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Hao J, Tan J, Zhang Y, Gu X, Zhu G, Wang S, Li J. Sewage sludge-derived nutrients and biostimulants stimulate rice leaf photosynthesis and root metabolism to enhance carbohydrate, nitrogen and antioxidants accumulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141335. [PMID: 38301837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The production of high quality liquid nitrogen fertilizer with both nutrient comprehensive and biostimulant properties by alkaline thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge has shown great potential in agricultural production. However, little is known about the effects of sewage sludge-derived nutrients, and biostimulants (SS-NB) on leaf photosynthesis and root growth in rice. Phenotypic, metabolic and microbial analyses were used to reveal the mechanism of SS-NB on rice. Compared to NF treatment, phenotypic parameters (fresh/dry weight, soluble sugar, amino acid, protein) were increased by SS-NB in rice. SS-NB can enhance the photosynthesis of rice leaves by improving the photoconversion efficiency, chlorophyll content, ATP synthase activity, Rubisco and NADPH production. Meanwhile, SS-NB also increased antioxidant capacity (SOD, POD, CAT and proline) in rice leaf and root tissues. Metabolomics revealed that SS-NB application increased the expression levels of metabolites in root and leaf tissues, including carbohydrate, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, amino acid metabolism, antioxidants, and phytohormone. Most importantly, the regulation of metabolites in rice root tissues is more sensitive than in leaf tissues, especially to the higher levels of antioxidants and phytohormones (IAA and GA) in rice root tissues. Furthermore, SS-NB increased the abundance of photosynthetic autotrophic, organic acids-degrading and denitrifying functional bacteria in rice roots and recruited plant growth-promoting bacteria (Azospirillum and norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45), while the NF treatment group resulted in an imbalance of the microbial community, leading to the dominance of pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that SS-NB had great application potential in crop growth and stress resistance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahou Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiayi Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- China Civil Engineering Society Water Industry Association, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Xuejia Gu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Wuxi Huilian Green Ecological Technology Co., LTD, Wuxi, 214100, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Su XX, Wan TT, Gao YD, Zhang SH, Chen X, Huang LQ, Wang W. Action mechanism of the potential biocontrol agent Brevibacillus laterosporus SN19-1 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing rice bacterial leaf blight. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:40. [PMID: 38142456 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The causal agent of rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes serious damage to rice, leading to yield reduction or even crop failure. Brevibacillus laterosporus SN19-1 is a biocontrol strain obtained by long-term screening in our laboratory, which has a good antagonistic effect on a variety of plant pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and bacterial inhibition of B. laterosporus SN19-1 against BLB to lay the theoretical foundation and research technology for the development of SN19-1 as a biopesticide of BLB. It was found that SN19-1 has the ability to fix nitrogen, detoxify organic phosphorus, and produce cellulase, protease, and siderophores, as well as IAA. In a greenhouse pot experiment, the control efficiency of SN19-1 against BLB was as high as 90.92%. Further investigation of the inhibitory mechanism of SN19-1 on Xoo found that the biofilm formation ability of Xoo was inhibited and the pathogenicity was weakened after the action of SN19-1 sterile supernatant on Xoo. The activities of enzymes related to respiration and the energy metabolism of Xoo were significantly inhibited, while the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was greatly increased. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed folds on the surface of Xoo. A significant increase in cell membrane permeability and outer membrane permeability and a decrease in cell membrane fluidity resulted in the extravasation of intracellular substances and cell death. The results of this study highlight the role of B. laterosporus SN19-1 against the pathogen of BLB and help elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong-Dong Gao
- Agriculture Technology Extension Service Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Song-Han Zhang
- Agriculture Technology Extension Service Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Agriculture Technology Extension Service Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Lan-Qi Huang
- Agriculture Technology Extension Service Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Shaban AS, Safhi FA, Fakhr MA, Pruthi R, Abozahra MS, El-Tahan AM, Subudhi PK. Comparison of the Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Responses to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:60. [PMID: 38202367 PMCID: PMC10780433 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice is a major food crop that has a critical role in ensuring food security for the global population. However, major abiotic stresses such as salinity and alkalinity pose a major threat to rice farming worldwide. Compared with salinity stress, there is limited progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with alkalinity tolerance in rice. Since both stresses coexist in coastal and arid regions, unraveling of the underlying molecular mechanisms will help the breeding of high-yielding stress-tolerant rice varieties for these areas. This study examined the morpho-physiological and molecular response of four rice genotypes to both salinity and alkalinity stresses. Geumgangbyeo was highly tolerant and Mermentau was the least tolerant to both stresses, while Pokkali and Bengal were tolerant to only salinity and alkalinity stress, respectively. A set of salinity and alkalinity stress-responsive genes showed differential expression in the above rice genotypes under both stress conditions. The expression patterns were consistent with the observed morphological responses in these rice genotypes, suggesting the potential role of these genes in regulating tolerance to these abiotic stresses. Overall, this study suggested that divergence in response to alkalinity and salinity stresses among rice genotypes could be due to different molecular mechanisms conferring tolerance to each stress. In addition to providing a basis for further investigations into differentiating the molecular bases underlying tolerance, this study also emphasizes the possibilities of developing climate-resilient rice varieties using donors that are tolerant to both abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghany S. Shaban
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa A. Fakhr
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Green materials Technology Department, Environment and Natural Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Rajat Pruthi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Mahmoud S. Abozahra
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Prasanta K. Subudhi
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
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Fu X, Zhong L, Wang H, He H, Chen X. Elucidation of the Mechanism of Rapid Growth Recovery in Rice Seedlings after Exposure to Low-Temperature Low-Light Stress: Analysis of Rice Root Transcriptome, Metabolome, and Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17359. [PMID: 38139187 PMCID: PMC10743590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Late spring cold is a disastrous weather condition that often affects early rice seedlings in southern China, limiting the promotion of direct seeding cultivation. However, there are few reports on the effect of these events and on the growth recovery mechanism of rice root systems after rice seedlings are exposed to this stress. This study selected the strong-growth-recovery variety B116 (R310/R974, F17) and the slow-recovery variety B811 (Zhonghui 286) for direct seeding cultivation and exposed them to low temperature and low-light stress to simulate a late spring cold event in an artificial climate chamber. The treatment consisted of 4 days of exposure to a day/night temperature of 14/10 °C and a light intensity of 266 µmol m-2s-1 while the control group was kept at a day/night temperature of 27/25 °C and light intensity of 533 µmol m-2s-1. The results showed that 6 days after stress, the total length, surface area, and volume of B116 roots increased by 335.5%, 290.1%, and 298.5%, respectively, while those of B811 increased by 228.8%, 262.0%, and 289.1%, respectively. In B116, the increase in root fresh weight was 223.1%, and that in B811 was 165.6%, demonstrating rapid root recovery after stress and significant differences among genotypes. The content of H2O2 and MDA in the B116 roots decreased faster than that in the B811 roots after normal light intensity and temperature conditions were restored, and the activity of ROS metabolism enzymes was stronger in B116 roots than in B811 roots. The correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome showed that endogenous signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism were the main metabolic pathways affecting the rapid growth of rice seedling roots after exposure to combined stress from low temperature and low light intensities. The levels of auxin and sucrose in the roots of the strong-recovery variety B116 were higher, and this variety's metabolism was downregulated significantly faster than that of B811. The auxin response factor and sucrose synthesis-related genes SPS1 and SUS4 were significantly upregulated. This study contributes to an understanding of the rapid growth recovery mechanism in rice after exposure to combined stress from low-temperature and low-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.F.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.H.)
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Lastochkina O, Yuldashev R, Avalbaev A, Allagulova C, Veselova S. The Contribution of Hormonal Changes to the Protective Effect of Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus subtilis on Two Wheat Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Sensitivities under Osmotic Stress. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2955. [PMID: 38138099 PMCID: PMC10745732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed priming with endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 (BS) on the hormonal system and cell wall tolerance (lipid peroxidation (LPO), electrolyte leakage (EL), and root lignin deposition) of two Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) varieties with contrasting drought sensitivities (Ekada 70-drought-tolerant (DT); Salavat Yulaev-drought-sensitive (DS)) under normal conditions and 12% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. The results showed that under normal conditions, the growth stimulation in wheat plants by BS was attributed to changes in the hormonal balance, particularly an increase in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation. However, under stress, a significant hormonal imbalance was observed in wheat seedlings, characterized by a pronounced accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and a decrease in the levels of IAA and cytokinins (CK). These effects were reflected in the inhibition of plant growth. BS exhibited a protective effect on stressed plants, as evidenced by a significantly lower amplitude of stress-induced changes in the hormonal system: maintaining the content of IAA at a level close to the control, reducing stress-induced ABA accumulation, and preventing CK depletion. These effects were further reflected in the normalization of growth parameters in dehydrated seedlings, as well as a decrease in leaf chlorophyll degradation, LPO, and EL, along with an increase in lignin deposition in the basal part of the roots in both genotypes. Overall, the findings demonstrate that BS, producing phytohormones, specifically IAA and ABA, had a more pronounced protective effect on DT plants, as evidenced by a smaller amplitude of stress-induced hormonal changes, higher leaf chlorophyll content, root lignin deposition, and lower cell membrane damage (LPO) and permeability (EL) compared to DS plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lastochkina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia (A.A.); (S.V.)
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Aizaz M, Khan I, Lubna, Asaf S, Bilal S, Jan R, Khan AL, Kim KM, AL-Harrasi A. Enhanced Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Mung Bean and Maize under Saline and Heavy Metal Stress through Application of Endophytic Fungal Strain SL3 and Exogenous IAA. Cells 2023; 12:1960. [PMID: 37566039 PMCID: PMC10417269 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern irrigation practices and industrial pollution can contribute to the simultaneous occurrence of salinity and heavy metal contamination in large areas of the world, resulting in significant negative effects on crop productivity and sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting potentials of an important endophytic fungal strain SL3 and to compare its potential with exogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) in the context of salt and heavy metal stress. The strain was assessed for plant growth-promoting traits such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellins (GA), and siderophore. We selected two important crops, mung bean and maize, and examined various physiological and biochemical characteristics under 300 mM NaCl and 2.5 mM Pb stress conditions, with and without the application of IAA and SL3. This study's results demonstrated that both IAA and SL3 positively impacted the growth and development of plants under normal and stressed conditions. In NaCl and Pb-induced stress conditions, the growth of mung bean and maize plants was significantly reduced. However, the application of IAA and SL3 helped to alleviate stress, leading to a significant increase in shoot/root length and weight compared to IAA and SL3 non-treated plants. The results revealed that photosynthetic pigments, accumulation of catalase (CAT), phenolic contents, polyphenol oxidase, and flavanols are higher in the IAA and SL3-treated plants than in the non-inoculated plants. This study's findings revealed that applying the SL3 fungal strain positively influenced various physiological and biochemical processes in tested plant species under normal and stress conditions of NaCl and Pb. These findings also suggested that SL3 could be a potential replacement for widely used IAA to promote plant growth by improving photosynthetic efficiency, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing metabolic activities in plants, including mung and maize. Moreover, this study highlights that SL3 has synergistic effects with IAA in enhancing resilience to salt and heavy stress and offers a promising avenue for future agricultural applications in salt and heavy metal-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA;
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ahmed AL-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (M.A.); (I.K.); (L.); (S.A.)
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Ullah G, Ibrahim M, Nawaz G, Khatoon A, Jamil M, Rehman SU, Ali EA, Tariq A. Plant-Derived Smoke Mitigates the Inhibitory Effects of the Auxin Inhibitor 2,3,5-Triiodo Benzoic Acid (TIBA) by Enhancing Root Architecture and Biochemical Parameters in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2604. [PMID: 37514219 PMCID: PMC10383894 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of plant-derived smoke (PDS) and auxin (IAA and IBA) on maize growth under the application of 2,3,5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA). For this purpose, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), each at a concentration of 10 ppm, along with PDS at a ratio of 1:500 (v/v) were used alone and in combination with 10 ppm of TIBA. The results indicate that the germination percentage (%) of maize seeds was enhanced under IAA, IBA and PDS treatment. However, IAA and IBA resulted in reduced germination when applied in combination with TIBA. Importantly, the germination percentage (%) was improved by PDS under TIBA treatment. The analysis of seedling height, length of leaves, and number of primary, seminal and secondary/lateral roots showed improvement under individual treatments of IAA and IBA, PDS and PDS + TIBA treatment, while these values were reduced under IAA + TIBA and IBA + TIBA application. Chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and antioxidative enzymatic activity including POD and SOD increased in seedlings treated with PDS alone or both PDS and TIBA, while in seedlings treated with IAA and TIBA or IBA and TIBA, their levels were decreased. APX and CAT responded in the opposite way-under IAA, IBA and PDS treatment, their levels were found to be lower than the control (simple water treatment), while TIBA treatment with either IAA, IBA or PDS enhanced their levels as compared to the control. These results reveal that PDS has the potential to alleviate the inhibitory effects of TIBA. This study highlights the role of PDS in preventing TIBA from blocking the auxin entry sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfan Ullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Nawaz
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Amana Khatoon
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 2262, Pakistan
| | - Essam A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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