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Shirke AA, Wang J, Ramamurthy G, Mahanty A, Walker E, Zhang L, Panigrahi A, Wang X, Basilion JP. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in a Syngeneic Breast Cancer Mouse Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2024:10.1007/s11307-024-01920-2. [PMID: 38760621 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been studied in human breast cancer (BCa) biopsies, however, lack of data on PSMA expression in mouse models impedes development of PSMA-targeted therapies, particularly in improving breast conserving surgery (BCS) margins. This study aimed to validate and characterize the expression of PSMA in murine BCa models, demonstrating that PSMA can be utilized to improve therapies and imaging techniques. METHODS Murine triple negative breast cancer 4T1 cells, and human cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, implanted into the mammary fat pads of BALB/c mice, were imaged by our PSMA targeted theranostic agent, PSMA-1-Pc413, and tumor to background ratios (TBR) were calculated to validate selective uptake. Immunohistochemistry was used to correlate PSMA expression in relation to CD31, an endothelial cell biomarker highlighting neovasculature. PSMA expression was also quantified by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Accumulation of PSMA-1-Pc413 was observed in 4T1 primary tumors and associated metastases. Average TBR of 4T1 tumors were calculated to be greater than 1.5-ratio at which tumor tissues can be distinguished from normal structures-at peak accumulation with the signal intensity in 4T1 tumors comparable to that in high PSMA expressing PC3-pip tumors. Extraction of 4T1 tumors and lung metastases followed by RT-PCR analysis and PSMA-CD31 co-staining shows that PSMA is consistently localized on tumor neovasculature with no expression in tumor cells and surrounding normal tissues. CONCLUSION The selective uptake of PSMA-1-Pc413 in these cancer tissues as well as the characterization and validation of PSMA expression on neovasculature in this syngeneic 4T1 model emphasizes their potential for advancements in targeted therapies and imaging techniques for BCa. PSMA holds great promise as an oncogenic target for BCa and its associated metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi A Shirke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gopolakrishnan Ramamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Arpan Mahanty
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Abhiram Panigrahi
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B-49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Corpetti M, Müller C, Beltran H, de Bono J, Theurillat JP. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Therapies for Prostate Cancer: Towards Improving Therapeutic Outcomes. Eur Urol 2024; 85:193-204. [PMID: 38104015 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in most prostate cancers and exploited as a target for PSMA-targeted therapies. Different approaches to target PSMA-expressing cancer cells have been developed, showing promising results in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE To discuss the regulation of PSMA expression and the main PSMA-targeted therapeutic concepts illustrating their clinical development and rationalizing combination approaches with examples. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a detailed literature search using PubMed and reviewed the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology annual meeting abstracts up to September 2023. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We present an overarching description of the different strategies to target PSMA. The outcomes of PSMA-targeted therapies strongly rely on surface-bound PSMA expression. However, PSMA heterogeneity at different levels (interpatient and inter/intratumoral) limits the efficacy of PSMA-targeted therapies. We highlight the molecular mechanisms governing PSMA regulation, the understanding of which is crucial to designing therapeutic strategies aimed at upregulating PSMA expression. Thus far, homeobox B13 (HOXB13) and androgen receptor (AR) have emerged as critical transcription factors positively and negatively regulating PSMA expression, respectively. Furthermore, epigenetic regulation of PSMA has been also reported recently. In addition, many established therapeutic approaches harbor the potential to upregulate PSMA levels as well as potentiate DNA damage mediated by current radioligands. CONCLUSIONS PSMA-targeted therapies are rapidly advancing, but their efficacy is strongly limited by the heterogeneous expression of the target. A thorough comprehension of how PSMA is regulated will help improve the outcomes through increasing PSMA expression and will provide the basis for synergistic combination therapies. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in most prostate cancers. PSMA-targeted therapies have shown promising results, but the heterogeneous expression of PSMA limits their efficacy. We propose to better elucidate the regulation of PSMA expression to increase the levels of the target and improve the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Corpetti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Kato T, Kawakami K, Mizutani K, Ando T, Sakai Y, Sakurai K, Toyota S, Ehara H, Ito H, Ito M. H19 in Serum Extracellular Vesicles Reflects Resistance to AR Axis-targeted Therapy Among CRPC Patients. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:456-468. [PMID: 37643783 PMCID: PMC10464938 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to evaluate the changes of androgen receptor (AR) signaling-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) from prostate cancer (PC) patients, in order to identify novel biomarkers for AR axis-targeted therapy (ARAT)-resistance among castration-resistant PC (CRPC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS EVs were isolated from 2 patients before and after acquiring ARAT-resistance. RNA profiling of EVs was performed by RNA-sequencing. The expression levels of selected lncRNAs in EVs were analyzed by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) in 58 localized and 14 metastatic PC patients at diagnosis, 7 ARAT-naïve and 6 ARAT-resistant CRPC patients. LncRNA H19 expression in PC tissue was examined using published data. In order to analyze the role of H19, the prognosis was analyzed in PC patients and proteomic analysis was performed in 22Rv1 PC cells. RESULTS RNA-sequencing revealed that AR-regulated RNAs were most enriched in EVs after acquiring ARAT-resistance. Among them, up-regulation of AR signaling-related lncRNAs (PCAT1, H19, HOXA-11AS, ZEB1-AS1, ARLNC1, PART1, CTBP1-AS and PCA3) was confirmed by ddPCR. H19 contained in EVs (EV-H19) was significantly increased among ARAT-resistant patients compared to ARAT-naïve CRPC or metastatic PC patients. In PC tissue, H19 was negatively correlated with AR protein and AR-activity score and up-regulated in neuroendocrine CRPC tissue with low AR expression. Furthermore, EV-H19 expression was significantly associated with worse outcome to androgen-deprivation therapy. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that H19 knockdown enhanced PC-related protein expression. CONCLUSION EV-H19 may negatively correlate with AR-signaling activity and could be a marker to diagnose ARAT-resistance among CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kato
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan;
- Department of Urology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyojiro Kawakami
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shohei Toyota
- Department of Urology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ehara
- Department of Urology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Abiraterone Conjugate. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248795. [PMID: 36557929 PMCID: PMC9783881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men. The main method of its treatment is androgen deprivation therapy, which has a wide range of side effects. One of the solutions to this challenge is the targeted delivery of drugs to prostate cancer cells. In this study, we performed the synthesis of a novel small-molecule PSMA-targeted conjugate based on abiraterone. Cytotoxicity, the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and P450-cytochrome species inhibition were investigated for this conjugate PSMA-abiraterone. The conjugate demonstrated a preferential effect on prostate tumor cells, remaining inactive at up to 100 µM in human fibroblast cells. In addition, it revealed preferential efficacy, specifically on PSMA-expressing lines with a 65% tumor growth inhibition level on 22Rv1 (PSMA+) xenografts after 14-fold oral administration of PSMA-Abi at a single dose of 500 mg/kg (7.0 g/kg total dose) was observed. This compound showed significantly reduced acute toxicity with comparable efficacy compared to AbiAc.
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Sommer U, Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Baretton GB, Thomas C, Borkowetz A, Erb HHH. Influence of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on the PD-L1 Expression and Immune Activity in Prostate Cancer Tissue. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:878353. [PMID: 35836932 PMCID: PMC9273856 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.878353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a promising new therapy for cancer treatment. However, due to prostate cancer’s high heterogeneity and immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment, clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors for prostate cancer resulted in low or no response. This descriptive and retrospective study investigates the influence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell tumour infiltration and activity in primary prostate cancer tissue. Therefore, immunohistochemistry was used to assess PD-L1, CD8+ T-cell, and the immune activation marker Granzyme B (GrB) in PCa tissue before and under ADT. In line with previous studies, few prostate cancer tissues showed PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. However, PD-L1 expression levels on tumour cells or infiltrating immune cells above 5% generated an immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment harbouring hypofunctional CD8+ T-cells. Moreover, analysis of a longitudinal patient cohort before and under ADT revealed that ADT increased hypofunctional CD8+ T cells in the tumour area suggesting a tumour immune milieu optimal for targeting with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrich Sommer, ; Holger H. H. Erb,
| | - Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Urology, Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Urology, Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrich Sommer, ; Holger H. H. Erb,
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On the Way for Patients with Prostate Cancer to the Best Use of PSMA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052478. [PMID: 35269620 PMCID: PMC8909989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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