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Zhao G, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Jiao S, Zeng X, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Sun J, Tao P, Wang Z. Design of multi-epitope chimeric phage nanocarrier vaccines for porcine deltacoronavirus. Vet Microbiol 2025; 304:110487. [PMID: 40156969 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) poses a significant threat to the swine industry. Thus, the development of innovative vaccine candidates is critical for PDCoV prevention. This study details the creation of a PDCoV nanoparticle vaccine utilizing bacteriophage (phage) T4 as a delivery platform. B cell and T cell epitopes of the PDCoV spike (S) protein were identified through bioinformatics and assembled into a tandem construct (termed Pep) using a linker. In silico molecular docking revealed stable interactions between Pep and TLR3. Immune stimulation predictions indicated that Pep could trigger a robust immune response. The prokaryotic Pep protein was conjugated with T4 phage to generate the recombinant T4-Pep phage. Experimental data demonstrated that a single T4 phage displayed at least 830 copies of Pep. In a mouse immunoprotection assay, T4-Pep induced significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibodies and superior neutralizing antibody titers against PDCoV compared to the Pep naked peptide antigen. Moreover, T4 phage exhibited potent immunostimulatory effects, with immunized mice showing protection against PDCoV infection. Histological analysis revealed enhanced intestinal mucosal integrity post-immunization. These findings suggest that bacteriophages are promising vectors for the efficient delivery of viral epitopes, offering a potential platform for developing vaccines against porcine enteric coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoQing Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - YuMin Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - ShiDan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - ShengJing Jiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - XiaoYan Zeng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - JingJiao Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - YuQiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - HengAn Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - YaXian Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - JianHe Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Pan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - ZhaoFei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China.
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Kong F, Jia H, Xiao Q, Fang L, Wang Q. Prevention and Control of Swine Enteric Coronaviruses in China: A Review of Vaccine Development and Application. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 38276670 PMCID: PMC10820180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECs) cause significant economic losses to the pig industry in China. Although many commercialized vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are available, viruses are still widespread. The recent emergence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), for which no vaccines are available, increases the disease burden. In this review, we first introduced the genomic organization and epidemiology of SECs in China. Then, we discussed the current vaccine development and application in China, aiming to provide suggestions for better prevention and control of SECs in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; (F.K.); (H.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Huilin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; (F.K.); (H.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China; (F.K.); (H.J.); (Q.X.)
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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