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Peter S, Aderibigbe BA. Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin Hybrid Compounds: Potential Anticancer Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:644-665. [PMID: 38357952 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266288319240206052223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of utilizing drug repurposing/repositioning in the development of hybrid molecules is an important strategy in drug discovery. Fluoroquinolones, a class of antibiotics, have been reported to exhibit anticancer activities. Although anticancer drug development is achieving some positive outcomes, there is still a need to develop new and effective anticancer drugs. Some limitations associated with most of the available anticancer drugs are drug resistance and toxicity, poor bio-distribution, poor solubility, and lack of specificity, thereby reducing their therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVES Fluoroquinolones, a known class of antibiotics, have been explored by hybridizing them with other pharmacophores and evaluating their anticancer activity in silico and in vitro. Hence, this review provides an update on new anticancer drugs containing fluoroquinolones moiety, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin between 2020 and 2023, their structural relationship activity, and the future strategies to develop potent chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS Fluoroquinolones were mostly hybridized via the N-4 of the piperazine ring on position C-7 with known pharmacophores characterized, followed by biological studies to evaluate their anticancer activity. RESULTS The hybrid molecules displayed promising and interesting anticancer activities. Factors such as the nature of the linker, the presence of electron-withdrawing groups, nature, and position of the substituents influenced the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds. CONCLUSION The hybrids were selective towards some cancer cells. However, further in vivo studies are needed to fully understand their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijongesonke Peter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Blessing A Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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2
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Alkhawaja B, Al-Akayleh F, Nasereddin J, Malek SA, Alkhawaja N, Kamran M, Al-Rubaye Z, Smairat M, Al-Remawi M, Aburayyan WS. Levofloxacin-Fatty Acid Systems: Dual Enhancement Through Deep Eutectic Formation and Solubilization for Pharmaceutical Potential and Antibacterial Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:244. [PMID: 38030950 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids, including medium-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, are known for their broad health benefits, including antimicrobial activity. Through their green properties, deep eutectic systems have been heralded as having the potential to be at the forefront of pharmaceutical applications. In this work, capric acid and geranic acid, two examples of medium-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, were employed to enhance the pharmaceutical properties and the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin. To this end, levofloxacin formulations with either capric or geranic acid were prepared and characterized using appropriate techniques. Levofloxacin was utilized to create innovative deep eutectic systems in conjunction with capric acid at three different molar ratios: 1:9, 2:8 and 3:7. This was confirmed through a rigorous analysis involving nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that geranic acid demonstrated an impressive threefold improvement in levofloxacin's solubility compared to its solubility in aqueous solutions. The antibacterial activity of the novel combinations of levofloxacin with either fatty acid was evaluated using a checkerboard titration assay. Gratifyingly, both formulations exhibited synergistic effects against a panel of levofloxacin-sensitive and resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the observed superior antibacterial activity of levofloxacin illuminates the potential use of fatty acid-based formulations and deep eutectic systems as green and innovative strategies to combat the global antimicrobial resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Alkhawaja
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan.
| | - Faisal Al-Akayleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan.
| | - Jehad Nasereddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Suzanne Abdel Malek
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Nour Alkhawaja
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Zaid Al-Rubaye
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Maisa'a Smairat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Walid Salem Aburayyan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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3
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Costa FMS, Granja A, Pérez RL, Warner IM, Reis S, Passos MLC, Saraiva MLMFS. Fluoroquinolone-Based Organic Salts (GUMBOS) with Antibacterial Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15714. [PMID: 37958698 PMCID: PMC10650486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a silent pandemic considered a public health concern worldwide. Strategic therapies are needed to replace antibacterials that are now ineffective. One approach entails the use of well-known antibacterials along with adjuvants that possess non-antibiotic properties but can extend the lifespan and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment, while also improving the suppression of resistance. In this regard, a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) presents an alternative to this problem allowing the combination of antibacterials with adjuvants. Fluoroquinolones are a family of antibacterials used to treat respiratory and urinary tract infections with broad-spectrum activity. Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin-based GUMBOS were synthesized via anion exchange reactions with lithium and sodium salts. Structural characterization, thermal stability and octanol/water partition ratios were evaluated. The antibacterial profiles of most GUMBOS were comparable to their cationic counterparts when tested against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli, except for deoxycholate anion, which demonstrated the least effective antibacterial activity. Additionally, some GUMBOS were less cytotoxic to L929 fibroblast cells and non-hemolytic to red blood cells. Therefore, these agents exhibit promise as an alternative approach to combining drugs for treating infections caused by resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. S. Costa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Andreia Granja
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Rocío L. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.L.P.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.L.P.); (I.M.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Marieta L. C. Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - M. Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.S.C.); (A.G.); (S.R.)
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4
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Struga M, Roszkowski P, Bielenica A, Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Stępień K, Stefańska J, Zabost A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Koliński M, Kmiecik S, Myslovska A, Wrzosek M. N-Acylated Ciprofloxacin Derivatives: Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18663-18684. [PMID: 37273589 PMCID: PMC10233829 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of N-acylated ciprofloxacin (CP) conjugates 1-21 were synthesized and screened as potential antimicrobial agents. Conjugates 1 and 2 were 1.25-10-fold more potent than CP toward all Staphylococci (minimal inhibitory concentration 0.05-0.4 μg/mL). Most of the chloro- (3-7), bromo- (8-11), and CF3-alkanoyl (14-16) derivatives expressed higher or comparable activity to CP against selected Gram-positive strains. A few CP analogues (5, 10, and 11) were also more effective toward the chosen clinical Gram-negative rods. Conjugates 5, 10, and 11 considerably influenced the phases of the bacterial growth cycle over 18 h. Additionally, compounds 2, 4-7, 9-12, and 21 exerted stronger tuberculostatic action against three Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates than the first-line antitubercular drugs. Amides 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, and 11 targeted gyrase and topoisomerase IV at 2.7-10.0 μg/mL, which suggests a mechanism of antibacterial action related to CP. These findings were confirmed by molecular docking studies. In addition, compounds 3 and 15 showed high antiproliferative activities against prostate PC3 cells (IC50 2.02-4.8 μM), up to 6.5-2.75 stronger than cisplatin. They almost completely reduced the growth and proliferation rates in these cells, without a cytotoxic action against normal HaCaT cell lines. Furthermore, derivatives 3 and 21 induced apoptosis/necrosis in PC3 cells, probably by increasing the intracellular ROS amount, as well as they diminished the IL-6 level in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Struga
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry, Medical
University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Roszkowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry, Medical
University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Otto-Ślusarczyk
- Chair
and Department of Biochemistry, Medical
University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department
of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and
Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department
of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and
Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Koliński
- Bioinformatics
Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Myslovska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Kashapov R, Kashapova N, Razuvayeva Y, Ziganshina A, Salnikov V, Zakharova L. Green-step assembly of the supramolecular amphiphile constructed by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and calixarene for facile loading of hydrophobic food bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2023; 424:136293. [PMID: 37236075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of biologically active compounds is often limited due to their poor aqueous solubility, which generally reduces their bioavailability and useful efficacy. In this regard, a wide search is currently underway for colloidal systems capable of encapsulating these compounds. In the creation of colloidal systems, long-chain molecules of surfactants and polymers are mainly used, which in an individual state do not always aggregate into homogeneous and stable nanoparticles. In the present work, cavity-bearing calixarene was used for the first time to order polymeric molecules of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. A set of physicochemical methods demonstrated the spontaneous formation of spherical nanoparticles by non-covalent self-assembly contributed by macrocycle and polymer, and formed nanoparticles were able to encapsulate hydrophobic quercetin and oleic acid. The preparation of nanoparticles by supramolecular self-assembly without use of organic solvents, temperature and ultrasound effects can be an effective strategy for creating water-soluble forms of lipophilic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Kashapov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Nadezda Kashapova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuliya Razuvayeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albina Ziganshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str, 420111 Kazan, Russia; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Lucia Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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6
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Nowak M, Skwarecki AS, Pilch J, Górska J, Szweda P, Milewska MJ, Milewski S. Fatty acids as molecular carriers in cleavable antifungal conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115293. [PMID: 36958265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates composed of C2-18 fatty acid (FA) residues as a molecular carrier and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) as an active agent, released upon the action of intracellular esterases on the ester bond between FA and "trimethyl lock" intramolecular linker, demonstrate good in vitro activity against human pathogenic yeasts of Candida spp. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values for the most active conjugates containing caprylic (C8), capric (C10), lauric (C12), or myristic (C14) acid residues were in the 2-64 μg mL-1 range, except for these against the least susceptible Candida krusei. The least active conjugates containing C2, C16, or C18 FA were slowly hydrolyzed by esterase and probably poorly taken up by Candida cells, as found for their analogs containing a fluorescent label, Nap-NH2 instead of 5-FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Pilch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Górska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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7
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Galanty A, Grudzińska M, Paździora W, Paśko P. Erucic Acid-Both Sides of the Story: A Concise Review on Its Beneficial and Toxic Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041924. [PMID: 36838911 PMCID: PMC9962393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Erucic acid (EA) is monounsaturated fatty acid (22:1 n-9), synthesized in the seeds of many plants from the Brassicaceae family, with Brassica napus, B. rapa, or B. carinata considered as its richest source. As the compound has been blamed for the poisoning effect in Toxic Oil Syndrome, and some data indicated its cardiotoxicity to rats, EA has been for decades classified as toxic substance, the use of which should be avoided. However, the cardiac adverse effects of EA have not been confirmed in humans, and the experiments in animal models had many limitations. Thus, the aim of this review was to present the results of the so far published studies on both toxic, and pharmacological properties of EA, trying to answer the question on its future medicinal use. Despite the ambiguous and relatively small data on toxic and beneficial effects of EA it seems that the compound is worth investigating. Further research should be particularly directed at the verification EA toxicity, more in-depth studies on its neuroprotective and cytotoxic properties, but also its use in combination with other drugs, as well as its role as a drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Grudzińska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Paździora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
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8
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Chrzanowska A, Kurpios-Piec D, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Kiernozek-Kalińska E, Lay WX, Ciechanowicz AK, Struga M. Anticancer activity and metabolic alteration in colon and prostate cancer cells by novel moxifloxacin conjugates with fatty acids. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175481. [PMID: 36566005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The positive and pro-economic trend in the management of cancer treatment is the search for the antineoplastic potential of known, widely used and safe drugs with a different clinical purpose. A good candidate seems to be moxifloxacin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which as the member of the fourth generation fluoroquinolone is known to affect not only bacterial but also eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases, however at high concentration. Due to the fact that the modification of parent drug with lipid component can improve anticancer potential by increasing of bioavailability, selectivity, and cytotoxic efficiency, we evaluated the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity of novel moxifloxacin conjugates with fatty acids and verified metabolic profile in SW480, SW620 and PC3 cell lines. Our study revealed that cytotoxic potential of moxifloxacin conjugates was stronger than free moxifloxacin, moreover, they remained non-toxic to normal HaCaT cells. PC3 were more sensitive to MXF conjugates than colon cancer cells. The most promising cytotoxic activity exhibited conjugate 4m and 16m with oleic and stearic acid reducing viability of PC3 and SW620 cells. Tested conjugates activated caspases 3/7 and induced late-apoptosis, mainly in PC3 and SW620 cells. However, the most pronounced inhibition of NF-κB activation and IL-6 secretion was observed in SW480. Metabolomic analysis indicated influence of the moxifloxacin conjugates on intensity of lipid derivatives with the most successful metabolite profile in PC3. Our findings suggested the cytotoxic potential of moxifloxacin conjugates, especially with oleic and stearic acid can be beneficial in oncological therapy, including their possible anti-inflammatory and known antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Kurpios-Piec
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Wen Xin Lay
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej K Ciechanowicz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Kapusta O, Jarosz A, Stadnik K, Giannakoudakis DA, Barczyński B, Barczak M. Antimicrobial Natural Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Properties, Applications, and Challenges-A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2191. [PMID: 36768513 PMCID: PMC9917233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural hydrogels are widely used as biomedical materials in many areas, including drug delivery, tissue scaffolds, and particularly wound dressings, where they can act as an antimicrobial factor lowering the risk of microbial infections, which are serious health problems, especially with respect to wound healing. In this review article, a number of promising strategies in the development of hydrogels with biocidal properties, particularly those originating from natural polymers, are briefly summarized and concisely discussed. Common strategies to design and fabricate hydrogels with intrinsic or stimuli-triggered antibacterial activity are exemplified, and the mechanisms lying behind these properties are also discussed. Finally, practical antibacterial applications are also considered while discussing the current challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Kapusta
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Bartłomiej Barczyński
- 1st Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University in Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Barczak
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20031 Lublin, Poland
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10
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Jałbrzykowska K, Chrzanowska A, Roszkowski P, Struga M. The New Face of a Well-Known Antibiotic: A Review of the Anticancer Activity of Enoxacin and Its Derivatives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133056. [PMID: 35804828 PMCID: PMC9264829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enoxacin is a second-generation quinolone with promising anticancer activity. In contrast to other members of the quinolone group, it exhibits an extraordinary cytotoxic mechanism of action. Enoxacin enhances RNA interference and promotes microRNA processing, as well as the production of free radicals. Interestingly, apart from its proapoptotic, cell cycle arresting and cytostatic effects, enoxacin manifests a limitation of cancer invasiveness. The underlying mechanisms are the competitive inhibition of vacuolar H+-ATPase subunits and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway suppression. The newly synthesized enoxacin derivatives have shown a magnified cytotoxic effect with an emphasis on prooxidative, proapoptotic and microRNA interference actions. The mentioned mechanisms seem to contribute to a safer, more selective and more effective anticancer therapy. Abstract Enoxacin as a second-generation synthetic quinolone is known for its antibacterial action; however, in recent years there have been studies focusing on its anticancer potential. Interestingly, it turns out that compared to other fluoroquinolones, enoxacin exhibits uncommon cytotoxic properties. Besides its influence on apoptosis, the cell cycle and cell growth, it exhibits a regulatory action on microRNA biogenesis. It was revealed that the molecular targets of the enoxacin-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis are vacuolar H+-ATPase subunits and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway, causing a decrease in cell invasiveness. Interestingly, the prooxidative nature of the subjected fluoroquinolone enhanced the cytotoxic effect. Crucial for the anticancer activity were the carboxyl group at the third carbon atom, fluorine at the seventh carbon atom and nitrogen at the eighth position of naphyridine. Modifications of the parent drug improved the induction of oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and the dysregulation of microRNA. The inhibition of V-ATPase–microfilament binding was also observed. Enoxacin strongly affected various cancer but not normal cells, excluding keratinocytes, which suffered from phototoxicity. It seems to be an underestimated anticancer drug with pleiotropic action. Furthermore, its usage as a safe antibiotic with well-known pharmacokinetics and selectivity will enhance the development of anticancer treatment strategies. This review covers articles published within the years 2000–2021, with a strong focus on the recent years (2016–2021). However, some canonical papers published in twentieth century are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jałbrzykowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-22-5720693 (A.C. & M.S.)
| | - Piotr Roszkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-22-5720693 (A.C. & M.S.)
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