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Dai M, Yang J, Wang Z, Xue F, Wang Y, Hu E, Gong Y, Routledge MN, Qiao B. Aquaporins alteration revealed kidney damages in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31532. [PMID: 38807874 PMCID: PMC11130722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Restoration of blood supply is a desired goal for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, the restoration often leads to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIR/I), which greatly increases the risk of non-neural organ damage. In particular, the acute kidney injury might be one of the most common complications. Aims The study aimed to understand the damage occurred and the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods The study was explored on the CIR/I rats generated by performing middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/Reperfusion). The rats were evaluated with injury on the brains, followed by the non-neural organs including kidneys, livers, colons and stomachs. They were examined further with histopathological changes, and gene expression alterations by using RT-qPCR of ten aquaporins (Aqps) subtypes including Aqp1~Aqp9 and Aqp11. Furthermore, the Aqps expression profiles were constructed for each organ and analyzed by performing Principle Component Analysis. In addition, immunohistochemistry was explored to look at the protein expression of Aqp1, Aqp2, Aqp3 and Aqp4 in the rat kidneys. Results There was a prominent down-regulation profile in the MCAO/Reperfusion rat kidneys. The protein expression of Aqp1, Aqp2, Aqp3 and Aqp4 was decreased in the kidneys of the MCAO/Reperfusion rats. We suggested that the kidney was in the highest risk to be damaged following the CIR/I. Down-regulation of Aqp2, Aqp3 and Aqp4 was involved in the acute kidney injury induced by the CIR/I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Fangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Yourui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Enjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Yunyun Gong
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Routledge
- School of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- Jiangsu University, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Boling Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, No. 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, PR China
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Hitaka Y, Isoyama N, Tsuji S, Honda T, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura K, Hirata H, Shiraishi K, Asagiri M. Renoprotective effects of laxative linaclotide: Inhibition of acute kidney injury and fibrosis in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149709. [PMID: 38554603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to tissue damage in transplanted kidneys, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic graft dysfunction, which critically compromises transplant outcomes, such as graft loss. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist clinically approved as a laxative, has recently been identified to exhibit renoprotective effects in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of linaclotide on AKI triggered by I/R in a rat model with an initial comparison with other laxatives. Here, we show that linaclotide administration resulted in substantial reduction in serum creatinine levels, reflective of enhanced renal function. Histological examination revealed diminished tubular damage, and Sirius Red staining confirmed less collagen deposition, collectively indicating preserved structural integrity and mitigation of fibrosis. Further analysis demonstrated lowered expression of TGF-β and associated fibrotic markers, α-SMA, MMP2, and TIMP1, implicating the downregulation of the fibrogenic TGF-β pathway by linaclotide. Furthermore, one day after I/R insult, linaclotide profoundly diminished macrophage infiltration and suppressed critical pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6, signifying its potential to disrupt initial inflammatory mechanisms integral to AKI pathology. These findings suggest that linaclotide, with its established safety profile, could extend its benefits beyond gastrointestinal issues and potentially serve as a therapeutic intervention for organ transplantation. Additionally, it could provide immediate and practical insights into selecting laxatives for managing patients with AKI or CKD, regardless of the cause, and for those receiving dialysis or transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hitaka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naohito Isoyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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Zhang N, Lv F, Xiao H, Yi B, Shao M, Liang H, Wang Y, Guo N, Yao J, Guan Y, Zhang G. Synergistic and attenuated effects and molecular biological mechanisms of Shouhui Tongbian capsule in the treatment of slow transit constipation based on UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology and animal experimental validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115846. [PMID: 38039873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shouhui Tongbian capsule (SHTB) has been widely used for the treatment of constipation. There are few studies on SHTB at present. The current study aimed to explore the effects of multi-components compatibility of SHTB for efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction and evaluate its molecular biological mechanisms in the treatment of slow transit constipation (STC). METHODS Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify 17 anthraquinone components in different compatible systems of SHTB. Network pharmacological analysis was used to probe the potential mechanisms of SHTB in treating STC. In addition, an animal experiment combined with western blot analysis was performed to further validate the predicted results. RESULTS After compatibility, the dissolution of 13 components with good effects in treating constipation increased, while the dissolution of 3 components with hepatotoxicity decreased. Overall, 145 common targets of 13 synergistic components and constipation were identified. A synergistic component-target-disease network showed that chrysoobtusin, obtusifolin, emodin, obtusin and 2-hydroxyl emodin-1-methyl ether were the potential key synergistic components. A protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 91 targets, and an analysis of topological characteristics was conducted to confirm the core targets. Gene Ontology function revealed that the 13 synergistic components for the treatment of STC mainly played roles via protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of phosphorylation, phosphotransferase activity, kinase activity and protein kinase activity, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that these components were enriched in pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, etc. The results of animal experimental validation showed that SHTB significantly reduced the expression levels of p-p38 and p-ERK proteins in the colon tissue of the STC rats. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily demonstrated that efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction of SHTB could be achieved after compatibility, which expounded the connotation of compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine from the perspective of chemical composition, reflecting the rationality and scientificity of compatibility theory. Meanwhile, the study also revealed the core targets and potential molecular biological mechanisms of SHTB in the treatment of STC, which may serve as a reference for subsequent studies and clinical applications of SHTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengyi Lv
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China
| | - Bojiao Yi
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingguo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China
| | - Hongbao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China.
| | - Yongxia Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China.
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi 276006, China.
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Huang Y, Yan S, Su Z, Xia L, Xie J, Zhang F, Du Z, Hou X, Deng J, Hao E. Aquaporins: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of digestive system diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1069310. [PMID: 36532729 PMCID: PMC9752864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1069310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane proteins expressed in various organ systems. Many studies have shown that the abnormal expression of AQPs is associated with gastrointestinal, skin, liver, kidneys, edema, cancer, and other diseases. The majority of AQPs are expressed in the digestive system and have important implications for the physiopathology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as other tissues and organs. AQP regulators can prevent and treat most gastrointestinal-related diseases, such as colorectal cancer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. Although recent studies have proposed clinically relevant AQP-targeted therapies, such as the development of AQP inhibitors, clinical trials are still lacking and there are many difficulties. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China for thousands of years to prevent, treat and diagnose diseases, and is under the guidance of Chinese medicine (CM) theory. Herein, we review the latest research on the regulation of AQPs by TCMs and their active components, including Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Astragali radix, and another 26 TCMs, as well as active components, which include the active components include anthraquinones, saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoid glycosides. Through our review and discussion of numerous studies, we attempt to explore the regulatory effects of TCMs and their active components on AQP expression in the corresponding parts of the body in terms of the Triple Energizer concept in Chinese medicine defined as "upper energizer, middle energizer, and lower energizer,"so as to offer unique opportunities for the development of AQP-related therapeutic drugs for digestive system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shidu Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zixia Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Czigle S, Bittner Fialová S, Tóth J, Mučaji P, Nagy M. Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders-Plants and Potential Mechanisms of Action of Their Constituents. Molecules 2022; 27:2881. [PMID: 35566230 PMCID: PMC9105531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases is about 40%, with standard pharmacotherapy being long-lasting and economically challenging. Of the dozens of diseases listed by the Rome IV Foundation criteria, for five of them (heartburn, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting disorder, constipation, and diarrhoea), treatment with herbals is an official alternative, legislatively supported by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). However, for most plants, the Directive does not require a description of the mechanisms of action, which should be related to the therapeutic effect of the European plant in question. This review article, therefore, summarizes the basic pharmacological knowledge of synthetic drugs used in selected functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and correlates them with the constituents of medicinal plants. Therefore, the information presented here is intended as a starting point to support the claim that both empirical folk medicine and current and decades-old treatments with official herbal remedies have a rational basis in modern pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Czigle
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.B.F.); (J.T.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
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Acute oral toxicity of damnacanthal and its anticancer activity against colorectal tumorigenesis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1968-1976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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