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Chen M, Chen Y, Li C. Serum iron concentration and leptin inversely relate, partially mediated by body mass index in American adults. Nutr Res 2024; 124:1-12. [PMID: 38342069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Iron metabolism and leptin are interconnected, and both link with obesity. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that serum iron markers associate with leptin, with body mass index (BMI) acting as a mediator, confounder, and effect modifier in this relationship. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, with a focus on serum iron markers and leptin. The relationship between serum iron markers and leptin was determined by multiple linear regression. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect of BMI on this association. Among 3888 American adults, serum iron and transferrin saturation showed a negative association with leptin (log2-transformed) (β: -0.010, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.013 to -0.006, P < .001; β: -0.006, 95% CI, -0.008 to -0.004, P < .001). Total iron-binding capacity was positively associated with the serum concentration of leptin (log2-transformed) (β: 0.002, 95% CI, 0-0.004, P = .0292). Sex, BMI, and body fat percentage significantly influenced these associations. Notably, the association between the iron markers and leptin diminished in individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. There was no observable relationship between leptin and serum ferritin concentrations. BMI mediated 4.81% of the serum iron-leptin association, with no mediation of body fat percentage. Our study identified a link between serum iron and leptin, with BMI as a mediating factor. In clinical settings, it is vital to understand how treatments targeting iron metabolism can directly impact serum leptin concentration and the subsequent physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Chen
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebai Chen
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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He Y, Liu S, Lin H, Ding F, Shao Z, Xiong L. Roles of organokines in intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340625. [PMID: 38532900 PMCID: PMC10963452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is not isolated from other tissues. Recently, abundant research has linked intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration to various systemic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Organokines are a group of diverse factors named for the tissue of origin, including adipokines, osteokines, myokines, cardiokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and hepatokines. Through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms, organokines modulate energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance in various tissues to mediate cross-organ communication. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cellular behavior, inflammation, and matrix metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we aimed to summarize the impact of organokines on disc homeostasis and degeneration and the underlying signaling mechanism. We focused on the regulatory mechanisms of organokines to provide a basis for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, JingMen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Araujo Junior AEP, de Azevedo GBL, Moliterno LAM, Tavares RH, Cardoso JV, de Souza GR, Guimarães JAM, Defino HLA, Perini JA. Association of polymorphism in leptin receptor gene with susceptibility of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:646-654. [PMID: 37801129 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal leptin bioavailability has play key roles in the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Both leptin and its receptor levels may be modulated by the presence of genetic polymorphisms. This study aimed to evaluate the role of polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP) and its main receptor (LEPR) genes in the AIS susceptibility in girls. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 189 AIS and 240 controls. LEP rs2167270 and LEPR rs2767485 polymorphisms were genotyped using a TaqMan validated assay. Associations were evaluated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The AIS group showed a predominance of girls under 18 years old (n = 140, 74.1%), 148 (78.3%) had low or normal BMI, 111 (58.7%) had Cobb ≥ 45º and 130 (68.7%) were skeletally mature. Minor allele frequencies of rs2167270 and rs2767485 were 35.7% and 18.3%, for AIS and 35.6% and 25.4% for controls, respectively. LEPR rs2767485 T and TC + TT were associated with higher risk of AIS (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.09-2.13 and OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.69-2.01, respectively), since CC genotype was only present in the control group. In addition, the LEP rs2167270 GA + AA was more frequent in low weight group (BMI ≤ 24.9) of girls with AIS. There was no significant association between LEP rs2167270 and AIS susceptibility, and LEPR rs2767485 and BMI. CONCLUSION The LEPR rs2767485 was associated with the genetic susceptibility of AIS and LEP rs2167270 with low BMI. These data can contribute to the identification of genetic biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Eulalio Pedrosa Araujo Junior
- Spine Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Borges Laurindo de Azevedo
- Spine Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Medeiros Moliterno
- Spine Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Henriques Tavares
- Spine Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jessica Vilarinho Cardoso
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Laboratory (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Rodrigues de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Laboratory (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, 23070-200, Brazil
- Research Division, INTO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Helton Luiz Aparecido Defino
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Laboratory (LAPESF), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, 23070-200, Brazil.
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Kang X, Qian M, Liu M, Xu H, Xu B. Predictive Factors Associated with Chronic Neck Pain in Patients with Cervical Degenerative Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pain Res 2023; 16:4229-4239. [PMID: 38107369 PMCID: PMC10723189 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s423144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the predictive factors of neck pain (NP) in patients with cervical degenerative disease by retrospectively analyzing their occupational and demographic characteristics and to provide a valuable reference for preventing and treating chronic NP. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the occupational and demographic data of patients with cervical degenerative disease who had undergone anterior cervical surgery between June 2021 and December 2022 at our center. The patients were divided into NP and no-NP groups based on whether they had chronic NP before surgery. Relevant occupational and demographic data from all patients were statistically analyzed, and all variables were made categorical. Forward stepwise logistic regression models were constructed for preoperative chronic neck pain to explore the possible risk factors associated with chronic neck pain. Results The differences in smoking, being an office worker, BMI, and disease types between NP and no-NP groups were statistically significant. In contrast, there were no statistically significant in age, sex, academic level, duration, and degeneration grade between the two groups. Moreover, further logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) were related to chronic neck pain. Conclusion The present study indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and CSR were predisposing risk factors for NP associated with cervical degenerative disease. Although intervertebral disc degeneration is the pathology basis of NP, the degeneration grade was not related to the occurrence of NP in our current study. Therefore, quitting smoking, avoiding sedentariness, and maintaining a normal BMI may prevent NP to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Medical University, Graduate School, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Qian
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Qinhuangdao Aier Ophthalmic Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Graduate School, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Hutchinson JL, Veras MA, Serjeant ME, McCann MR, Kelly AL, Quinonez D, Beier F, Séguin CA. Comparative histopathological analysis of age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration in CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice: Anatomical and sex-based differences. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1298. [PMID: 38156059 PMCID: PMC10751972 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributor to back pain and disability. The cause of IVD degeneration is multifactorial, with no disease-modifying treatments. Mouse models are commonly used to study IVD degeneration; however, the effects of anatomical location, strain, and sex on the progression of age-associated degeneration are poorly understood. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted to characterize age-, anatomical-, and sex-specific differences in IVD degeneration in two commonly used strains of mice, C57BL/6 and CD-1. Histopathological evaluation of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and caudal regions of mice at 6, 12, 20, and 24 months of age was conducted by two blinded observers at each IVD for the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and the NP/AF boundary compartments, enabling analysis of scores by tissue compartment, summed scores for each IVD, or averaged scores for each anatomical region. Results C57BL/6 mice displayed mild IVD degeneration until 24 months of age; at this point, the lumbar spine demonstrated the most degeneration compared to other regions. Degeneration was detected earlier in the CD-1 mice (20 months of age) in both the thoracic and lumbar spine. In CD-1 mice, moderate to severe degeneration was noted in the cervical spine at all time points assessed. In both strains, age-associated IVD degeneration in the thoracic and lumbar spine was associated with increased histopathological scores in all IVD compartments. In both strains, minimal degeneration was detected in caudal IVDs out to 24 months of age. Both C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice displayed sex-specific differences in the presentation and progression of age-associated IVD degeneration. Conclusions These results showed that the progression and severity of age-associated degeneration in mouse models is associated with marked differences based on anatomical region, sex, and strain. This information provides a fundamental baseline characterization for users of mouse models to enable effective and appropriate experimental design, interpretation, and comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Hutchinson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Matthew A. Veras
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Meghan E. Serjeant
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Matthew R. McCann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Ashley L. Kelly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Diana Quinonez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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Alfaqih MA, Aljanabi M, Ababneh E, Khanfar M, Alqudah M, Sater M. Leptin and the rs2167270 Polymorphism Are Associated with Glycemic Control in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin Therapy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:997. [PMID: 37241229 PMCID: PMC10221967 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with debilitating complications and high mortality. Evidence indicates that good glycemic control delays disease progression and is hence a target of disease management protocols. Nonetheless, some patients cannot maintain glycemic control. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum leptin levels and several SNPs of the LEP gene with the lack of glycemic control in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Materials and Methods: In a hospital-based case-control study, 170 patients with poor glycemic control and 170 patients with good glycemic control were recruited. Serum leptin was measured. Patients were genotyped for three SNPs in the LEP gene (rs7799039, rs2167270, and rs791620). Results: Serum leptin was significantly lower in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, serum leptin levels significantly lowered the risk of having poor glycemic control (OR = 0.985; CI: 0.976-0.994; p = 0.002); moreover, the GA genotype of rs2167270 was protective against poor glycemic control compared to the GG genotype (OR = 0.417; CI: 0.245-0.712; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher serum leptin and the GA genotype of the rs2167270 SNP of the LEP gene were associated with good glycemic control in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Further studies with a larger sample size from multiple institutions are required to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alfaqih
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mukhallad Aljanabi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Ebaa Ababneh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariam Khanfar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
| | - Mai Sater
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
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