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Oakley AJ. Hidden Glutathione Transferases in the Human Genome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1240. [PMID: 37627305 PMCID: PMC10452860 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of accurate protein structure prediction algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of structural biology. AI-based algorithms have been used to analyze large amounts of protein sequence data including the human proteome, complementing experimental structure data found in resources such as the Protein Data Bank. The EBI AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (for example) contains over 230 million structures. In this study, these data have been analyzed to find all human proteins containing (or predicted to contain) the cytosolic glutathione transferase (cGST) fold. A total of 39 proteins were found, including the alpha-, mu-, pi-, sigma-, zeta- and omega-class GSTs, intracellular chloride channels, metaxins, multisynthetase complex components, elongation factor 1 complex components and others. Three broad themes emerge: cGST domains as enzymes, as chloride ion channels and as protein-protein interaction mediators. As the majority of cGSTs are dimers, the AI-based structure prediction algorithm AlphaFold-multimer was used to predict structures of all pairwise combinations of these cGST domains. Potential homo- and heterodimers are described. Experimental biochemical and structure data is used to highlight the strengths and limitations of AI-predicted structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Oakley
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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2
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Chang ZY, Chen CW, Tsai MJ, Chen CC, Alshetaili A, Hsiao YT, Fang JY. The elucidation of structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships for the cutaneous delivery of phytosterols to attenuate psoriasiform inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110202. [PMID: 37075671 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the capacity of campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol on the mitigation of psoriasiform inflammation. We also tried to establish structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships for these plant sterols. To support this study, we first approached the in silico data of the physicochemical properties and the molecular docking of phytosterols with stratum corneum (SC) lipids. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phytosterols was explored in the activated keratinocytes and macrophages. Using the activated keratinocyte model, a significant inhibition of IL-6 and CXCL8 overexpression by phytosterols was detected. A comparable inhibition level was found for the three phytosterols tested. The macrophage-based study showed that the anti-IL-6 and anti-CXCL8 activities of campesterol were greater than those of the other compounds, which indicated that a phytosterol structure without a double bond on C22 and with methyl moiety on C24 was more effective. The conditioned medium of phytosterol-treated macrophages decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in the keratinocytes, suggesting the inhibition of keratinocyte hyperproliferation. β-sitosterol was the penetrant with the highest pig skin absorption (0.33 nmol/mg), followed by campesterol (0.21 nmol/mg) and stigmasterol (0.16 nmol/mg). The therapeutic index (TI) is a parameter measured by multiplying the cytokine/chemokine suppression percentage with skin absorption for anticipating the anti-inflammatory activity after topical delivery. β-sitosterol is a potential candidate for treating psoriatic inflammation due to having the greatest TI value. In this study, β-sitosterol attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in the psoriasis-like mouse model. The psoriasiform epidermis thickness could be reduced from 92.4 to 63.8 μm by the topical use of β-sitosterol, with a downregulation of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL1. The skin tolerance study manifested that the reference drug betamethasone but not β-sitosterol could generate barrier dysfunction. β-sitosterol possessed anti-inflammatory activity and facile skin transport, showing the potential for development as an anti-psoriatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Tai Hsiao
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chen X, Deng Q, Li X, Xian L, Xian D, Zhong J. Natural Plant Extract - Loganin: A Hypothesis for Psoriasis Treatment Through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Equilibrating Immunity via Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:407-417. [PMID: 36817639 PMCID: PMC9936880 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s396173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, influences approximately 2-3% of the world's population. At present, the etiology of psoriasis remains unclear and there is still no causal treatment available. Recent studies indicate that oxidative stress (OS) and T cells dysregulation may participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, among which M1-dominant macrophage polarization is a crucial contributor. Macrophages mainly polarize into two different subsets, ie, classically activated macrophage (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2). M1 polarization tends to exacerbate psoriasis via producing substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators, to encourage OS invasion and T cells dysregulation. Thus, targeting M1 polarization can be a possible therapeutic alternative for psoriasis. Loganin, belonging to iridoid glycosides, is a pharmaceutically active ingredient originated from Cornus officinalis, exerting multiple biological activities, eg, immunomodulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, etc. More importantly, it could effectively suppress M1 polarization, thereby arresting OS aggression and T cells' dysregulation. Numerous studies have confirmed that loganin is quite reliable for diseases treatment via suppressing M1 polarization. Nevertheless, reports about loganin treating psoriasis have seldom appeared so far. Accordingly, we hold a hypothesis that loganin would availably manage psoriasis through preventing M1 polarization. Data from previous studies guarantee the potential of loganin in control of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyan Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehai Xian
- Department of Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jianqiao Zhong, Email ; Dehai Xian, Email
| | - Jianqiao Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jianqiao Zhong, Email ; Dehai Xian, Email
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Lin CY, Yu HP, Chang YT, Lin ZC, Alalaiwe A, Hwang TL, Fang JY. Targeting anti-inflammatory immunonanocarriers to human and murine neutrophils via the Ly6 antigen for psoriasiform dermatitis alleviation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:873-893. [PMID: 36515218 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a refractory and difficult-to-treat skin disorder. The neutrophil-targeting approach represents a promising option for psoriasis therapy. This study developed and examined NIMP-R14-conjugated immunonanoparticles for specific targeting to neutrophils associated with psoriasiform dermatitis. In the process, roflumilast (RFL), as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor, was encapsulated in the nanocarriers to assess the anti-inflammatory capability against primary neutrophil activation and murine psoriasiform lesion. The average size and surface charge of the immunonanocarriers were 305 ± 36 nm and -18 ± 6 mV, respectively. The monovalent antibody-conjugated nanoparticles offered precise uptake by both human and mouse neutrophils but failed to exhibit this effect in monocytes and lymphocytes. The intracellular RFL concentration of the immunonanocarriers was five-fold superior to that of the passive counterparts. The immunonanocarriers specifically recognized the neutrophils through the Ly6 antigen with no apparent cytotoxicity. The antibody-conjugated nanoparticles mitigated superoxide anion production and migration of the activated human neutrophils. The in vivo biodistribution in the psoriasiform mice, found using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-mass-mass analysis, showed that the antibody conjugation increased the nanoparticle residence in systemic circulation after intravenous administration. On the other hand, most of the nanoparticles were accumulated in the lesional skin after subcutaneous injection. The actively-targeted nanocarriers were better than the free RFL and unfunctionalized nanoparticles in suppressing psoriasiform inflammation. The immunonanocarriers reduced neutrophil recruitment and epidermal hyperplasia in the plaque. Intravenous and subcutaneous treatments with the immunonanocarriers significantly reduced the overexpressed cytokines and chemokines in the inflamed skin, demonstrating that the nanosystems could both systematically and locally alleviate inflammation. The results indicated that the NIMP-R14-conjugated RFL-loaded nanoparticles have potential as an anti-autoimmune disease delivery system for neutrophil targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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MiR-150 blunts cardiac dysfunction in mice with cardiomyocyte loss of β 1-adrenergic receptor/β-arrestin signaling and controls a unique transcriptome. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:504. [PMID: 36585403 PMCID: PMC9803679 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) is found primarily in hearts (mainly in cardiomyocytes [CMs]) and β-arrestin-mediated β1AR signaling elicits cardioprotection through CM survival. We showed that microRNA-150 (miR-150) is upregulated by β-arrestin-mediated β1AR signaling and that CM miR-150 inhibits maladaptive remodeling post-myocardial infarction. Here, we investigate whether miR-150 rescues cardiac dysfunction in mice bearing CM-specific abrogation of β-arrestin-mediated β1AR signaling. Using CM-specific transgenic (TG) mice expressing a mutant β1AR (G protein-coupled receptor kinase [GRK]-β1AR that exhibits impairment in β-arrestin-mediated β1AR signaling), we first generate a novel double TG mouse line overexpressing miR-150. We demonstrate that miR-150 is sufficient to improve cardiac dysfunction in CM-specific GRK-β1AR TG mice following chronic catecholamine stimulation. Our genome-wide circular RNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and mRNA profiling analyses unveil a subset of cardiac ncRNAs and genes as heretofore unrecognized mechanisms for beneficial actions of β1AR/β-arrestin signaling or miR-150. We further show that lncRNA Gm41664 and GDAP1L1 are direct novel upstream and downstream regulators of miR-150. Lastly, CM protective actions of miR-150 are attributed to repressing pro-apoptotic GDAP1L1 and are mitigated by pro-apoptotic Gm41664. Our findings support the idea that miR-150 contributes significantly to β1AR/β-arrestin-mediated cardioprotection by regulating unique ncRNA and gene signatures in CMs.
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New Insights into Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112851. [PMID: 36361637 PMCID: PMC9654227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Li AH, Qi MM, Li WW, Yu XQ, Yang LL, Wang J, Li D. Prediction and verification of the effect of psoriasis on coronary heart disease based on artificial neural network. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10677. [PMID: 36164531 PMCID: PMC9508559 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Psoriasis is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. It is important for predicting the complications of coronary heart disease in patients with psoriasis. Methods In this study, related cases were collected from the case system of Qingdao University, and commonly used laboratory indicators were extracted. Artificial neural network (ANN) and logistics regression analysis were used to learn to distinguish psoriasis patients, coronary heart disease patients, and psoriasis patients with coronary heart disease. We identified independent risk factors for coronary heart disease in psoriasis patients that exacerbate coronary heart disease symptoms in patients with psoriasis. Findings Analysis shows that the accuracy of the ANN model was higher than 79%. It was determined that age, chlorinated, phosphorus, magnesium, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with psoriasis. Similarly, gender, age, chlorinated, magnesium, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein are risk factors that exacerbate coronary heart disease symptoms in patients with psoriasis. Interpretation The presented approach is a valuable tool for identifying psoriasis patients, coronary heart disease patients, and psoriasis patients with coronary heart disease. It can also serve as a support tool clinicians in the diagnostic process, by providing an outstanding support in the diagnostics prevention of coronary heart disease in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Meng Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- Department of Hematology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Haici Hospital (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Lee WR, Chou WL, Lin ZC, Sung CT, Lin CY, Fang JY. Laser-assisted nanocarrier delivery to achieve cutaneous siRNA targeting for attenuating psoriasiform dermatitis. J Control Release 2022; 347:590-606. [PMID: 35623494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder presenting the excessive expression of interleukin (IL)-6. The topical use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been increasingly discovered for treating skin diseases. A delivery system capable of protecting siRNA while facilitating both skin targeting and cellular entrance is critical for the successful medication of topically-applied siRNA. Herein, we developed a delivery system for siRNA based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and combined this system with an ablative laser to promote skin absorption for topical psoriasis therapy. The siRNA absorption enhancement was compared by two laser modalities: a fractional CO2 laser and a fully-ablative Er:YAG laser. We characterized the effect of the delivery system by the cellular uptake, IL-6 silencing, in vitro skin absorption, cutaneous biodistribution, and in vivo psoriasiform dermatitis in mice. The nanocarriers showed minimal cytotoxicity and facile cellular uptake to knock down the IL-6 expression. The nanoformulation containing a cationic surfactant (Forestall) for ion pairing with siRNA achieved a 66% and 77% IL-6 knockdown efficiency toward keratinocytes and macrophages, respectively. In the Franz cell absorption, the lasers increased the naked siRNA penetration to the receptor compartment by 3.7-5.0-fold but remarkably reduced skin deposition using imiquimod (IMQ)-treated psoriasiform skin as the barrier. The fractional laser facilitated nanoparticle-associated siRNA skin deposition up to 3.3-fold, whereas the transport of the nanocarriers to the receptor was negligible. Qualitatively, the lasers increased nanoparticle delivery in the epidermis with limited effect to elevate the penetration depth. The fractional-mediated nanocarrier delivery dramatically attenuated the erythema and scaly lesions of psoriasiform dermatitis. The histological examination displayed a reduction of epidermal hyperplasia and macrophage infiltration by the combination of laser and nanosystem. The passive and laser-assisted naked siRNA delivery was less effective in mitigating dermatitis. The topical delivery of fractional laser-assisted nanoparticles on mice resulted in a 56% IL-6 knockdown. Our results manifested the benefit of cutaneous siRNA targeting using ablative lasers to deliver nanocarriers for treating psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wikramanayake TC, Chéret J, Sevilla A, Birch-Machin M, Paus R. Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: Beyond oxidative damage and skin aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:233-259. [PMID: 35249436 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2049756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of the role of the mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is a significant aspect of dermatological research. Mitochondria generate most reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, excessive ROS are cytotoxic and DNA-damaging and promote (photo-)aging. ROS also possesses key physiological and regulatory functions and mitochondrial dysfunction is prominent in several skin diseases including skin cancers. Although many standard dermatotherapeutics modulate mitochondrial function, dermatological therapy rarely targets the mitochondria. Accordingly, there is a rationale for "mitochondrial dermatology"-based approaches to be applied to therapeutic research. AREAS COVERED This paper examines the functions of mitochondria in cutaneous physiology beyond energy (ATP) and ROS production. Keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier maintenance, appendage morphogenesis and homeostasis, photoaging and skin cancer are considered. Based on related PubMed search results, the paper evaluates thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D3 derivatives, retinoids, cannabinoid receptor agonists, PPARγ agonists, thyrotropin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone as instructive lead compounds. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein MPZL3 as a promising new drug target for future "mitochondrial dermatology" is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Future dermatological therapeutic research should have a mitochondrial medicine emphasis. Focusing on selected lead agents, protein targets, in silico drug design, and model diseases will fertilize a mito-centric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and The UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Tseng CH, Lin CF, Aljuffali IA, Huang JR, Yang SH, Fang JY. The effectiveness of synthetic methoxylated isoflavones in delivering to the skin and alleviating psoriasiform lesions via topical absorption. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121629. [PMID: 35245633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to appraise the possible potential of synthetic isoflavones (SIFs) on psoriasis treatment. A practical and easy-to-operate approach was employed in synthesizing a series of SIFs, considering that acquiring flavonoids from natural resources is usually expensive, time-consuming, and non-eco-friendly. Seven SIFs derived from daidzein were produced with differences in the location of the hydroxyl groups and degree of methoxylation. The in vitro and in vivo skin absorption of topically applied SIFs was estimated. Further, keratinocytes (HaCaT) were employed as the model to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the isoflavones. The lipophilicity was increased from SIF-1 to -7. Noteworthily, there was a parabolic relationship between lipophilicity and skin absorption, with SIF-5 (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone, daidzein) and SIF-6 (7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone, cladrin) demonstrating the highest retention in pig skin. The methoxylated isoflavone SIF-5 showed the greatest permeation into barrier-deficient skin among the compounds tested, with a 6- and 8-fold increase after lipid and protein removal. The cell-based study exhibited the capability of SIFs to restrain the overexpressed IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL1 in stimulated HaCaT. The therapeutic index (TI) predicted the potential candidates of SIF-5 and SIF-6 for topical application to treat psoriatic inflammation. The imiquimod (IMQ)-driven psoriasiform murine model manifested the inhibition of hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration by topically administered SIF-5 and SIF-6. The epidermal thickness of IMQ-treated skin was decreased from 172 to 40 μm by both isoflavones. This effect was comparable with that of betamethasone, the positive control. The topical treatment of SIF-6 significantly reduced cytokine/chemokine upregulation by IMQ. The methoxylated isoflavone with dramatic anti-inflammatory activity is promising for the development of an antipsoriatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hua Tseng
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jhao-Rong Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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