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Seo YS, Song JH, Kim HS, Nam HH, Yang S, Choi G, Chae SW, Lee J, Jung B, Kim JS, Park I. An Integrative Study of Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai in an Ovalbumin-Induced Murine Model of Asthma: The Effect on T Helper 2 Cell Activation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:529. [PMID: 38675190 PMCID: PMC11055152 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scrophularia have traditionally been used as herbal medicines to treat neuritis, sore throats, and laryngitis. In particular, S. takesimensis, a Korean endemic species with restricted distribution on Ulleung Island, holds significant resource and genetic value. However, its pharmacological properties have not been thoroughly evaluated. Thus, we provide detailed morphological characteristics and genomic information for S. takesimensis in this study. Moreover, its pharmacological activity was evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced asthma rat model, using extracts of S. takesimensis roots (100 or 200 mg/kg). The distinguishing features of S. takesimensis from related species include the presence or absence of stem wings, leaf shape, and habitat. The chloroplast (cp) genome of this species is 152,420 bp long and exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure. A total of 114 genes were identified, which included 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The gene order, content, and orientation of the S. takesimensis cp genome was highly conserved and consistent with the general structure observed in S. buergeriana and S. ningpoensis cp genomes. Confirming the anti-inflammatory effects of S. takesimensis extract (STE) using an established mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma, we observed reduced asthmatic phenotypes, including inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus production, and suppression of T helper 2 (Th2) cell. Furthermore, STE treatment reduced Th2 cell activation and differentiation. This study underscores the medicinal value of S. takesimensis. The importance of preserving S. takesimensis was revealed and crucial insights were provided for further research on its utilization as a medicinal resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Soo Seo
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Ho Song
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Hyeon Hwa Nam
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea; (Y.-S.S.); (H.S.K.); (H.H.N.); (S.Y.); (G.C.)
| | - Sung-Wook Chae
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea;
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Bokyung Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
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Xiang YN, Wang XQ, Ding LL, Bai XY, Feng YQ, Qi ZC, Sun YT, Yan XL. Deciphering the Plastomic Code of Chinese Hog-Peanut ( Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth., Leguminosae): Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Insights within the Phaseoleae Tribe. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:88. [PMID: 38254977 PMCID: PMC10815570 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The classification and phylogenetic relationships within the Phaseoleae tribe (Leguminosae) have consistently posed challenges to botanists. This study addresses these taxonomic intricacies, with a specific focus on the Glycininae subtribe, by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the highly conserved plastome in Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth., a critical species within this subtribe. Through meticulous genomic sequencing, we identified a plastome size of 148,650 bp, composed of 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative genomic analysis across seven Glycininae species illuminated a universally conserved circular and quadripartite structure, with nine genes exhibiting notable nucleotide diversity, signifying a remarkable genomic variability. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 35 Phaseoleae species underscores the affinity of Amphicarpaea with Glycine, placing Apios as a sister lineage to all other Phaseoleae species, excluding Clitorinae and Diocleinae subtribes. Intriguingly, Apios, Butea, Erythrina, and Spatholobus, traditionally clumped together in the Erythrininae subtribe, display paraphyletic divergence, thereby contesting their taxonomic coherence. The pronounced structural differences in the quadripartite boundary genes among taxa with unresolved subtribal affiliations demand a reevaluation of Erythrininae's taxonomic classification, potentially refining the phylogenetic contours of the tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Xiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.-N.X.); (L.-L.D.); (Y.-Q.F.)
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.-N.X.); (L.-L.D.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Lu-Lu Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.-N.X.); (L.-L.D.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Xin-Yu Bai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.-N.X.); (L.-L.D.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Yu-Qing Feng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.-N.X.); (L.-L.D.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Zhe-Chen Qi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.-N.X.); (L.-L.D.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Yong-Tao Sun
- East China Survey and Planning Institute, The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, China;
| | - Xiao-Ling Yan
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
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Yan R, Gu L, Qu L, Wang X, Hu G. New Insights into Phylogenetic Relationship of Hydrocotyle (Araliaceae) Based on Plastid Genomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16629. [PMID: 38068952 PMCID: PMC10706649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocotyle, belonging to the Hydrocotyloideae of Araliaceae, consists of 95 perennial and 35 annual species. Due to the lack of stable diagnostic morphological characteristics and high-resolution molecular markers, the phylogenetic relationships of Hydrocotyle need to be further investigated. In this study, we newly sequenced and assembled 13 whole plastid genomes of Hydrocotyle and performed comparative plastid genomic analyses with four previously published Hydrocotyle plastomes and phylogenomic analyses within Araliaceae. The plastid genomes of Hydrocotyle exhibited typical quadripartite structures with lengths from 152,659 bp to 153,669 bp, comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region (83,958-84,792 bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,585-18,768 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) (25,058-25,145 bp). Each plastome encoded 113 unique genes, containing 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Comparative analyses showed that the IR boundaries of Hydrocotyle plastomes were highly similar, and the coding and IR regions exhibited more conserved than non-coding and single-copy (SC) regions. A total of 2932 simple sequence repeats and 520 long sequence repeats were identified, with specificity in the number and distribution of repeat sequences. Six hypervariable regions were screened from the SC region, including four intergenic spacers (IGS) (ycf3-trnS, trnS-rps4, petA-psbJ, and ndhF-rpl32) and two coding genes (rpl16 and ycf1). Three protein-coding genes (atpE, rpl16, and ycf2) were subjected to positive selection only in a few species, implying that most protein-coding genes were relatively conserved during the plastid evolutionary process. Plastid phylogenomic analyses supported the treatment of Hydrocotyle from Apiaceae to Araliaceae, and topologies with a high resolution indicated that plastome data can be further used in the comprehensive phylogenetic research of Hydrocotyle. The diagnostic characteristics currently used in Hydrocotyle may not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships of this genus, and new taxonomic characteristics may need to be evaluated and selected in combination with more comprehensive molecular phylogenetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (R.Y.); (L.G.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (R.Y.); (L.G.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lu Qu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Yunnan Branch, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong 666100, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (R.Y.); (L.G.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guoxiong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (R.Y.); (L.G.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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