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Daszkiewicz T, Michalak M, Śmiecińska K. A comparison of the quality of plain yogurt and its analog made from coconut flesh extract. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3389-3399. [PMID: 38135040 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of plain yogurt made from cow milk (n = 10) and its plant-based analog made from coconut flesh extract (n = 14). Coconut yogurt alternatives were divided into 2 experimental groups based on differences in their color, which were noted after the packages had been opened. The first group included products with a typical white color (n = 8), and the second group comprised products with a grayish pink color (n = 6) that developed as a result of oxidative processes. In comparison with its plant-based analog, plain yogurt was characterized by higher values of lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*), higher titratable acidity, a higher content of retinol and α-tocopherol, higher nutritional value of fat, and lower values of water-holding capacity (WHC) and redness (a*). Plain yogurt had lower volatile acidity than its plant-based analog with a grayish pink color. A comparison of yogurt analogs with different colors revealed that the product with a grayish pink color was characterized by a lower value of L*, and higher values of a*, b*, C*, and pH. An analysis of its fatty acid profile demonstrated that it also had a higher proportion of C14:0 and C18:1 cis-9; higher total monounsaturated fatty acids content; a lower proportion of C10:0, C12:0, and C18:2; a lower total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential fatty acids; and a lower ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids. The yogurt analog with a grayish pink color had a lower total content of tocopherol isoforms than the remaining products. The yogurt analog with a white color had the highest WHC and γ-tocopherol content. Consumers should be aware of the fact that coconut yogurt alternatives may have nonstandard quality attributes. The differences between such products and yogurt made from cow milk should be explicitly communicated to consumers so that they could make informed purchasing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Daszkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - M Michalak
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Śmiecińska
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Jakhwal P, Daneshvar E, Skalska K, Matsakas L, Patel A, Park Y, Bhatnagar A. Nutrient removal and biomass production of marine microalgae cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) water with low phosphate concentration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120859. [PMID: 38615398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of microalgal biomass production and nutrient removal from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) water (RASW) with low phosphate concentration. For this purpose, Nannochloropsis oculata, Pavlova gyrans, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and their consortium were cultivated in RASW and RASW supplemented with vitamins (+V). Among them, N. oculata showed the maximum biomass production of 0.4 g/L in RASW. Vitamins supplementation significantly increased the growth of T. suecica from 0.16 g/L in RASW to 0.33 g/L in RASW + V. Additionally, T. suecica showed the highest nitrate (NO3-N) removal efficiency of 80.88 ± 2.08 % in RASW and 83.82 ± 2.08 % in RASW + V. Accordingly, T. suecica was selected for scaling up study of microalgal cultivation in RASW and RASW supplemented with nitrate (RASW + N) in 4-L airlift photobioreactors. Nitrate supplementation enhanced the growth of T. suecica up to 2.2-fold (day 15). The fatty acid nutritional indices in T. suecica cultivated in RASW and RASW + N showed optimal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)/saturated fatty acid (SFAs), omega-6 fatty acid (n-6)/omega-3 fatty acid (n-3), indices of atherogenicity (IA), and thrombogenicity (IT)). Overall, the findings of this study revealed that despite low phosphate concentration, marine microalgae can grow in RASW and relatively reduce the concentration of nitrate. Furthermore, the microalgal biomass cultivated in RASW consisting of pigments and optimal fatty acid nutritional profile can be used as fish feed, thus contributing to a circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jakhwal
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Ehsan Daneshvar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Kinga Skalska
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Yuri Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
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Mongan D, Perry BI, Healy C, Susai SR, Zammit S, Cannon M, Cotter DR. Longitudinal Trajectories of Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Associations With Psychosis Spectrum Outcomes in Early Adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01229-0. [PMID: 38631425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and psychosis. However, polyunsaturated fatty acid trajectories in the general population have not been characterized, and associations with psychosis spectrum outcomes in early adulthood are unknown. METHODS Plasma omega-6 to omega-3 ratio and DHA (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids) were measured by nuclear magnetic spectroscopy at 7, 15, 17, and 24 years of age in participants of ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children). Curvilinear growth mixture modeling evaluated body mass index-adjusted trajectories of both measures. Outcomes were assessed at 24 years. Psychotic experiences (PEs), at-risk mental state status, psychotic disorder, and number of PEs were assessed using the Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview (n = 3635; 2247 [61.8%] female). Negative symptoms score was measured using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (n = 3484; 2161 [62.0%] female). Associations were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, parental social class, and cumulative smoking and alcohol use. RESULTS Relative to stable average, the persistently high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio trajectory was associated with increased odds of PEs and psychotic disorder, but attenuated on adjustment for covariates (PEs adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.92-2.89; psychotic disorder aOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.71-4.07). This was also the case for persistently low DHA (PEs aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.84-2.37; psychotic disorder aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.49-2.67). Following adjustment, persistently high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was associated with increased number of PEs (β = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.05-0.78) and negative symptoms score (β = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.14-0.72), as was persistently low DHA (number of PEs β = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.14-0.76; negative symptoms β = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.12-0.58). CONCLUSIONS Optimization of polyunsaturated fatty acid status during development warrants further investigation in relation to psychotic symptoms in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mongan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Benjamin I Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Johnson AM, Charre-Perales J, Todd A, Arguelles-Ramos M, Ali AAB. The impact of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on fatty acid composition and lipid stability in eggs stored at room temperature. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38507293 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2326886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
1. In many countries, eggs are not refrigerated and must be stored at room temperature. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of dietary oregano oil (275 mg/ kg; ORE) versus an unsupplemented control diet (CON) on laying hens on the shelf life and fatty acid profile of eggs.2. Treatments were randomly distributed into 10 pens containing 27 birds each. A total of 200 eggs were collected from both groups on the same day and were stored for either 0, 10, 21 and 35 d. At each storage time, egg yolks were analysed for fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation.3. The main indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), was significantly lower in ORE eggs compared to CON eggs (p = 0.001). Storage time had a significant impact on MDA concentrations (p = 0.023), with the highest found after 35 d. Significant differences were found for individual fatty acids, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly lower in ORE eggs compared to CON eggs (p < 0.05). Palmitoleic acid (p = 0.002), linolenic acid (p = 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in ORE eggs.4. Storage only affected oleic, linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (p < 0.05). Total SFA, MUFA, n-6 and ratio of n-3 to n-6 (n-3:n-6) PUFA were significantly higher in CON eggs (p < 0.05). The ratio of SFA to PUFA (SFA:PUFA, p = 0.005) and total n-3 PUFA (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in ORE eggs.5. The n-3:n-6 ratio was significantly impacted by treatment (p = 0.021) and storage (p = 0.031) with no significant interaction. This ratio is important for human health indication and could lead to the development of designer eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J Charre-Perales
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - A Todd
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Arguelles-Ramos
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - A A B Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Animal Behavior and Management, Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tung YT, Chen YL, Fan TY, Fong TH, Chiu WC. Effects of dietary adjustment of n-3: n-6 fatty-acid ratio to 1:2 on anti-inflammatory and insulin-signaling pathways in ovariectomized mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20451. [PMID: 37817999 PMCID: PMC10560786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency increases the secretion of inflammatory mediators and can lead to obesity. Consequently, estrogen deficiency can cause metabolic syndrome, particularly insulin resistance during menopause. Both fish oil and perilla oil contain n-3 fatty acids, which may regulate several inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, adjusting the dietary n-3:n-6 fatty-acid ratio to 1:2 may help treat or prevent chronic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effect of anti-inflammatory and insulin-signaling pathways, not solely in relation to the (n-3:n-6 fatty-acid ratio at 1:2), but also considering the origin of n-3 fatty acids found in fish oil and perilla oil, in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy and obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups: sham mice on a normal diet; ovariectomized (OVX) mice on a normal diet (OC); OVX mice on a HFD plus lard oil (OL), fish oil (OF), or perilla oil (OP). The dietary n-3:n-6 ratio in the OF and OP groups was adjusted to 1:2. The results showed OF group exhibited significantly lower abdominal adipose tissue weight, fewer liver lipid droplets, and smaller uterine adipocytes, compared with the OL group. Compared with the OL group, the OF and OP groups exhibited higher oral glucose tolerance and lower serum alanine aminotransferase activity, triacylglycerol levels, and total cholesterol levels. Hepatic JAK2, STAT3, and SOCS3 mRNA expression and p-NF-κB p65 and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the OF and OP groups than in the OL group. Only the OF group exhibited an increase in PI3K and Akt mRNA expression, decrease in GLUT2 mRNA expression, and considerable elevation of p-Akt. Both fish and perilla oil reduced inflammatory signaling markers. However, only fish oil improved insulin signaling (PI3K, Akt, and GLUT2). Our data suggest that fish oil can alleviate insulin signaling through activating the PI3K-Akt-GLUT2 cascade signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Fan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsorng-Harn Fong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Chen X, Ran J, Mazhar M, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Qin L, Miao S. The balanced unsaturated fatty acid supplement constituted by woody edible oils improved lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203932. [PMID: 37545586 PMCID: PMC10399753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving hyperlipidemia and obesity. Woody edible oils are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that could positively affect lipid metabolism. In this study, the blended oil (BLO), a balanced UFA supplement, constituted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Chinese Red Pepper) seed oil, walnut (Juglans regia) oil, camellia (Camema oleifera) seed oil and perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil was established referring to the Chinese dietary reference intakes, in which the ratios of monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1:1 and 4:1, respectively. The BLO was administrated to KM mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage every day at a dose of 3.0 mL/kg·bw for 10 weeks to assess its effects on serum lipid levels, liver antioxidant activities and gut microbial composition. The results showed that the BLO improved hepatic steatosis, liver oxidative stress, and serum lipid levels. Additionally, there was an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Blautia, along with a decreased abundance of Staphylococcus in cecal contents. These changes were found to be positively correlated with the metabolic improvements, as indicated by Spearman's correlation analysis. These findings implied the practicality of the balanced unsaturated fatty acid consumption in preventing hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinyang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingqi Ran
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Mazhar
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yichen Lin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Likang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Yang Y, Xia Y, Zhang B, Li D, Yan J, Yang J, Sun J, Cao H, Wang Y, Zhang F. Effects of different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratios on lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166702. [PMID: 37324747 PMCID: PMC10267450 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is helpful for cardiometabolic health. It improves lipid metabolism, and increasing n-3 PUFA is often considered beneficial. However, the role of n-6/n-3 in the regulation of lipid metabolism has been much debated. Therefore, this study was performed on the effect of different proportions of n-6/n-3 diet on lipid metabolism, and quality of life in patients with hyperlipidemia, aiming to explore appropriate proportions of n-6/n-3 to provide the theoretical basis for the development and application of nutritional blended oil in the future. Methods These 75 participants were randomized and assigned into three groups, which received dietary oil with high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (HP group: n-6/n-3 = 7.5/1), dietary oil with middle n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (MP group: n-6/n-3 = 2.5/1) or low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (LP group: n-6/n-3 = 1/2.5). All patients received dietary guidance and health education were monitored for hyperlipidemia. Anthropometric, lipid and blood glucose parameters and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 60 days after intervention. Result After 60 days, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was increased (p = 0.029) and Total cholesterol (TC) level was decreased (p = 0.003) in the MP group. In the LP group, TC level was decreased (p = 0.001), TG level was decreased (p = 0.001), but HDL-c level was not significantly increased. At the end of intervention, quality of life' score was improved in both MP and LP groups (p = 0.037). Conclusion Decreasing the intake of edible oil n-6/n-3 ratio can improve blood lipids and quality of life. This is significant for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is also essential to note that an excessive reduction of the n-6/n-3 ratio does not further improve the blood lipid metabolism. In addition, the application of perilla oil in nutritional blended oil has particular significance. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/indexEN.html, identifier ChiCTR-2300068198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Baixi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Jiai Yan
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Clinical Evaluation Center for Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
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Zheng J, Lee J, Byun J, Yu D, Ha JH. Partial replacement of high-fat diet with n-3 PUFAs enhanced beef tallow attenuates dyslipidemia and endoplasmic reticulum stress in tunicamycin-injected rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1155436. [PMID: 37006935 PMCID: PMC10060633 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered as a complex, intertwined multiple risk factors that directly increase the risk of various metabolic diseases, especially cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. While lifestyle changes, including dietary intervention are effective in mitigating or preventing MetS, there are no specific therapies against MetS. Typical western diets comprise of high saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, and simple sugar; consequently their consumption may increase the potential pathological developmental risk of MetS. Partial replacement of dietary fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is widely recommended measure to manage MetS-related disorders. Methods In the present study, we used rat model to investigate the role of n-3 PUFA enriched beef tallows (BT) on MetS and tunicamycin (TM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, by partially replacing dietary fat (lard) with equal amounts of two different BTs; regular BT or n-3 PUFA-enriched BT. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to three different dietary groups (n = 16 per group): (1) high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFCD); (2) HFCD partially replaced with regular BT (HFCD + BT1); (3) HFCD partially replaced with n-3 enhanced BT (w/w) (HFCD + BT2). After 10 weeks of dietary intervention, each experimental rodent was intraperitoneally injected with either phosphate-buffered saline or 1 mg/kg body weight of TM. Results HFCD + BT2 showed improved dyslipidemia before TM injection, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after TM injection. BT replacement groups had significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, and decreased total cholesterol (TC) and TG levels in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). Furthermore, BT replacement remarkably attenuated TM-induced unfolded protein responses (UPRs) in liver, showing reduced ER stress, with BT2 being more effective in the EAT. Discussion Therefore, our findings suggest that partially replacing dietary fats with n-3 PUFA to lower the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs is beneficial in preventing pathological features of MetS by alleviating HFCD- and/or TM-induced dyslipidemia and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Daeung Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human-Ecology, Major in Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Hăbeanu M, Gheorghe A, Mihalcea T. Nutritional Value of Silkworm Pupae ( Bombyx mori) with Emphases on Fatty Acids Profile and Their Potential Applications for Humans and Animals. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14030254. [PMID: 36975939 PMCID: PMC10051144 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori is an ideal lepidopteran species representative of many scientific studies, a model of studies for medicine and a significant insect from an ecological standpoint. This review was performed to summarize the fatty acids (FA) composition of silkworm pupae (SP) that are associated with other important compounds that could add value to SP, diversifying the ways of valorization. The proposal to complete plant-based feeds with insect-based feeds represents a viable option to beneficially impact human and animal health and the environment. The quality and quantity of fats consumed significantly impact the aetiology of certain diseases. The key compounds of fat named essential FA (EFA) substantially influence the prevention and treatment of several diseases through their nutraceutical functions. Due to its excellent profile in nutrients such as protein and fat, amino acids and fatty acids composition, SP has become an important alternative feed ingredient and source of EFA. SP is a by-product that was discarded in large quantities. Following the need to act to improve human health and reduce climate change impact, many researchers focused on studying SP applications in the medical and agricultural industries. Several authors noticed an improvement in the health markers by using SP. The feed cost for the animal was reduced with economic implications. Minimization of environmental impact was recorded. Few precautions were recommended regarding SP use, although they should not be ignored. The composition of SP and its potential for use in various industries provides us with persuasive arguments for continuing to develop the sericulture industry.
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Son HK, Lee J, Byun J, Lee JJ. Saccharified and Fermented Helianthus tuberosus L. Beverage Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Inducible Metabolic Complications in C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:146-161. [PMID: 36724308 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been recognized as a major public health issue with rapid increase globally. Obesity triggers other metabolic complications, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Helianthus tuberosus L. (the Jerusalem artichoke) is an important edible plant that may provide health benefits in treating metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated potential antiobesity effects of saccharified H. tuberosus L. (SH) and its fermented vinegar (fermented H. tuberosus L. [FH]) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity murine model. FH exhibited significantly lower pH, Brix, and total sugar content compared with the SH, along with higher radical-scavenging activity. The body weight and adipose tissue weights were significantly decreased with the administration of SH and FH compared with the HFD group. SH and FH groups significantly attenuated hepatomegaly and lipid accumulation. The increased triglyceride (TG) content in obese mice was remarkably lower in the SH and FH groups. SH and FH alleviated serum dyslipidemia and atherogenic risk. Furthermore, expression of adipogenic genes was significantly downregulated after SH and FH supplementation compared with the HFD group. The TG and total cholesterol (TC) content of serum and adipose tissues significantly decreased by SH and FH administration in comparison with the HFD group. Reduced adiposity with SH and FH administration was confirmed by reduced adipocyte size and weight with inhibition of lipoprotein lipase expression. Our study showed that SH and FH, indeed FH was superior to SH, had antiobesity effects by decreasing adiposity, regulating dyslipidemia in systemic tissues, and inhibiting adipogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Molecular Mechanism for Hepatic Glycerolipid Partitioning of n-6/n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in an Obese Animal Biomodels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021576. [PMID: 36675096 PMCID: PMC9864240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-6/n-3 metabolic pathway associated with hepatic glycerolipid portioning plays a key role in preventing obesity. In this nutrition metabolism study, we used in vivo monitoring techniques with 40 obese male Sprague-Dawley strain rats attached with jugular-vein cannula after obesity was induced by a high-fat diet to determine the molecular mechanism associated with hepatic glycerolipid partitioning involving the n-6/n-3 metabolic pathway. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups (10 animals per group), including one control group (CON, n-6/n-3 of 71:1) and three treatment groups (n-6/n-3 of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1). They were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. Incorporation rates of [14C]-labeling lipid into glycerolipid in the liver were 28.87−37.03% in treatment groups fed with diets containing an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1, which were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in the CON (40.01%). However, 14CO2 emission % of absorbed dose showed the opposite trend. It was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in a treatment groups (n-6/n-3 of 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1, 30.35−45.08%) than in CON (27.71%). Regarding the metabolic distribution of glycerolipid to blood from livers, phospholipid/total glycerolipid (%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in CON at 11.04% than in treatment groups at 18.15% to 25.15%. Moreover, 14CO2/[14C]-total glycerolipid (%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treatment groups at 44.16−78.50% than in CON at 39.50%. Metabolic distribution of fatty acyl moieties flux for oxidation and glycerolipid synthesis in the liver were significantly (p < 0.05) better in order of 4:1 > 15:1 > 30:1 than in the CON. Our data demonstrate that n-6/n-3 of 4:1 could help prevent obesity by controlling the mechanism of hepatic partitioning through oxidation and esterification of glycerolipid in an obese animal biomodel.
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Goralska J, Razny U, Calder PC, Gruca A, Childs CE, Zabielski P, Dembinska-Kiec A, Banach M, Solnica B, Malczewska-Malec M. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Plasma Level Influences the Effect of n-3 PUFA Supplementation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081984. [PMID: 36010335 PMCID: PMC9406980 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels in obesity may predict the metabolic benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation. This placebo-controlled trial aimed to analyze fasting and postprandial GIP response to 3-month n-3 PUFA supplementation (1.8 g/d; DHA:EPA, 5:1) along with caloric restriction (1200–1500 kcal/d) in obese subjects. Compliance was confirmed by the incorporation of DHA and EPA into red blood cells (RBCs). Blood analyses of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), GIP and triglycerides were performed at fasting, and during an oral glucose tolerance test and a high fat mixed-meal tolerance test. Fatty acid composition of RBC was assessed by gas chromatography and total plasma fatty acid content and composition was measured by gas–liquid chromatography. The DHA and EPA content in RBCs significantly increased due to n-3 PUFA supplementation vs. placebo (77% vs. −3%, respectively). N-3 PUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance and decreased circulating NEFA levels (0.750 vs. 0.615 mmol/L), as well as decreasing plasma saturated (1390 vs. 1001 µg/mL) and monounsaturated (1135 vs. 790 µg/mL) fatty acids in patients with relatively high GIP levels. The effects of n-3 PUFAs were associated with the normalization of fasting (47 vs. 36 pg/mL) and postprandial GIP levels. Obese patients with elevated endogenous GIP could be a target group for n-3 PUFA supplementation in order to achieve effects that obese patients without GIP disturbances can achieve with only caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Goralska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Urszula Razny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anna Gruca
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Caroline E. Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aldona Dembinska-Kiec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
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