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Messina M, Vaz FM, Rahman S. Mitochondrial membrane synthesis, remodelling and cellular trafficking. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38872485 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles with complex roles in metabolism and signalling. Primary mitochondrial disorders are a group of approximately 400 monogenic disorders arising from pathogenic genetic variants impacting mitochondrial structure, ultrastructure and/or function. Amongst these disorders, defects of complex lipid biosynthesis, especially of the unique mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin, and membrane biology are an emerging group characterised by clinical heterogeneity, but with recurrent features including cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy, neurodegeneration, neuropathy and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. This review discusses lipid synthesis in the mitochondrial membrane, the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organising system (MICOS), mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking, and the disorders associated with defects of each of these processes. We highlight overlapping functions of proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis and protein import into the mitochondria, pointing to an overarching coordination and synchronisation of mitochondrial functions. This review also focuses on membrane interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, namely the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, lysosomes and lipid droplets. We signpost disorders of these membrane interactions that may explain the observation of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in heterogeneous pathological processes. Disruption of these organellar interactions ultimately impairs cellular homeostasis and organismal health, highlighting the central role of mitochondria in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Messina
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Anyaegbunam UA, More P, Fontaine JF, Cate VT, Bauer K, Distler U, Araldi E, Bindila L, Wild P, Andrade-Navarro MA. A Systematic Review of Lipid-Focused Cardiovascular Disease Research: Trends and Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9904-9916. [PMID: 38132464 PMCID: PMC10742042 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important modifiers of protein function, particularly as parts of lipoproteins, which transport lipophilic substances and mediate cellular uptake of circulating lipids. As such, lipids are of particular interest as blood biological markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as for conditions linked to CVD such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity and dietary states. Notably, lipid research is particularly well developed in the context of CVD because of the relevance and multiple causes and risk factors of CVD. The advent of methods for high-throughput screening of biological molecules has recently resulted in the generation of lipidomic profiles that allow monitoring of lipid compositions in biological samples in an untargeted manner. These and other earlier advances in biomedical research have shaped the knowledge we have about lipids in CVD. To evaluate the knowledge acquired on the multiple biological functions of lipids in CVD and the trends in their research, we collected a dataset of references from the PubMed database of biomedical literature focused on plasma lipids and CVD in human and mouse. Using annotations from these records, we were able to categorize significant associations between lipids and particular types of research approaches, distinguish non-biological lipids used as markers, identify differential research between human and mouse models, and detect the increasingly mechanistic nature of the results in this field. Using known associations between lipids and proteins that metabolize or transport them, we constructed a comprehensive lipid-protein network, which we used to highlight proteins strongly connected to lipids found in the CVD-lipid literature. Our approach points to a series of proteins for which lipid-focused research would bring insights into CVD, including Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2, a.k.a. COX2) and Acylglycerol kinase (AGK). In this review, we summarize our findings, putting them in a historical perspective of the evolution of lipid research in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Alex Anyaegbunam
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group (CBDM), Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Piyush More
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group (CBDM), Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Fred Fontaine
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group (CBDM), Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection (ZEPP), 55545 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Vincent ten Cate
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Bauer
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Computational Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisa Araldi
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Computational Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group (CBDM), Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Lin X, Li Z, Ren Y, Zhao J. The translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 22-2 is required for mitochondrial membrane function during Arabidopsis seed development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4427-4448. [PMID: 37105529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The carrier translocase (also known as translocase of the inner membrane 22; TIM22 complex) is an important component of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus. However, the biological functions of AtTIM22-2 in Arabidopsis remain poorly defined. Here, we report studies on two tim22-2 mutants that exhibit defects in embryo and endosperm development, leading to seed abortion. AtTIM22-2, which was localized in mitochondria, was widely expressed in embryos and in various seedling organs. Loss of AtTIM22-2 function resulted in irregular mitochondrial cristae, decreased respiratory activity, and a lower membrane potential, together with changes in gene expression and enzyme activity related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, leading to increased accumulation of ROS in the embryo. The levels of transcripts encoding mitochondrial protein import components were also altered in the tim22-2 mutants. Furthermore, mass spectrometry, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AtTIM22-2 interacted with AtTIM23-2, AtB14.7 (a member of Arabidopsis OEP16 family encoded by At2G42210), and AT5G27395 (mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex, subunit TIM44-related protein). Taken together, these results demonstrate that AtTIM22-2 is essential for maintaining mitochondrial membrane functions during seed development. These findings lay the foundations for a new model of the composition and functions of the TIM22 complex in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaodi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yafang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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A novel AGK splicing mutation in a patient with Sengers syndrome and left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02515-3. [PMID: 36759750 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sengers syndrome characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an extremely rare genetic disorder. Sengers syndrome associated with left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) has not been described. METHODS Genetic testing was used to identify candidate AGK variants in the proband. The predicted molecular structures were constructed by protein modeling. Exon skipping caused by the identified splicing mutations was verified by in silico analyses and in vitro assays. The genotypic and phenotypic features of patients with AGK splicing mutations were extracted by a systematic review. RESULTS The proband was characterized by Sengers syndrome and LVNC and caused by a novel compound heterozygous AGK splicing mutation. This compound mutation simultaneously perturbed the protein sequences and spatial conformation of the acylglycerol kinase protein. In silico and in vitro analyses demonstrated skipping of exons 7 and 8 and premature truncation as a result of exon 8 skipping. The systematic review indicated that patients with an AGK splicing mutation may have milder phenotypes of Sengers syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The genotypic and phenotypic spectrums of Sengers syndrome have been expanded, which will provide essential information for genetic counseling. The molecular mechanism in AGK mutations can offer insights into the potential targets for treatment. IMPACT First description of a child with Sengers syndrome and left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. A novel pathogenic compound heterozygous splicing mutation in AGK for Sengers syndrome was identified. The identified mutations led to exons skipping by in silico analyses and in vitro assays.
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Baker MJ, Crameri JJ, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial biology and dysfunction in secondary mitochondrial disease. Open Biol 2022; 12:220274. [PMID: 36475414 PMCID: PMC9727669 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a broad, genetically heterogeneous class of metabolic disorders characterized by deficits in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) defines pathologies resulting from mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear genes affecting either mtDNA expression or the biogenesis and function of the respiratory chain. Secondary mitochondrial disease (SMD) arises due to mutation of nuclear-encoded genes independent of, or indirectly influencing OXPHOS assembly and operation. Despite instances of novel SMD increasing year-on-year, PMD is much more widely discussed in the literature. Indeed, since the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in 2010, many novel mitochondrial disease genes have been identified, approximately half of which are linked to SMD. This review will consolidate existing knowledge of SMDs and outline discrete categories within which to better understand the diversity of SMD phenotypes. By providing context to the biochemical and molecular pathways perturbed in SMD, we hope to further demonstrate the intricacies of SMD pathologies outside of their indirect contribution to mitochondrial energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Panicucci C, Schiaffino MC, Nesti C, Derchi M, Trocchio G, Severino M, Stagnaro N, Priolo E, Zara F, Santorelli FM, Bruno C. Long term follow-up in two siblings with Sengers syndrome: Case report. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:180. [PMID: 36253788 PMCID: PMC9575244 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sengers syndrome is characterized by congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, and lactic acidosis associated with mutations in AGK gene. Clinical course ranges from a severe fatal neonatal form, to a more benign form allowing survival into adulthood, to an isolated form of congenital cataract. Thus far few reported cases have survived the second decade at their latest examination, and no natural history data are available for the disease. Case presentation Here we provide a 20-year follow-up in two siblings with a benign form of Sengers syndrome, expanding the phenotypical spectrum of the disease by reporting a condition of ovarian agenesis. Conclusion To our knowledge, this report provides the first longitudinal data of Sengers syndrome patients. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-022-01370-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Panicucci
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini, 5, I-16147, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Derchi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Stagnaro
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Priolo
- Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini, 5, I-16147, Genova, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Different Pathophysiological Conditions 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105552. [PMID: 35628362 PMCID: PMC9144610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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