1
|
de Oliveira M, da Silva EKP, Brovini EM, Rubio KTS, de Aquino SF, Martucci MEP. Identification of metabolites generated in the biotransformation process by the Danio rerio (zebrafish) exposed to the fungicide tebuconazole. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106770. [PMID: 37995559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide widely used in agricultural crops for control of multiple fungal, mainly foliar and soil-borne diseases. Due to its intense use, this pesticide has been detected on aquatic matrices in different countries, which makes it necessary to identify metabolites capable to be used in its exposure monitoring. The aim of this work was to evaluate tebuconazole metabolites in zebrafish water tanks using liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer (LCHRMS) to highlight analytical targets to monitor tebuconazole exposure in aquatic environments. Two Phase I metabolites, TEB-OH and TEB-COOH, and one Phase II metabolite, TEB-S, were identified. Target metabolomics pointed TEB-S as the most important metabolite for discrimination between treatment and negative control group and potential surrogate for detection and monitoring of tebuconazole exposure in aquatic environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest the sulphation of tebuconazole (TEB-S) by zebrafish metabolism. Moreover, the use of water samples proved to be a promising approach when compared to the usual biological matrices (e.g. plasma) for evaluating the exposure of aquatic animals to tebuconazole because it is a clean and easy to obtain matrix. Water samples presented a higher concentration of metabolites when compared to plasma samples. The results suggest the applicability of this assay model for the identification of potential biomarkers for monitoring the presence of xenobiotics in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Emilia Marques Brovini
- Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Karina Taciana Santos Rubio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Francisco de Aquino
- Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Elvira Poleti Martucci
- Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Study of Genotoxicity, Activities on Caspase 8 and on the Stabilization of the Topoisomerase Complex of Isoeleutherin and Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041630. [PMID: 36838618 PMCID: PMC9966911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the genotoxicity of Ethanol Extract (EEEp), Dichloromethane Fraction (FDCMEp) and isoeleutherin isolated from Eleutherine plicata, using the micronucleus test and the impact of structural alterations on toxicity and molecular docking (topoisomerase II and DNA complex). The extract was obtained by maceration and fractionation in a chromatography column. The genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus test in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). Isoeleutherin was the starting molecule in the search for analogues by structural similarity, using the ZINC and e-Molecules databases. Isoeleutherin and analogues were subjected to in silico toxicity prediction, and compounds free of toxicological risks (CP13, CP14, CP17 and isoeleutherin) were selected for molecular docking in Topoisomerase II (PDB: 1ZXM). In the micronucleus test, isoeleutherin was less genotoxic. Among the 22 isoeleutherin analogues there were variations in the toxicity profile. Molecular docking studies showed that the compounds have good complementarity in the active site with important hydrogens bonds. Therefore, the structural changes of isoeleutherin led to the obtaining of a molecule with a lower mutagenic potential, and the CP13 can be considered a prototype compound for the development of new molecules with pharmacological potential.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoyberghs J, Bars C, Ayuso M, Van Ginneken C, Foubert K, Van Cruchten S. DMSO Concentrations up to 1% are Safe to be Used in the Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Assay. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:804033. [PMID: 35295145 PMCID: PMC8915880 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.804033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a popular solvent for developmental toxicity testing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals in zebrafish embryos. In general, it is recommended to keep the final DMSO concentration as low as possible for zebrafish embryos, preferably not exceeding 100 μL/L (0.01%). However, higher concentrations of DMSO are often required to dissolve compounds in an aqueous medium. The aim of this study was to determine the highest concentration of DMSO that can be safely used in our standardized Zebrafish Embryo Developmental Toxicity Assay (ZEDTA). In the first part of this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations (0–2%) of DMSO. No increase in lethality or malformations was observed when using DMSO concentrations up to 1%. In a follow-up experiment, we assessed whether compounds that cause no developmental toxicity in the ZEDTA remain negative when dissolved in 1% DMSO, as false positive results due to physiological disturbances by DMSO should be avoided. To this end, zebrafish embryos were exposed to ascorbic acid and hydrochlorothiazide dissolved in 1% DMSO. Negative control groups were also included. No significant increase in malformations or lethality was observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, DMSO concentrations up to 1% can be safely used to dissolve compounds in the ZEDTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jente Hoyberghs
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Chloé Bars
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Comparative Perinatal Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|