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Liu Q, Wen J, Wang S, Chen J, Sun Y, Liu Q, Li X, Dong S. Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and potential roles under low-temperature stress of bHLH gene family in Prunus sibirica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1267107. [PMID: 37799546 PMCID: PMC10548393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1267107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family is one of the most well-known transcription factor families in plants, and it regulates growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, systematic analyses of the bHLH gene family in Prunus sibirica have not been reported to date. In this study, 104 PsbHLHs were identified and classified into 23 subfamilies that were unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes. Nineteen pairs of segmental replication genes and ten pairs of tandem replication genes were identified, and all duplicated gene pairs were under purifying selection. PsbHLHs of the same subfamily usually share similar motif compositions and exon-intron structures. PsbHLHs contain multiple stress-responsive elements. PsbHLHs exhibit functional diversity by interacting and coordinating with other members. Twenty PsbHLHs showed varying degrees of expression. Eleven genes up-regulated and nine genes down-regulated in -4°C. The majority of PsbHLHs were highly expressed in the roots and pistils. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that transgenic plants with overexpressed PsbHLH42 have better cold tolerance. In conclusion, the results of this study have significant implications for future research on the involvement of bHLH genes in the development and stress responses of Prunus sibirica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quangang Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaxing Wen
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shipeng Wang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongqiang Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengjun Dong
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Wang W, Hou L, Li S, Li J. The Functional Characterization of DzCYP72A12-4 Related to Diosgenin Biosynthesis and Drought Adaptability in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098430. [PMID: 37176134 PMCID: PMC10179397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a perennial herb famous for the production of diosgenin, which is a valuable initial material for the industrial synthesis of steroid drugs. Sterol C26-hydroxylases, such as TfCYP72A616 and PpCYP72A613, play an important role in the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway. In the present study, a novel gene, DzCYP72A12-4, was identified as C26-hydroxylase and was found to be involved in diosgenin biosynthesis, for the first time in D. zingiberensis, using comprehensive methods. Then, the diosgenin heterogenous biosynthesis pathway starting from cholesterol was created in stable transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) harboring DzCYP90B71(QPZ88854), DzCYP90G6(QPZ88855) and DzCYP72A12-4. Meanwhile, diosgenin was detected in the transgenic tobacco using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system (Vanquish UPLC 689, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) tandem MS (Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Further RT-qPCR analysis showed that DzCYP72A12-4 was highly expressed in both rhizomes and leaves and was upregulated under 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment, indicating that DzCYP72A12-4 may be related to drought resistance. In addition, the germination rate of the diosgenin-producing tobacco seeds was higher than that of the negative controls under 15% PEG pressure. In addition, the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) was lower in the diosgenin-producing tobacco seedlings than those of the control, indicating higher drought adaptability. The results of this study provide valuable information for further research on diosgenin biosynthesis in D. zingiberensis and its functions related to drought adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Xue P, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ito Y, Dou J, Guo Z. Research progress of diosgenin extraction from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright: Inspiration of novel method with environmental protection and efficient characteristics. Steroids 2023; 192:109181. [PMID: 36642106 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin was the starting materials to synthesize various hormone drugs and mainly generated from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright by acidolysis, enzymolysis, microbiological fermentation, and integrated manner. Only acidic hydrolysis with strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid was used in practice in diosgenin enterprises due to their feasibility and simplicity, nevertheless finally resulting in a great deal of unmanageable wastewater and severely polluted the surrounding environment. Aiming to provide a comprehensive and up-to date information of researches on diosgenin production from this plant, 151 cases were collected from scientific databases including Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). Their advantages and disadvantages with different production methods were analyzed based on these available data in this review paper. Considering the fact that nearly all of diosgenin enterprises were closed for the environmental protection and the life health of the people, this review paper was beneficial for providing useful guidelines to develop novel technologies with environmentally-friendly and cleaner features for diosgenin production or facilitate the transformation of other methods like enzymolysis, microbiological fermentation, or integrated methods from laboratory scale to industry scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyun Xue
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Xue
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianwei Dou
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- Institute of Targeted Drugs, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Li Y, Yang H, Li Z, Li S, Li J. Advances in the Biosynthesis and Molecular Evolution of Steroidal Saponins in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032620. [PMID: 36768941 PMCID: PMC9917158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are an important type of plant-specific metabolite that are essential for plants' responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Because of their extensive pharmacological activities, steroidal saponins are also important industrial raw materials for the production of steroidal drugs. In recent years, more and more studies have explored the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins in plants, but most of them only focused on the biosynthesis of their molecular skeleton, diosgenin, and their subsequent glycosylation modification mechanism needs to be further studied. In addition, the biosynthetic regulation mechanism of steroidal saponins, their distribution pattern, and their molecular evolution in plants remain unclear. In this review, we summarized and discussed recent studies on the biosynthesis, molecular regulation, and function of steroidal saponins. Finally, we also reviewed the distribution and molecular evolution of steroidal saponins in plants. The elucidation of the biosynthesis, regulation, and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of steroidal saponins is crucial to provide new insights and references for studying their distribution, diversity, and evolutionary history in plants. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of steroidal saponin biosynthesis will contribute to their industrial production and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaru Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-3599
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Hou L, Zhang F, Yuan X, Li S, Tian W, Tian W, Li J. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes for polyphyllin difference in five Paris species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13810. [PMID: 36326141 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paris species accumulate a large amount of steroidal saponins, which have numerous pharmacological activities and have become an essential component in many patented drugs. However, only two among all Paris species. Paris are identified as official sources due to high level of bioactive compounds. To clarify the composition of steroidal saponins and the molecular basis behind the differences between species, we investigated transcriptome and metabolic profiles of leaves and rhizomes in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC), Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY), Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla (PPS), Paris fargesii (PF), and Paris mairei (PM). Phytochemical results displayed that the accumulation of steroidal saponins was tissue- and species-specific. PF and PPS contained more steroidal saponins in leaves than rhizomes, while PPY accumulated more steroidal saponins in rhizomes than leaves. PPC and PM contained similar amounts of steroidal saponins in leaves and rhizomes. Transcriptome analysis illustrated that most differentially expressed genes related to the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins were abundantly expressed in rhizomes than leaves. Meanwhile, more biosynthetic genes had significant correlations with steroidal saponins in rhizomes than in leaves. The result of CCA indicated that ACAT, DXS, DWF1, and CYP90 constrained 97.35% of the variance in bioactive compounds in leaves, whereas CYP72, UGT73, ACAT, and GPPS constrained 98.61% of the variance in phytochemicals in rhizomes. This study provided critical information for enhancing the production of steroidal saponins by biotechnological approaches and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Furui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xincheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Tian
- Yunnan Baotian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Weirong Tian
- Yunnan Baotian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hou L, Li S, Zhang F, Gu Y, Li J. Effect of exogenous jasmonic acid on physiology and steroidal saponin accumulation in Dioscorea zingiberensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:1-10. [PMID: 35792454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a valuable medicinal herb rich in steroidal saponins. To reveal the role of jasmonic acid (JA) on physiology and steroidal saponins accumulation, D. zingiberensis were treated with different concentrations of JA. The antioxidant capacity, photosynthetic parameters, fatty acids and metabolites related to steroidal saponins biosynthesis (phytosterols, diosgenin and steroidal saponins) were examined under JA treatment. The results demonstrated that JA treatment caused a great reduction in MDA, stomatal width, photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic pigment, induced a considerable increase in proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD and SOD), and leaded to a significant up-regulation in the expression of genes related to antioxidant system and chlorophyll degradation. Specialized metabolites displayed various changes under different concentrations of JA. The majority of fatty acids exhibited negative responses to JA treatment in leaf and rhizome. In leaf, JA treatment enhanced the accumulation of phytosterols and diosgenin, but decreased the accumulation of steroidal saponins. However, steroidal saponins were mainly accumulated in rhizome and were highly increased by JA treatment. Redundancy analysis illustrated that fatty acids were strongly associated with metabolites related to steroidal saponins. Among all fatty acids, C16:0, C18:1, C18:3, C22:0 and C24:0 contributed most to the variation in metabolites related to steroidal saponin biosynthesis. Overall, JA treatment leaded to an increase in steroidal saponins, but an inhibition of plant growth. Thus, the negative effects of JA application on plant physiology should be carefully assessed before being utilized to increase the production of steroidal saponins in D. zingiberensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Furui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yongbin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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7
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Li Y, Tan C, Li Z, Guo J, Li S, Chen X, Wang C, Dai X, Yang H, Song W, Hou L, Xu J, Tong Z, Xu A, Yuan X, Wang W, Yang Q, Chen L, Sun Z, Wang K, Pan B, Chen J, Bao Y, Liu F, Qi X, Gang DR, Wen J, Li J. The genome of Dioscorea zingiberensis sheds light on the biosynthesis, origin and evolution of the medicinally important diosgenin saponins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac165. [PMID: 36204203 PMCID: PMC9531337 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin saponins isolated from Dioscorea species such as D. zingiberensis exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Diosgenin, the aglycone of diosgenin saponins, is an important starting material for the production of steroidal drugs. However, how plants produce diosgenin saponins and the origin and evolution of the diosgenin saponin biosynthetic pathway remain a mystery. Here we report a high-quality, 629-Mb genome of D. zingiberensis anchored on 10 chromosomes with 30 322 protein-coding genes. We reveal that diosgenin is synthesized in leaves ('source'), then converted into diosgenin saponins, and finally transported to rhizomes ('sink') for storage in plants. By evaluating the distribution and evolutionary patterns of diosgenin saponins in Dioscorea species, we find that diosgenin saponin-containing may be an ancestral trait in Dioscorea and is selectively retained. The results of comparative genomic analysis indicate that tandem duplication coupled with a whole-genome duplication event provided key evolutionary resources for the diosgenin saponin biosynthetic pathway in the D. zingiberensis genome. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis among 13 Dioscorea species suggests that specific gene expression patterns of pathway genes promote the differential evolution of the diosgenin saponin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea species. Our study provides important insights and valuable resources for further understanding the biosynthesis, evolution, and utilization of plant specialized metabolites such as diosgenin saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaokang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ziyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Anran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xincheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zongyi Sun
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yinghua Bao
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Faguang Liu
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
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