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Richhariya V, Miranda G, Silva FS. An Experimental Parametric Optimisation for Laser Engraving and Texturing to Integrate Zirconia Ceramic Blocks into Stainless Steel Cutlery: A State-of-the-Art Aesthetically Improved Perspective. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2452. [PMID: 38793516 PMCID: PMC11122865 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cutlery and flatware designs are an everchanging phenomenon of the manufacturing industry. Worldwide hospitality businesses demand perpetual evolution in terms of aesthetics, designs, patterns, colours, and materials due to customers' demands, modernisation, and fierce competition. To thrive in this competitive market, modern fabrication techniques must be flexible, adoptive, fast, and cost effective. For decades, static designs and trademark patterns were achieved through moulds, limiting production to a single cutlery type per mould. However, with the advent of laser engraving and design systems, the whole business of cutlery production has been revolutionised. This study explores the possibility of creating diverse designs for stainless steel 304 flatware sets without changing the entire production process. The research analyses three key laser process parameters, power, scanning speed, and number of passes, and their impacts on the resulting geometry, depth of cut, surface roughness, and material removed. These parameters are comprehensively studied and analysed for steel and zirconia ceramic. The study details the effects of power, scanning speed, number of passages, and fluence on engraved geometry. Fluence (power*number of passages/scanning speed) positively influences outputs and presents a positive trend. Medium power settings and higher scanning speeds with the maximum number of passages produce high-quality, low-roughness optimised cavities with the ideal geometric accuracy for both materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Richhariya
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Georgina Miranda
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Samuel Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
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Hammami I, Graça MPF, Gavinho SR, Jakka SK, Borges JP, Silva JC, Costa LC. Exploring the Impact of Copper Oxide Substitution on Structure, Morphology, Bioactivity, and Electrical Properties of 45S5 Bioglass ®. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:213. [PMID: 38667224 PMCID: PMC11048336 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the requirements for implantable medical devices have increased, but the risks of implant rejection still exist. These issues are primarily associated with poor osseointegration, leading to biofilm formation on the implant surface. This study focuses on addressing these issues by developing a biomaterial for implant coatings. 45S5 bioglass® has been widely used in tissue engineering due to its ability to form a hydroxyapatite layer, ensuring a strong bond between the hard tissue and the bioglass. In this context, 45S5 bioglasses®, modified by the incorporation of different amounts of copper oxide, from 0 to 8 mol%, were synthesized by the melt-quenching technique. The incorporation of Cu ions did not show a significant change in the glass structure. Since the bioglass exhibited the capacity for being polarized, thereby promoting the osseointegration effectiveness, the electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied using the impedance spectroscopy method, in the frequency range of 102-106 Hz and temperature range of 200-400 K. The effects of CuO on charge transport mobility were investigated. Additionally, the bioactivity of the modified bioglasses was evaluated through immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The results revealed the initiation of a Ca-P-rich layer formation on the surface within 24 h, indicating the potential of the bioglasses to enhance the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Sílvia Rodrigues Gavinho
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - João Paulo Borges
- CENIMAT-I3N and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT-I3N and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Luís Cadillon Costa
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
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Park SS, Farwa U, Kim HD, Kim YS, Lee BT. Bone formation by Irisin-Poly vinyl alchol modified bioglass ceramic beads in the rabbit model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:23. [PMID: 38526676 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In the aging society, slow bone regeneration poses a serious hindrance to the quality of life. To deal with this problem, in this study, we have combined irisin with the bioglass regular beads to enhance the bone regeneration process. For this purpose, highly porous bioglass was obtained as spherical beads by using sodium alginate. The bioglass was evaluated by various analytical techniques such as SEM, EDS, XRD, and pore size distribution. The results depicted that porous bioglass was prepared correctly and SEM analysis showed a highly porous bioglass was formulated. On this bioglass, irisin was loaded with the assistance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in three concentrations (50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 150 ng/ml per 1 g of bioglass). SEM analysis showed that pores are covered with PVA. The irisin release profile showed a sustained release over the time period of 7 days. In vitro, biocompatibility evaluation by the MC3T3E1 cells showed that prepared bioglass and irisin loaded bioglass (BGI50, BGI100, and BG150) are highly biocompatible. Alizarin Red staining analysis showed that after 2 weeks BGI50 samples showed highest calcium nodule formation. In vivo in the rabbit femur model was conducted for 1 and 2 months. BGI150 samples showed highest BV/TV ratio of 37.1 after 2 months. The histological data showed new bone formation surrounding the beads and with beads loaded with irisin. Immunohistochemistry using markers OPN, RUNX, COL, and ALP supported the osteogenic properties of the irisin-loaded bioglass beads. The results indicated that irisin-loaded bioglass displayed remarkable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Su Park
- Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ume Farwa
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Doo Kim
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of regenerative medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of tissue regeneration, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Gavinho SR, Hammami I, Jakka SK, Teixeira SS, Silva JC, Borges JP, Graça MPF. Influence of the Addition of Zinc, Strontium, or Magnesium Oxides to the Bioglass 45S5 Network on Electrical Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:499. [PMID: 38276437 PMCID: PMC10820946 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
45S5 Bioglass has been widely used in regenerative medicine due to its ability to dissolve when inserted into the body. Its typically amorphous structure allows for an ideal dissolution rate for the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer, which is important for the development of new bone. This bioactive capacity can also be controlled by adding other oxides (e.g., SrO, ZnO, and MgO) to the 45S5 Bioglass network or by storing electrical charge. Ions such as zinc, magnesium, and strontium allow for specific biological responses to be added, such as antibacterial action and the ability to increase the rate of osteoblast proliferation. The charge storage capacity allows for a higher rate of bioactivity to be achieved, allowing for faster attachment to the host bone, decreasing the patient's recovery time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the variation in the structure of the bioglass with regard to the amount of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs), which is important for the bioactivity rate not to be compromised, and also its influence on the electrical behavior relevant to its potential as electrical charge storage. Thus, several bioactive glass compositions were synthesized based on the 45S5 Bioglass formulation with the addition of various concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2, mol%) of zinc, strontium, or magnesium oxides. The influence of the insertion of these oxides on the network was evaluated by studying the amount of NBOs using Raman spectroscopy and their implication on the electrical behavior. Electrical characterization was performed in ac (alternating current) and dc (direct current) regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rodrigues Gavinho
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Sílvia Soreto Teixeira
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.R.G.); (I.H.); (S.K.J.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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Hammami I, Gavinho SR, Jakka SK, Valente MA, Graça MPF, Pádua AS, Silva JC, Sá-Nogueira I, Borges JP. Antibacterial Biomaterial Based on Bioglass Modified with Copper for Implants Coating. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:369. [PMID: 37504864 PMCID: PMC10381177 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related implant infections pose a substantial threat to patients, leading to inflammation in the surrounding tissue, and often resulting in implant loss and the necessity for additional surgeries. Overcoming this implantology challenge is crucial to ensure the success and durability of implants. This study shows the development of antibacterial materials for implant coatings by incorporating copper into 45S5 Bioglass®. By combining the regenerative properties of Bioglass® with the antimicrobial effects of copper, this material has the potential to prevent infections, enhance osseointegration and improve the long-term success of implants. Bioglasses modified with various concentrations of CuO (from 0 to 8 mol%) were prepared with the melt-quenching technique. Structural analysis using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies did not reveal significant alterations in the bioglasses structure with the addition of Cu. The antibacterial activity of the samples was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the results demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth for the bioglass with 0.5 mol% of CuO. Cell viability studies indicated that the samples modified with up to 4 mol% of CuO maintained good cytocompatibility with the Saos-2 cell line at extract concentrations up to 25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the bioactivity assessment demonstrated the formation of a calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich layer on the surfaces of all bioglasses within 24 h. Our findings show that the inclusion of copper in the bioglass offers a significant enhancement in its potential as a coating material for implants, resulting in notable advancements in both antibacterial efficacy and osteointegration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Sofia Pádua
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Nogueira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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