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Li A, Wang Y, Li X, Yin J, Li Y, Hu Y, Zou J, Liu J, Sun Z. Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insights into phosphorus-mediated cadmium detoxification in Salix caprea roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108677. [PMID: 38703499 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in facilitating plant adaptation to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying P-mediated responses to Cd stress in roots remain elusive. This study investigates the effects of P on the growth, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results indicate that Cd significantly inhibits plant growth, while sufficient P alleviates this inhibition. Under Cd exposure, P sufficiency resulted in increased Cd accumulation in roots, along with reduced oxidative stress levels (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide contents were reduced by 16.8% and 30.1%, respectively). This phenomenon can be attributed to the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as increased levels of antioxidants including ascorbic acid (AsA) and flavonoids under sufficient P conditions. A total of 4208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 552 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, with 2596 DEGs and 113 DAMs identified among treatments with different P levels under Cd stress, respectively. Further combined analyses reveal the potential roles of several pathways in P-mediated Cd detoxification, including flavonoid biosynthesis, ascorbate biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, sufficient P upregulates the expression of genes including HMA, ZIP, NRAMP and CAX, all predicted to localize to the cell membrane. This may elucidate the heightened Cd accumulation under sufficient P conditions. These findings provide insights into the roles of P in enhancing plant resistance to Cd stress and improving of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, 274000, China
| | - Jiahui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China; College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Shandong Seed Industry Group Yellow River Delta Co., Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yaofang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junzhu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhenyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Song Z, Zhao L, Ma W, Peng Z, Shi J, Pan F, Gao Y, Sui X, Rengel Z, Chen Q, Wang B. Ethylene inhibits ABA-induced stomatal closure via regulating NtMYB184-mediated flavonol biosynthesis in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6735-6748. [PMID: 37531314 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement can be regulated by ABA signaling through synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells. By contrast, ethylene triggers the biosynthesis of antioxidant flavonols to suppress ROS accumulation and prevent ABA-induced stomatal closure; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) R2R3-MYB transcription factor NtMYB184, which belongs to the flavonol-specific SG7 subgroup. RNAi suppression and CRISPR/Cas9 mutation (myb184) of NtMYB184 in tobacco caused down-regulation of flavonol biosynthetic genes and decreased the concentration of flavonols in the leaves. Yeast one-hybrid assays, transactivation assays, EMSAs, and ChIP-qPCR demonstrated that NtMYB184 specifically binds to the promoters of flavonol biosynthetic genes via MYBPLANT motifs. NtMYB184 regulated flavonol biosynthesis in guard cells to modulate ROS homeostasis and stomatal aperture. ABA-induced ROS production was accompanied by the suppression of NtMYB184 and flavonol biosynthesis, which may accelerate ABA-induced stomatal closure. Furthermore, ethylene stimulated NtMYB184 expression and flavonol biosynthesis to suppress ROS accumulation and curb ABA-induced stomatal closure. In myb184, however, neither the flavonol and ROS concentrations nor the stomatal aperture varied between the ABA and ABA+ethylene treatments, indicating that NtMYB184 was indispensable for the antagonism between ethylene and ABA via regulating flavonol and ROS concentrations in the guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Wenna Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongping Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The Role of Anthocyanins in Plant Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2558. [PMID: 37447119 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity affect various biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibit plant growth, and significantly reduce productivity. The anthocyanin biosynthesis system represents one of the plant stress-tolerance mechanisms, activated by surplus reactive oxygen species. Anthocyanins act as ROS scavengers, protecting plants from oxidative damage and enhancing their sustainability. In this review, we focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in acquired tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Also, we discuss the role of abscisic acid and the abscisic-acid-miRNA156 regulatory node in the regulation of drought-induced anthocyanin production. Additionally, we summarise the available knowledge on transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and development of salt and drought tolerance. Finally, we discuss recent progress in the application of modern gene manipulation technologies in the development of anthocyanin-enriched plants with enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Stanislav V Isayenkov
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidi-Vyshneveckogo Str., 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Zhao X, Zhang H, Liu T, Zhao Y, Hu X, Liu S, Lin Y, Song B, He C. Transcriptome analysis provides StMYBA1 gene that regulates potato anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating structural genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087121. [PMID: 36743487 PMCID: PMC9895859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis is affected by light, temperature, and other environmental factors. The regulation mode of light on anthocyanin synthesis in apple, pear, tomato and other species has been reported, while not clear in potato. In this study, potato RM-210 tubers whose peel will turn purple gradually after exposure to light were selected. Transcriptome analysis was performed on RM-210 tubers during anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of StMYBA1 gene continued to increase during the anthocyanin accumulation in RM-210 tubers. Moreover, co-expression cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the expression patterns of StMYBA1 gene were highly correlated with structural genes CHS and CHI. The promoter activity of StMYBA1 was significantly higher in light conditions, and StMYBA1 could activate the promoter activity of structural genes StCHS, StCHI, and StF3H. Further gene function analysis found that overexpression of StMYBA1 gene could promote anthocyanin accumulation and structural gene expression in potato leaves. These results demonstrated that StMYBA1 gene promoted potato anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating the expression of structural genes under light conditions. These findings provide a theoretical basis and genetic resources for the regulatory mechanism of potato anthocyanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinxi Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng He
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Integrative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Response to MeJA in Camelliavietnamensis Huang. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169370. [PMID: 36012624 PMCID: PMC9409299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely found in plants, which perform various biological activities, such as antiinflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, and so on. Camellia vietnamensis Huang, a species of oil-tea Camellia tree, is an important woody oil crop species widely planted on Hainan Island, which provides health benefits with its high antioxidant activity and abundant flavonoid content. However, very little is known about the overall molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. vietnamensis Huang. In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is used as an inducer to change the content of secondary metabolites in C. vietnamensis. Then, the potential mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. vietnamensis leaves in response to MeJA were analyzed by metabolomics and transcriptomics (RNA sequencing). The results showed that metabolome analysis detected 104 flavonoids and 74 fatty acyls which showed different expression patterns (increased or decreased expression). It was discovered by KEGG analysis that three differentially accumulated metabolites (cinnamaldehyde, kaempferol and quercitrin) were annotated in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940), flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941), and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis (ko00944) pathways. In the transcriptome analysis, 35 different genes involved in the synthesis of flavonoids were identified by MapMan analysis. The key genes (PAL, 4CL, CCR, CHI, CHS, C4H, FLS) that might be involved in the formation of flavonoid were highly expressed after 2 h of MeJA treatment. This study provides new insights and data supporting the molecular mechanism underlying the metabolism and synthesis of flavonoids in C. vietnamensis under MeJA treatment.
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Yu XM, Wang J, Gao R, Gong BC, Ai CX. Integrated Metabolomic-Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Diverse Resource of Functional Ingredients From Persimmon Leaves of Different Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904208. [PMID: 35693179 PMCID: PMC9175000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon leaves are used for making persimmon leaf tea or as functional ingredients due to their enrichment in flavonoids, the beneficial mineral contents, and favorable flavors contributed by volatile aroma compounds. The varieties/cultivars had a significant influence on the quality and flavor of persimmon leaf tea. In this study, the integrated metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the potential in flavonoid biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and degradation of aromatic compounds from tender leaves of "Diospyros kaki. Heishi" (HS), "Diospyros kaki Thunb. Nishimurawase" (NM), and "Diospyros kaki Thunb. Taifu" (TF), using rootstock "Diospyros Lotus Linn" (DL) as the control. The metabolomic analysis showed that 382, 391, and 368 metabolites were differentially accumulated in the comparison of DL vs. HS, DL vs. NM, and DL vs. TF, respectively, and 229 common metabolites were obtained by comparative analysis. By RNA sequencing, 182,008 unigenes with 652 bp of mean length were annotated and 2,598, 3,503, and 3,333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected from the comparison of DL vs. HS, DL vs. NM, and DL vs. TF, respectively. After the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, 6, 6, and 3 DEGs [with | log2(fold change)| ≥ 1 simultaneously in the three comparisons] involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and degradation of aromatic compounds, respectively, were selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation and the consistent trends of the relative expression level of each DEG with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data were observed. Based on the transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR validation, it was observed that the leaves of HS, NM, and TF had the greatest level of mineral absorption, flavonoid biosynthesis, and degradation of aromatic compounds, respectively. In addition, a positive correlation between the 15 DEGs and their metabolites was observed by the conjoint analysis. Thus, the tender leaves of HS, NM, and TF could be recommended for the production of persimmon leaf tea rich in mineral elements, flavonoid, and aroma compounds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Yu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Bang-Chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
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Li C, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Duan C, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Eutrema EsMYB90 Gene Improves Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Transgenic Wheat Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856163. [PMID: 35574106 PMCID: PMC9102796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ectopic expression of the EsMYB90 transcription factor gene from halophytic Eutrema salsugineum has been reported to enhance the level of anthocyanin and other flavonoid metabolites in transgenic tobacco. In this study, the wheat JW1 overexpressing EsMYB90 showed longer roots and higher fresh weight than that in wild type (WT) under salt stress. In addition, the transgenic wheat plants displayed significantly higher peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, as well as markedly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than that of the WT during salt stress conditions. The analysis of histochemical staining and H2O2 level indicated that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly lower in the roots of transgenic wheat plants compared to the WT under salt stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the EsMYB90 gene affected the expression of considerable amounts of stress-related genes that were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity in transgenic plants subjected to NaCl treatment. Importantly, the significantly upregulated expression genes in transgenic wheat under salt stress were mainly associated with the antioxidative enzymes POD and GST encoding genes compared with the WT. Furthermore, EsMYB90 is suggested to bind with the MYB-binding elements of pTaANS2 and pTaDFR1 by dual luciferase assay, to activate the transcription of TaANS2 and TaDFR1 genes that are encoding key enzymes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in transgenic wheat plants. All the results indicated that, under salt stress, the EsMYB90 gene plays a crucial role in preventing wheat seedlings from oxidative stress damage via enhancing the accumulation of non-enzymatic flavonoids and activities of antioxidative enzymes, which suggested that EsMYB90 is an ideal candidate gene for the genetic engineering of crops.
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Shi M, Ali MM, He Y, Ma S, Rizwan HM, Yang Q, Li B, Lin Z, Chen F. Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple ( Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and Yellow ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) Passion Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112240. [PMID: 34834602 PMCID: PMC8620868 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and yellow (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) passion fruit were collected at five developmental stages (i.e., fruitlet, green, veraison, maturation, and ripening stage) from an orchard located at Nanping, Fujian, China. The contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, and their metabolites were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism were measured, and expression profiling of related genes was done using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and procyanidins were found to be increased in the fruit peel of both cultivars with fruit maturity. Total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins, flavonoid metabolites (i.e., rutin, luteolin, and quercetin), and anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were found abundant in the peel of purple passion fruit, as compared to yellow passion fruit. Principle component analysis showed that the enzymes, i.e., C4H, 4CL, UFGT, and GST were maybe involved in the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in the peel of passion fruit cultivars. Meanwhile, PePAL4, Pe4CL2,3, PeCHS2, and PeGST7 may play an important role in flavonoid metabolism in fruit peel of the passion fruit. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Yinying He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Songfeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Qiang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Binqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.C.)
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