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Aydemir D, Öztürk K, Arslan FB, Çalis S, Ulusu NN. Gemcitabine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles enhanced apoptotic and ferroptotic response of gemcitabine treatment alone in the pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03193-6. [PMID: 38884675 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, causing side effects and poor overall survival. Eighty percent of patients often develop resistance rapidly to GEM. Developing therapeutic approaches and increasing sensitivity to gemcitabine in PDAC has become one of the challenges in cancer research. We synthesized GEM-loaded NPs prepared with a method that combines ultrasonication and ionotropic gelation to overcome GEM-related limitations in PDAC. CFPAC-1 cells were treated with increased concentrations of GEM, empty chitosan, and GEM-loaded NPs (0.66, 1.32, 2.64, 5.32 µg/ml) for up to 48 h. Empty chitosan NPs did not show toxicity on L929 cells. Antioxidant enzyme activities, including glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), significantly reduced in GEM-loaded NPs compared to the GEM associated with increased oxidative stress, PPP, and glycolysis. Bcl-xL, NOXA/mcl-1, and Ca2+ levels significantly increased in GEM-loaded NP-administered cells compared to the GEM and control groups. In contrast, JNK, p38, STAT3, Akt, and CREB levels significantly decreased in the GEM-loaded NP group, addressing enhanced apoptotic response compared to the GEM alone. Increased ferroptosis activity in GEM-loaded NP-administered groups has been validated via decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, increased cytosolic Fe, Zn, Mg, and Mn levels, and reduced GPx activity compared to the GEM and control groups. For the first time in the literature, we showed biocompatible GEM-loaded NPs enhanced apoptotic and ferroptotic response in CFPAC-1 cells via downregulation of antioxidant, glycolysis, and PPP metabolism compared to the GEM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydemir
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
- Biochemistry Department, Koc University School of Medicine, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
| | - Kıvılcım Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betül Arslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Çalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
- Biochemistry Department, Koc University School of Medicine, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
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2
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Fujiwara-Tani R, Sasaki T, Bhawal UK, Mori S, Ogata R, Sasaki R, Ikemoto A, Kishi S, Fujii K, Ohmori H, Sho M, Kuniyasu H. Nuclear MAST4 Suppresses FOXO3 through Interaction with AKT3 and Induces Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4056. [PMID: 38612866 PMCID: PMC11012408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly malignant, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Furthermore, the acquisition of anticancer drug resistance makes PDAC treatment difficult. We established MIA-GEM cells, a PDAC cell line resistant to gemcitabine (GEM), a first-line anticancer drug, using the human PDAC cell line-MIA-PaCa-2. Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-4 (MAST4) expression was increased in MIA-GEM cells compared with the parent cell line. Through inhibitor screening, dysregulated AKT signaling was identified in MIA-GEM cells with overexpression of AKT3. MAST4 knockdown effectively suppressed AKT3 overexpression, and both MAST4 and AKT3 translocation into the nucleus, phosphorylating forkhead box O3a (FOXO3) in MIA-GEM cells. Modulating FOXO3 target gene expression in these cells inhibited apoptosis while promoting stemness and proliferation. Notably, nuclear MAST4 demonstrated higher expression in GEM-resistant PDAC cases compared with that in the GEM-sensitive cases. Elevated MAST4 expression correlated with a poorer prognosis in PDAC. Consequently, nuclear MAST4 emerges as a potential marker for GEM resistance and poor prognosis, representing a novel therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Grants
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K10481 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K11396 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K11223 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22H04922 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
- Pathology Laboratory, Research Institute, Tokushukai Nozaki Hospital, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito 574-0074, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.S.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (A.I.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (H.O.)
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3
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Fujii K, Fujiwara-Tani R, Nukaga S, Ohmori H, Luo Y, Nishida R, Sasaki T, Miyagawa Y, Nakashima C, Kawahara I, Ogata R, Ikemoto A, Sasaki R, Kuniyasu H. Involvement of Ferroptosis Induction and Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibition in the Anticancer-Drug-Induced Myocardial Injury: Ameliorative Role of Pterostilbene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3015. [PMID: 38474261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer die from cardiac dysfunction second only to the disease itself. Cardiotoxicity caused by anticancer drugs has been emphasized as a possible cause; however, the details remain unclear. To investigate this mechanism, we treated rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells with sunitinib, lapatinib, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin to examine their effects. All anticancer drugs increased ROS, lipid peroxide, and iron (II) levels in the mitochondria and decreased glutathione peroxidase-4 levels and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Against this background, mitochondrial iron (II) accumulates through the unregulated expression of haem oxygenase-1 and ferrochelatase. Anticancer-drug-induced cell death was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine, deferoxamine, and ferrostatin, indicating ferroptosis. Anticancer drug treatment impairs mitochondrial DNA and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. Similar results were observed in the hearts of cancer-free rats treated with anticancer drugs in vitro. In contrast, treatment with pterostilbene inhibited the induction of ferroptosis and rescued the energy restriction induced by anticancer drugs both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that induction of ferroptosis and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation are mechanisms by which anticancer drugs cause myocardial damage. As pterostilbene ameliorates these mechanisms, it is expected to have significant clinical applications.
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Grants
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K10481 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K06926 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K11223 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K11423 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K16547 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Shota Nukaga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nishida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
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Dash S, Ueda T, Komuro A, Honda M, Sugisawa R, Okada H. Deoxycytidine kinase inactivation enhances gemcitabine resistance and sensitizes mitochondrial metabolism interference in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:131. [PMID: 38346958 PMCID: PMC10861559 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the most lethal forms of cancer. Although in the last decade, an increase in 5-year patient survival has been observed, the mortality rate remains high. As a first-line treatment for PDAC, gemcitabine alone or in combination (gemcitabine plus paclitaxel) has been used; however, drug resistance to this regimen is a growing issue. In our previous study, we reported MYC/glutamine dependency as a therapeutic target in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC secondary to deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) inactivation. Moreover, enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-associated genes was a common property shared by PDAC cell lines, and patient clinical samples coupled with low DCK expression was also demonstrated, which implicates DCK in cancer metabolism. In this article, we reveal that the expression of most genes encoding mitochondrial complexes is remarkably upregulated in PDAC patients with low DCK expression. The DCK-knockout (DCK KO) CFPAC-1 PDAC cell line model reiterated this observation. Particularly, OXPHOS was functionally enhanced in DCK KO cells as shown by a higher oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial ATP production. Electron microscopic observations revealed abnormal mitochondrial morphology in DCK KO cells. Furthermore, DCK inactivation exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction accompanied with ROS-scavenging gene activation, such as SOD1 and SOD2. SOD2 inhibition in DCK KO cells clearly induced cell growth suppression. In combination with increased anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 expression in DCK KO cells, we finally reveal that venetoclax and a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor are therapeutically efficacious for DCK-inactivated CFPAC-1 cells in in vitro and xenograft models. Hence, our work provides insight into inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism as a novel therapeutic approach to overcome DCK inactivation-mediated gemcitabine resistance in PDAC patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Komuro
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
- Anti-aging Center, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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5
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Gyoten M, Luo Y, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Ogata R, Kishi S, Kuniyasu H. Lovastatin Treatment Inducing Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Cholesterol Rafts in Plasma Membrane and Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16814. [PMID: 38069135 PMCID: PMC10706654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs is a problem in the treatment of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) and overcoming it is an important issue. Recently, it has been reported that statins induce apoptosis in cancer cells but the mechanism has not been completely elucidated. We investigated the antitumor mechanisms of statins against PDAC and their impact on resistance to gemcitabine (GEM). Lovastatin (LOVA) increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in PDAC cells, leading to apoptosis. LOVA reduced lipid rafts in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, suppressed the activation of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT in plasma membrane rafts, and reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) binding and the translocation of F1F0 ATPase in mitochondrial rafts. In the three GEM-resistant cell lines derived from MIA and PANC1, the lipid rafts in the cell membrane and the mitochondria were increased to activate EGFR and AKT and to increase BCL2-BAX binding, which suppressed apoptosis. LOVA abrogated these anti-apoptotic effects by reducing the rafts in the resistant cells. By treating the resistant cells with LOVA, GEM sensitivity improved to the level of the parental cells. Therefore, cholesterol rafts contribute to drug resistance in PDAC. Further clinical research is warranted on overcoming anticancer drug resistance by statin-mediated intracellular cholesterol regulation.
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Grants
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K16621 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K19900 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Gyoten
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
- Research Institute, Nozaki Tokushukai Hospital, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito 574-0074, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (M.G.); (Y.L.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (S.K.)
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6
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Kishi S, Mori S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Ogata R, Sasaki R, Ikemoto A, Goto K, Sasaki T, Miyake M, Sasagawa S, Kawaichi M, Luo Y, Bhawal UK, Fujimoto K, Nakagawa H, Kuniyasu H. ERVK13-1/miR-873-5p/GNMT Axis Promotes Metastatic Potential in Human Bladder Cancer though Sarcosine Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16367. [PMID: 38003554 PMCID: PMC10671720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-glycine (sarcosine) is known to promote metastatic potential in some cancers; however, its effects on bladder cancer are unclear. T24 cells derived from invasive cancer highly expressed GNMT, and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) treatment increased sarcosine production, promoting proliferation, invasion, anti-apoptotic survival, sphere formation, and drug resistance. In contrast, RT4 cells derived from non-invasive cancers expressed low GNMT, and SAM treatment did not produce sarcosine and did not promote malignant phenotypes. In T24 cells, the expression of miR-873-5p, which suppresses GNMT expression, was suppressed, and the expression of ERVK13-1, which sponges miR-873-5p, was increased. The growth of subcutaneous tumors, lung metastasis, and intratumoral GNMT expression in SAM-treated nude mice was suppressed in T24 cells with ERVK13-1 knockdown but promoted in RT4 cells treated with miR-873-5p inhibitor. An increase in mouse urinary sarcosine levels was observed to correlate with tumor weight. Immunostaining of 86 human bladder cancer cases showed that GNMT expression was higher in cases with muscle invasion and metastasis. Additionally, urinary sarcosine concentrations increased in cases of muscle invasion. Notably, urinary sarcosine concentration may serve as a marker for muscle invasion in bladder cancer; however, further investigation is necessitated.
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Grants
- 22K09341 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K16621 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 23K19900 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
- Research Institute, Tokushukai Nozaki Hospital, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito 574-0074, Japan; (S.S.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (M.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Satoru Sasagawa
- Research Institute, Tokushukai Nozaki Hospital, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito 574-0074, Japan; (S.S.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Masashi Kawaichi
- Research Institute, Tokushukai Nozaki Hospital, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito 574-0074, Japan; (S.S.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Yi Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China;
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan;
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (M.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Hidemitsu Nakagawa
- Research Institute, Tokushukai Nozaki Hospital, 2-10-50 Tanigawa, Daito 574-0074, Japan; (S.S.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.K.); (S.M.); (R.F.-T.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (K.G.); (T.S.)
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7
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Masuo H, Kubota K, Shimizu A, Notake T, Miyazaki S, Yoshizawa T, Sakai H, Hayashi H, Soejima Y. Increased mitochondria are responsible for the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4388-4400. [PMID: 37700464 PMCID: PMC10637055 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a particularly poor prognosis as it is often detected at an advanced stage and acquires resistance to chemotherapy early during its course. Stress adaptations by mitochondria, such as metabolic plasticity and regulation of apoptosis, promote cancer cell survival; however, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. We here established human pancreatic cancer cell lines resistant to gemcitabine from MIA PaCa-2 and Panc1 cells. We compared the cells before and after the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance to investigate the mitochondrial dynamics and protein expression that contribute to this resistance. The mitochondrial number increased in gemcitabine-resistant cells after resistance acquisition, accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial fission 1 protein, which induces peripheral mitosis, leading to mitophagy. An increase in the number of mitochondria promoted oxidative phosphorylation and increased anti-apoptotic protein expression. Additionally, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation decreased the AMP/ATP ratio and suppressed AMPK activity, resulting in the activation of the HSF1-heat shock protein pathway, which is required for environmental stress tolerance. Synergistic effects observed with BCL2 family or HSF1 inhibition in combination with gemcitabine suggested that the upregulated expression of apoptosis-related proteins caused by the mitochondrial increase may contribute to gemcitabine resistance. The combination of gemcitabine with BCL2 or HSF1 inhibitors may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acquired gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Masuo
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Notake
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Hikaru Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
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8
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Takagi T, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Kishi S, Nishiguchi Y, Sasaki T, Ogata R, Ikemoto A, Sasaki R, Ohmori H, Luo Y, Bhawal UK, Sho M, Kuniyasu H. Lauric Acid Overcomes Hypoxia-Induced Gemcitabine Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087506. [PMID: 37108667 PMCID: PMC10139117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gemcitabine (GEM) is widely used in chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), drug resistance restricts its clinical effectiveness. To examine the mechanism of GEM resistance, we established two GEM-resistant cell lines from human PDA cells by continuous treatment with GEM and CoCl2-induced chemical hypoxia. One resistant cell line possessed reduced energy production and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, while the other resistant cell line possessed increased stemness. In both cell lines, ethidium bromide-stained mitochondrial DNA levels decreased, suggesting mitochondrial DNA damage. Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in both cell lines did not restore the GEM sensitivity. In contrast, treatment of both cell types with lauric acid (LAA), a medium-chain fatty acid, restored GEM sensitivity. These results suggest that decreased energy production, decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, and increased stemness associated with mitochondrial damage caused by GEM lead to GEM resistance, and that hypoxia may promote this process. Furthermore, forced activation of oxidative phosphorylation by LAA could be a tool to overcome GEM resistance. Clinical verification of the effectiveness of LAA in GEM resistance is necessary in the future.
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Grants
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K18007 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K10143 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Takagi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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