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Wang Y, Lu H, Liu X, Liu L, Zhang W, Huang Z, Li K, Xu A. Identification of Yellow Seed Color Genes Using Bulked Segregant RNA Sequencing in Brassica juncea L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1573. [PMID: 38338852 PMCID: PMC10855766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow seed breeding is an effective method to improve oil yield and quality in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). However, naturally occurring yellow-seeded genotypes have not been identified in B. napus. Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has some natural, yellow-seeded germplasms, yet the molecular mechanism underlying this trait remains unclear. In this study, a BC9 population derived from the cross of yellow seed mustard "Wuqi" and brown seed mustard "Wugong" was used to analyze the candidate genes controlling the yellow seed color of B. juncea. Subsequently, yellow-seeded (BY) and brown-seeded (BB) bulks were constructed in the BC9 population and subjected to bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq). A total of 511 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the brown and yellow seed bulks. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process and flavonoid biosynthetic process, including key genes such as 4CL, C4H, LDOX/TT18, PAL1, PAL2, PAL4, TT10, TT12, TT4, TT8, BAN, DFR/TT3, F3H/TT6, TT19, and CHI/TT5. In addition, 111,540 credible single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 86,319 INDELs were obtained and used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification. Subsequently, two significant QTLs on chromosome A09, namely, qSCA09-3 and qSCA09-7, were identified by G' analysis, and five DEGs (BjuA09PAL2, BjuA09TT5, BjuA09TT6, BjuA09TT4, BjuA09TT3) involved in the flavonoid pathway were identified as hub genes based on the protein-to-protein network. Among these five genes, only BjuA09PAL2 and BjuA09F3H had SNPs between BY and BB bulks. Interestingly, the majority of SNPs in BjuA09PAL2 were consistent with the SNPs identified between the high-quality assembled B. juncea reference genome "T84-66" (brown-seed) and "AU213" (yellow-seed). Therefore, BjuA09PAL2, which encodes phenylalanine lyase, was considered as the candidate gene associated with yellow seed color of B. juncea. The identification of a novel gene associated with the yellow seed coloration of B. juncea through this study may play a significant role in enhancing yellow seed breeding in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Aixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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2
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Wang J, Hu T, Wang Y, Wang W, Hu H, Wei Q, Yan Y, Bao C. Metabolic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Different Metabolite Biosynthesis Profiles between Purple and Green Pak Choi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13781. [PMID: 37762090 PMCID: PMC10530969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pak choi is one of the most important leafy vegetables planted in East Asia and provides essential nutrients for the human body. Purple pak choi differs mainly in leaf colour but exhibits distinct nutritional profiles from green pak choi. In this study, we performed metabolic and transcriptomic analyses to uncover the mechanisms underlying the differences in metabolite biosynthesis profiles between the two pak choi varieties. Metabolite profiling revealed significant differences in the levels of metabolites, mainly amino acids and their derivatives and flavonoids. Furthermore, 34 flavonoids significantly differed between green and purple pak choi leaves, and cyanidin and its derivative anthocyanins were abundant in purple pak choi. In addition, we found that the structural genes CHS, DFR, ANS, and UGT75C1, as well as the transcription factor MYB2, play a major role in anthocyanin synthesis. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf pigmentation in pak choi and offer a platform for assessing related varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Wang
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tianhua Hu
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wuhong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Haijiao Hu
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qingzhen Wei
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yaqin Yan
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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3
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Shahwar D, Khan Z, Ansari MYK, Park Y. Relative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of chemical mutagens (Caffeine and EMS) and heavy metals [(Pb(NO 3) 2 and Cd(NO 3) 2)] in developing chlorophyll and morphological mutants in lentil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 890:503668. [PMID: 37567648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency are the utmost vital indices to determine the effective and efficient mutagenic concentrations for the generation of high frequency of desirable mutation in mutation breeding. Nevertheless, there are meager study are available for employing effective and efficient concentration of caffeine, EMS, Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 for the crop improvement. Thus, the current study was performed to assess the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of caffeine, EMS and heavy metals [Pb(NO3)2 Cd(NO3)2] and to determine the genetic variability of M2 and M3 lentil mutant lines. The frequency of different chlorophyll and chromophyll mutation was found highest at moderate and higher concentrations of chemical mutagens and heavy metals in M1 and M2 generation. The highest effectiveness was in 20 ppm Cd(NO3)2, followed by 20 ppm Pb(NO3)2, 0.10% EMS, and 0.10% caffeine. The present investigation also showed lower doses of caffeine, EMS, Pb(NO3)2, and Cd(NO3)2 were more efficient than higher concentrations, and caffeine was found more efficient followed by EMS, Pb(NO3)2, and Cd(NO3)2. Furthermore, a broad spectrum of viable mutations affecting different morphological characters of the plants viz., leaves, plant height, growth habits, flowers, pods, and seeds in M2 and M3 generation were recorded. Ten morphological mutants showing acceptable agronomic and horticultural features were identified, as genetic resources for further breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durre Shahwar
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Plant Genomics and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zeba Khan
- Center for Agricultural Education, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Younghoon Park
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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4
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Chen D, Chen H, Dai G, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shen W, Zhu B, Cui C, Tan C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the anthocyanin-related genes during seed coat development in six Brassica species. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:103. [PMID: 36894869 PMCID: PMC9999611 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow seed is one favorite trait for the breeding of Brassica oilseed crops, but the performance of seed coat color is very complicated due to the involvement of various pigments. The change of seed coat color of Brassica crops is related to the specific synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin, and the expression level of structural genes in anthocyanin synthesis pathway is specifically regulated by transcription factors. Despite some previous reports on the regulations of seed coat color from linkage marker development, gene fine-mapping and multi-omics association analysis, the trait of Brassica crops is affected by the evolutionary events such as genome triploidization, the regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in six Brassica crops in U-triangle at the genome-wide level and performed collinearity analysis. A total of 1119 anthocyanin-related genes were identified, the collinear relationship of anthocyanin-related genes on subgenomic chromosomes was the best in B. napus (AACC) and the worst in B. carinata (BBCC). The comparisons of gene expressions for anthocyanin metabolic pathways in seed coats during seed development revealed differences in its metabolism among these species. Interestingly, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors MYB5 and TT2 were differentially expressed at all eight stages of seed coat development, indicating that they might be the key genes that caused the variation of the seed coat color. The expression curve and trend analyses of the seed coat development period showed that the main reason for the unexpressed copies of MYB5 and TT2 was likely gene silencing caused by gene structural variation. These results were valuable for the genetic improvement of Brassica seed coat color, and also provided new insights into gene multicopy evolution in Brassica polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Haidong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guoqiang Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Haimei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Cheng Cui
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chendu, 610066, China.
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Elessawy F, Wright D, Vandenberg A, El-Aneed A, Purves RW. Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Importance of Glycosylated Flavones in Patterned Lentil Seed Coats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3541-3549. [PMID: 36753710 PMCID: PMC9951240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lentil seed coats are rich in antioxidant polyphenols that are important for plant defense and have potential as valorized byproducts. Although biochemical differences among lentil seed coat colors have been previously studied, differences among seed coat patterns remain largely unexplored. This study used mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics to investigate polyphenol differences among lentil seed coat patterns to search for biochemical pathways potentially responsible for seed coat pattern differences. Comparing patterned with non-patterned green lentil seed coats, 28 significantly upregulated metabolites were found in patterned seed coats; 19 of them were identified as flavones. Flavones were virtually absent in non-patterned seed coats, thereby strongly suggesting a blockage in their flavone biosynthetic pathway. Although the black pattern is not readily discernible on black seed coats, many of the same flavones found in green marbled seed coats were also found in black seed coats, indicating that black seed coats likely have a marbled pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma
M. Elessawy
- College
of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Derek Wright
- Department
of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department
of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College
of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Randy W. Purves
- College
of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Centre
for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency, Saskatoon S7N 2R3, Saskatchewan, Canada
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6
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Hou Y, Qin X, Qiu H, Li D, Xu N, Zhang S, Fang C, Li H. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome analyses provide insight into the regulatory network of graft incompatibility in litchi. Front Genet 2023; 13:1059333. [PMID: 36685870 PMCID: PMC9849251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1059333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Litchi is an important commercial fruit crop widely grown in the world. Graft incompatibility between rootstocks and scions is a major constraint for large-scale cultivation of litchi orchards, popularization of new and excellent litchi varieties, and associated industrial development. Further, the genetic mechanism of graft incompatibility is still unclear in litchi. To reduce the incompatibility problems, this study investigated metabolic and transcriptomic differences between graft compatible and incompatible rootstock-scion combinations of litchi. The result of metabolomics analysis showed that incompatible rootstock-scion interaction modified the profiles of several metabolic substances. However, various compounds of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignin predominantly exhibited significantly altered abundance in graft incompatible combinations. Transcriptome analysis identified that graft incompatibility induces dynamic gene differences. The majority of these differentially expressed genes were enriched in biosynthetic pathways of phenylpropanoids. The differential expressions of genes in these pathways could be linked to the differential abundance levels of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignin compounds. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a strong relationship between differential genes and differential metabolites identified in this study. In addition, identified hub genes and metabolites were closely associated with graft incompatibility of litchi. This study characterized the abundance of metabolites and genes in graft incompatible combinations and further discussed the genetic mechanism of graft incompatibility in litchi. Our results provide a platform to dissect the molecular mechanisms of graft incompatibility in the litchi fruit.
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7
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Patel MK, Chaudhary R, Taak Y, Pardeshi P, Nanjundan J, Vinod KK, Saini N, Vasudev S, Yadava DK. Seed coat colour of Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss.] is associated with Bju.TT8 homologs identifiable by targeted functional markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012368. [PMID: 36275533 PMCID: PMC9581272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat colour is an important trait in Indian mustard. Breeding for seed coat colour needs precise knowledge of mode of inheritance and markers linked to it. The present study was focussed on genetics and development of functional markers for seed coat colour. F1s (direct and reciprocal) and F2 populations were developed by crossing two contrasting parents for seed coat colour (DRMRIJ-31, brown seeded and RLC-3, yellow seeded). Phenotypic results have shown that the seed coat colour trait was under the influence of maternal effect and controlled by digenic-duplicate gene action. Further, Bju.TT8 homologs of both parents (DRMRIJ-31 and RLC-3) were cloned and sequenced. Sequencing results of Bju.TT8 homologs revealed that in RLC-3, gene Bju.ATT8 had an insertion of 1279bp in the 7th exon; whereas, gene Bju.BTT8 had an SNP (C→T) in the 7th exon. These two mutations were found to be associated with yellow seed coat colour. Using sequence information, functional markers were developed for both Bju.TT8 homologs, validated on F2 population and were found highly reliable with no recombination between the markers and the phenotype. Further, these markers were subjected to a germplasm assembly of Indian mustard, and their allelic combination for the seed coat colour genes has been elucidated. The comparative genomics of TT8 genes revealed high degree of similarity between and across the Brassica species, and the respective diploid progenitors in tetraploid Brassica species are the possible donors of TT8 homologs. This study will help in the marker-assisted breeding for seed coat colour, and aid in understanding seed coat colour genetics more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Patel
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Chaudhary
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashpal Taak
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Pardeshi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Joghee Nanjundan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Wellington, India
| | - K. K. Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Navinder Saini
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Vasudev
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - D. K. Yadava
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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8
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Genome-wide identification of R2R3-MYB gene family and association with anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica species. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:441. [PMID: 35701743 PMCID: PMC9199147 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica species include important oil crops and vegetables in the world. The R2R3-MYB gene participates in a variety of plant functions, including the activation or inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Although previous studies have reported its phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression patterns in Arabidopsis, the number and sequence variation of this gene family in Brassica crops and its involvement in the natural quantitative variation in anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation are still largely unknown. In this study, by using whole genome sequences and comprehensive genome-wide comparative analysis among the six cultivated Brassica species, 2120 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in six Brassica species, in total These R2R3-MYB genes were phylogenetically clustered into 12 groups. The R2R3-MYB family between A and C subgenomes showed better collinearity than between B and C and between A and B. From comparing transcriptional changes of five Brassica species with the purple and green leaves for the detection of the R2R3-MYB genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, 7 R2R3-MYB genes were co-differentially expressed. The promoter and structure analysis of these genes showed that some variations between non-coding region, but they were highly conserved at the protein level and spatial structure. Co-expression analysis of anthocyanin-related genes and R2R3-MYBs indicated that MYB90 was strongly co-expressed with TT8, and they were co-expressed with structural genes F3H, LDOX, ANS and UF3GT at the same time. These results further clarified the roles of the R2R3-MYBs for leaf coloration in Brasica species, which provided new insights into the functions of the R2R3-MYB gene family in Brasica species.
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Raina A, Laskar RA, Wani MR, Jan BL, Ali S, Khan S. Comparative Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and Sodium Azide in Inducing Chlorophyll and Morphological Mutants of Cowpea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11101322. [PMID: 35631747 PMCID: PMC9144755 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency are the most important factors determining the success of mutation breeding, a coherent tool for quickly enhancing genetic diversity in crops. However, conclusive evidence of using an effective and efficient dose of gamma (γ) rays and sodium azide (SA) for genetic improvement is scant. The present study assesses genetic diversity in M2 mutants of cowpea and evaluates mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of the single and combination doses of γ rays and SA. In M0 generation, 7200 M1 seeds obtained by SA treatment (0.01-0.1%) and γ irradiation (100-1000 Gy) at a dose rate of 11.58 Gy/min were sown to raise M1 generation. A total of 57,620 M2 seeds were generated from the M1 generation of two varieties-Gomati VU-89 and Pusa-578, from which 47,650 seeds germinated. Moreover, plants (38,749) that survived were screened for chlorophyll and morphological mutations. Among the mutagens, SA followed by γ rays + SA and γ rays was most effective in inducing higher frequency and a broader spectrum of chlorophyll mutants. A wide range of morphological mutants affecting every growth stage was recorded with the highest frequency in 400 Gy γ rays + 0.04% SA treatment. These morphological mutants with desirable agronomic traits represent a valuable genetic resource for future breeding programs. This study revealed the potency of γ rays and SA in increasing genetic diversity and demonstrated the successful conduct of induced mutagenesis in the cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Raina
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
- Botany Section, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Mohammad Rafiq Wani
- Department of Botany, Abdul Ahad Azad Memorial Degree College Bemina, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190018, India;
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Mutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
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10
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Song J, Zhang H, Wang ZX, Wang J. The antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, and chemical composition of Paeonia delavayi petal. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the functional activity and phytochemical compositions in the flower petals of Paeonia delavayi with different colors.
Materials and Methods
P. delavayi petal extracts were prepared by maceration in methanol, including purple petal extract (PPE), red petal extract (RPE) and yellow petal extract (YPE), and their antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were evaluated. To correlate these measured activities to phytochemicals in the petals, UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics method was applied to profile the compositions in the petals of different colors. Finally, the KEGG metabolic pathways database was used to identify the related metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of these polyphenolic phytochemicals in the petals.
Results
The results showed that PPE had the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the strongest ABTS· + scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition ability in all three samples, while YPE showed the strongest DPPH· scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibition ability. A total of 232 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis, 198 of which were flavonoids, chalcones, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Correlation analysis indicated that Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside were the major contributors to their antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation between these three petals. In addition, a total of 38, 98, and 96 differential metabolites were identified in PPE, RPE, and YPE, respectively. Pathway enrichment revealed 6 KEGG pathways displayed significant enrichment differences, of which the anthocyanin biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were the most enriched signaling pathways. It revealed the potential reason for the differences in metabolic and functional levels between different colors of P. delavayi petals.
Conclusions
P. delavayi petals of different colors have different metabolite contents and functional activities, of which the anthocyanin, flavone, and flavonol metabolites are critical in its functional activities, suggesting the anthocyanin biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways be the key pathways responsible for both the petal color and bioactive phytochemicals in P. delavayi flowers.
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11
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Shi R, Tao L, Tu X, Zhang C, Xiong Z, Rami Horowitz A, Asher JB, He J, Hu F. Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insight Into Phenolic and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Nutshell of Macadamia Ternifolia. Front Genet 2022; 12:809986. [PMID: 35265099 PMCID: PMC8899216 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.809986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macadamia ternifolia is a dynamic oil-producing nut crop in the world. However, the nutshell is frequently considered as a low-quality material. Further, its metabolic profile is still uncharacterized. In order to explore the industrial significance of the nutshell, this study performed metabolic and transcriptomic analyses at various developmental stages of the nutshell. The qualitative and quantitative metabolic data analysis identified 596 metabolic substances including several species of phenolic acids, flavonoids, lipids, organic acids, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, alkaloids, lignans, coumarins, terpenoids, tannins, and others. However, phenolic acids and flavonoids were predominant, and their abundance levels were significantly altered across various developmental stages of the nutshell. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression patterns of phenolic acid and flavonoid pathway related genes were significantly changed during the nutshell growth. In particular, the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, and FLS had dynamic differences at the various developmental stages of the nutshell. Our integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified the key metabolic substances and their abundance levels. We further discussed the regulatory mechanism of phenolic and flavonoid biosynthesis in the nutshell of M. ternifolia. Our results provide new insights into the biological profiles of the nutshell of M. ternifolia and help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of phenolic and flavonoid biosynthesis in the nutshell of M. ternifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Foresty Research Center of Kunming, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinghao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhang
- Office of Academic Affairs, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Zhang, ; Jun He, ; Faguang Hu,
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Foresty Research Center of Kunming, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Abraham Rami Horowitz
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jiftah Ben Asher
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Zhang, ; Jun He, ; Faguang Hu,
| | - Faguang Hu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Zhang, ; Jun He, ; Faguang Hu,
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Kamal F, Shen S, Hu R, Zhang Q, Yin N, Ma Y, Jiang Y, Xu X, Li J, Lu K, Qu C. Metabolite Characteristics Analysis of Siliques and Effects of Lights on the Accumulation of Glucosinolates in Siliques of Rapeseed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817419. [PMID: 35251085 PMCID: PMC8888874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae family, which mainly synthesize in the siliques with a wide range of functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of lights on metabolites in siliques of rapeseed through ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-heated electrospray ionization (HESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A total of 249 metabolites, including 29 phenolic acids, 38 flavonoids, 22 GSLs, 93 uncalculated and 67 unknown compounds, were identified in siliques of rapeseed. Meanwhile, 62 metabolites showed significant differences after shading treatment, which were mainly GSLs and unknown compounds. Interestingly, the amounts of 10 GSLs had high accumulation levels in siliques, while the expression levels of their corresponding biosynthetic genes (AOP, GSL-OH, IGMT, and ST5a) were obviously reduced after shading treatment. Further evidence showed that the amounts of GSLs were significantly reduced in seeds, in accordance with the expression profiles of transporter genes (BnaGTRs). Our findings indicated that lights could affect the accumulation and transportation of GSLs from siliques to seeds in rapeseed. Therefore, this study facilitates a better understanding of metabolic characteristics of siliques and provides insight into the importance of light for GSLs accumulation and transportation in siliques and seeds of rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kamal
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulin Shen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianwei Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifang Ma
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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