky FA molecules. Furthermore, in vitro MTT assay of B16-F1 cell lines revealed that FA conjugation was responsible for a significant increase in the cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded nanocarriers, which was also found to be proportional to AA concentration. This high cytotoxicity resulted from an efficient cellular uptake induced by the over-expressed folate receptors and fast pH triggered DOX release inside the target cell. Here, the lowest IC50 value of DOX-loaded nanocarriers was achieved at 2.814 ± 0.449 μg mL-1. Besides, further investigation also showed that the drug-loaded nanocarriers exhibited less or no toxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia 16424 Depok West Java Indonesia
| | - Ely Arina Haq
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia 16424 Depok West Java Indonesia
| | - Astari Dwiranti
- Department of Biology, Cellular and Molecular Mechanism in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia 16424 Depok West Java Indonesia
| | - Eka Sunarwidhi Prasedya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mataram 83125 Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram 83125 Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia
| | - Yoshitaka Kitamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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