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Ernst S, Nonno R, Langeveld J, Andreoletti O, Acin C, Papasavva-Stylianou P, Sklaviadis T, Acutis PL, van Keulen L, Spiropoulos J, Keller M, Groschup MH, Fast C. Characterisation of European Field Goat Prion Isolates in Ovine PrP Overexpressing Transgenic Mice (Tgshp IX) Reveals Distinct Prion Strains. Pathogens 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 39204230 PMCID: PMC11357236 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
After the detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and a zoonotic transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) caused by the pathological prion protein (PrPSc) in two goats, the investigation of goat prions became of greater interest. Therefore, a broad collection of European goat TSE isolates, including atypical scrapie, CH1641 and goat BSE as reference prion strains were biochemically characterised and subsequently inoculated into seven rodent models for further analysis (already published results of this comprehensive study are reviewed here for comparative reasons). We report here the histopathological and immunohistochemical data of this goat TSE panel, obtained after the first passage in Tgshp IX (tg-shARQ) mice, which overexpress the ovine prion protein. In addition to the clear-cut discrimination of all reference prion strains from the classical scrapie (CS) isolates, we were further able to determine three categories of CS strains. The investigation further indicates the occurrence of sub-strains that slightly resemble distant TSE strains, such as BSE or CH1641, reinforcing the theory that CS is not a single strain but a mixture of sub-strains, existing at varying extents in one isolate. This study further proved that Tgshp IX is a potent and reliable tool for the in-depth characterisation of prion strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Ernst
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany; (S.E.)
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Langeveld
- Wageningen BioVeterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Andreoletti
- UMR INRAe/ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Cristina Acin
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza IA2 IIS Aragón, C/ Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Theodoros Sklaviadis
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Lucien van Keulen
- Wageningen BioVeterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - John Spiropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Animal Science, APHA Weybridge, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Markus Keller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany; (S.E.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany; (S.E.)
| | - Christine Fast
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany; (S.E.)
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Fatola OI, Keller M, Balkema-Buschmann A, Olopade J, Groschup MH, Fast C. Strain Typing of Classical Scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) by Using Ovine PrP (ARQ/ARQ) Overexpressing Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126744. [PMID: 35743187 PMCID: PMC9223460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), caused by abnormal prion protein (PrPSc), affect many species. The most classical scrapie isolates harbor mixtures of strains in different proportions. While the characterization of isolates has evolved from using wild-type mice to transgenic mice, no standardization is established yet. Here, we investigated the incubation period, lesion profile and PrPSc profile induced by well-defined sheep scrapie isolates, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and ovine BSE after intracerebral inoculation into two lines of ovine PrP (both ARQ/ARQ) overexpressing transgenic mice (Tgshp IX and Tgshp XI). All isolates were transmitted to both mouse models with an attack rate of almost 100%, but genotype-dependent differences became obvious between the ARQ and VRQ isolates. Surprisingly, BSE induced a much longer incubation period in Tgshp XI compared to Tgshp IX. In contrast to the histopathological lesion profiles, the immunohistochemical PrPSc profiles revealed discriminating patterns in certain brain regions in both models with clear differentiation of both BSE isolates from scrapie. These data provide the basis for the use of Tgshp IX and XI mice in the characterization of TSE isolates. Furthermore, the results enable a deeper appreciation of TSE strain diversity using ovine PrP overexpressing transgenic mice as a biological prion strain typing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju I. Fatola
- Neurosience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria; (O.I.F.); (J.O.)
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Isle of Riems, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Markus Keller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Isle of Riems, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Isle of Riems, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - James Olopade
- Neurosience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria; (O.I.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Isle of Riems, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Christine Fast
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Isle of Riems, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.-B.); (M.H.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1274
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