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Sakka MK, Mavridis K, Papapostolou KM, Riga M, Vontas J, Athanassiou CG. Development, application and evaluation of three novel TaqMan qPCR assays for phosphine resistance monitoring in major stored product pests Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:275-281. [PMID: 37671455 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Stored product protection from insect pests relies heavily on the use of phosphine. The most serious drawback of phosphine is the development of resistance in major stored product insects worldwide, including the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Two genetic loci are responsible for phosphine resistance: the rph1 (S349G mutation in the cyt-b5-r homolog) in T. castaneum and the rph2 (P45/49S mutation in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene) in T. castaneum and R. dominica. RESULTS In this study, we have developed and applied high-throughput, practical and specific molecular diagnostics (TaqMan qPCR) for monitoring mutations S349G, P45S and P49S. In our pilot monitoring application, we have included phosphine-resistant and susceptible populations from different parts of the world (USA, Australia, Brazil) and European strains from Greece and Serbia. Our results for the resistant T. castaneum showed a P45S mutant allele frequency (MAF) of 100% and 75.0% in the populations from Serbia and Brazil, respectively. Regarding the susceptible T. castaneum, P45S was detected in Greece (MAF = 62.5%) and was absent in Australia (MAF = 0.0%). Additionally, the S349G mutation was found to be fixed in all resistant populations, while it was also detected in susceptible ones (frequencies: 65.0% and 100.0%). The only case where both mutations were fixed (100%) was a resistant population from Serbia. In R. dominica, the P49S mutation was found only in the two resistant R. dominica populations from Serbia and Greece (50.0% and 100%) and was absent from the susceptible one from Greece; thus, P49S seems to be a satisfactory indicator for monitoring phosphine resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our P49S detection assay in R. dominica seems to be a viable option in this direction, yet its utilization needs additional large-scale confirmatory work. The identification of additional resistance markers also should be prioritized. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Sakka
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Sakka MK, Nakas CT, Bochtis D, Athanassiou CG. Quick knockdown results in high mortality: is this theory correct? A case study with phosphine and the red flour beetle. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3740-3748. [PMID: 37226656 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fumigant phosphine is used all over the world for disinfestation of stored grains and commodities. Adults of 23 different populations of Tribolium castaneum from 10 different countries were evaluated for phosphine resistance using a modification of the Detia Degesch Phosphine Tolerance Test Kit (DDPTTK). Adults were exposed to 3000 ppm and recorded for 5-270 min for their mobility. RESULTS Among the tested populations, high levels of phosphine resistance were recorded in populations from Brazil, Serbia, and Spain. No survivals were recorded after 7 days post exposure for eight of 23 in a tested population. CONCLUSIONS Our work revealed four scenarios: 1, quick knockdown-low (or no) recovery; 2, Slow knockdown-high recovery; 3, Quick knockdown-high recovery; and 4, Slow knockdown-low recovery. Our data indicate that post exposure period is critical for the evaluation and characterization of phosphine resistance. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Sakka
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Greece
- Center for Research and Technology, Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos T Nakas
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern, University Hospital of the University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dionysis Bochtis
- Center for Research and Technology, Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Greece
- Center for Research and Technology, Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Deeksha MG, Nebapure SM, Kalia VK, Sagar D, Bhattacharya R, Dahuja A, Subramanian S. Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic frequency of phosphine resistance in select field populations of Tribolium castaneum from India. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6569-6578. [PMID: 37338735 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tribolium castaneum causes substantial damage to stored grains, leading to economic losses. The present study evaluates phosphine resistance in adult and larval stages of T. castaneum from north and northeast India, where continuous and long-term phosphine use in large-scale storage conditions intensifies resistance, posing risks to grain quality, safety, and industry profitability. METHODS AND RESULTS This study utilized T. castaneum bioassays and CAPS markers restriction digestion methodology to assess resistance. The phenotypic results indicated a lower LC50 value in larvae compared to adults, while the resistance ratio remained consistent across both stages. Similarly, the genotypic analysis revealed comparable resistance levels regardless of the developmental stage. We categorized the freshly collected populations based on resistance ratios, with Shillong showing weak resistance, Delhi and Sonipat displaying moderate resistance, and Karnal, Hapur, Moga, and Patiala exhibiting strong resistance to phosphine. Further validation by accessing findings and exploring the relationship between phenotypic and genotypic variations using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of T. castaneum resistance levels, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted pest management strategies. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the current phenotypic and genotypic resistance levels of T. castaneum in North and North East India. Understanding this is crucial for developing effective pest management strategies and future research on biological and physiological aspects of phosphine resistance in insects, enabling the formulation of effective management practices. Addressing phosphine resistance is vital for sustainable pest management and the long-term viability of the agricultural and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Deeksha
- Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suresh M Nebapure
- Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vinay Kumari Kalia
- Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Doddachowdappa Sagar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ramcharan Bhattacharya
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sabtharishi Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Aulicky R, Stejskal V, Frydova B, Athanassiou C. Evaluation of Phosphine Resistance in Populations of Sitophilus oryzae, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Rhyzopertha dominica in the Czech Republic. INSECTS 2022; 13:1162. [PMID: 36555073 PMCID: PMC9787142 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine is globally the most widely adopted fumigant for the control of storage pests. Recently, an increase in the frequency of stored-product pest resistance has been observed with significant geographical and interspecific variations. In this context, there are available data for the occurrence of resistant populations from America, Asia, Africa, and Australia, but there are few data in the case of Europe. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate phosphine efficacy in important beetle pests of stored products, i.e., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) sampled from the Czech Republic, using a rapid diagnostic test that is based on the speed to knockdown after exposure. Apart from the standard laboratory populations, which were used as the controls, we tested 56 field populations of these three species, collected in Czech farm grain stores. The survey revealed that 57.1% of the tested field populations were classified as phosphine-susceptible, based on the knockdown method used. However, profound variations among species and populations were recorded. The species with the highest percentage of resistant populations was R. dominica (71.4% of the populations; resistance coefficient 0.5-4.1), followed by S. oryzae (57.1% of the populations; resistance coefficient 0.8-6.9), and O. surinamensis (9.5% of the populations; resistance coefficient 0.5-2.9). Regarding the intra-population variability in response to phosphine (slope of the knockdown time regression), the laboratory and slightly resistant populations of all species were homogenous, whereas the most resistant populations were strongly heterogeneous. Our data show that the occurrence of resistance in the Czech Republic is relatively widespread and covers a wide range of species, necessitating the need for the adoption of an action plan for resistance mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Frydova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Tessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
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Sakka MK, Athanassiou CG. Population-Mediated Responses of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) to Different Diagnostic Protocols for Phosphine Efficacy. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:885-890. [PMID: 33438031 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated different monitoring protocols for phosphine resistance in adults of three populations of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), termed LB, 2KT, and E1. The protocols evaluated were as follows: 1) the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) bioassay, i.e., the exposure at 30 ppm of phosphine for 20 h, 2) the dose response, based on the exposure at 50-1,000 ppm of phosphine for 3 d, 3) the Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) bioassay, which is based on exposures of 4 d at 200 ppm, and, if there are surviving individuals, of 10 d at 700 ppm, and 4) Detia Degesch Phosphine Tolerance Test Kit (DDPTTK), based on the evaluation of the exposed insects for short intervals of exposure (in our case 90 min) at 3,000 ppm. From the populations tested, E1 indicated the highest survival in the FAO bioassay. Moreover, adults of this population were able to survive at 200 ppm, in the dose response, in contrast with the other populations. However, both 2KT and E1 gave similar results in DDPTTK, but only E1 had survivors after 7 d postexposure. Finally, only adults of E1 survived the CORESTA bioassay for 200 ppm and 4 d, but not for 700 ppm and 10 d. Our results show that, at least in the range of the populations tested here, there are some trends that are comparable among the different diagnostics for L. serricorne, which can be utilized further in designing a widely adopted standardized protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Sakka
- Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Center for Research and Technology, Volos, Greece
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Institute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology, Center for Research and Technology, Volos, Greece
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
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Sakka MK, Riga M, Ioannidis P, Baliota GV, Tselika M, Jagadeesan R, Nayak MK, Vontas J, Athanassiou CG. Transcriptomic analysis of s-methoprene resistance in the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, and evaluation of piperonyl butoxide as a resistance breaker. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:65. [PMID: 33472593 PMCID: PMC7819154 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica is a serious pest of stored grains. Fumigation and contact insecticides play a major role in managing this pest globally. While insects are developing genetic resistance to chemicals, hormonal analogues such as s-methoprene play a key role in reducing general pest pressure as well as managing pest populations that are resistant to fumigants and neurotoxic contact insecticides. However, resistance to s-methoprene has been reported in R. dominica with some reports showing a remarkable high resistance, questioning the use of this compound and other related analogues in grain protection. The current study attempts to identify possible molecular mechanisms that contribute in resistance to s-methoprene in R. dominica. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible strains of this pest species identified a set of differentially expressed genes related to cytochrome P450s, indicating their potential role in resistance to s-methoprene. Laboratory bioassays were performed with s-methoprene treated wheat grains in presence and absence of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a cytochrome P450 inhibitor. The results indicate that PBO, when applied alone, at least at the concentration tested here, had no effect on R. dominica adult emergence, but has a clear synergistic effect to s-methoprene. The number of produced progeny decreased in presence of the inhibitor, especially in the resistant strain. In addition, we also identified CYP complement (CYPome) of R. dominica, annotated and analysed phylogenetically, to understand the evolutionary relationships with other species. CONCLUSIONS The information generated in current study suggest that PBO can effectively be used to break resistance to s-methoprene in R. dominica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Sakka
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece.
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia V Baliota
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - Martha Tselika
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rajeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Manoj K Nayak
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou str., 38446, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
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Afful E, Tadesse TM, Nayak MK, Phillips TW. High-dose strategies for managing phosphine-resistant populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1683-1690. [PMID: 31749328 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhyzopertha dominica is a serious pest of stored grains and many populations have resistance to the fumigant phosphine. Some populations contain beetles with a 'strong resistance' phenotype. Recent work found the LC50 values for two strong-resistant populations recently studied in North America, Belle Glade and Minneapolis were 100- and 595-fold higher, respectively, compared to LC50 of a lab-susceptible strain. Populations with 'weak-resistant' phenotypes had LC50 values 5- to 10-fold that of a susceptible strain. The work reported below aimed to determine the minimum phosphine concentrations and number of days of exposure needed to effectively control all life stages of representative weak- and strong-resistant strains, and then to recommend the treatment conditions needed to control strongly phosphine-resistant R. dominica in pest populations. RESULTS A dose-mortality assay estimated that phosphine fumigation over 48 h using 730-870 ppm at 25° C would control adults of both strongly resistant R. dominica populations. Fumigations with mixed life stage cultures found 200 ppm killed all susceptible and weak-resistant beetles in 2 days, but the strong-resistant Minneapolis and Belle Glade strains had substantial survivors at 200 ppm. Furthermore, the Belle Glade strain had beetles that survived 1000 ppm in 2-day fumigations. The strong-resistant Belle Glade strain needed nearly 10 days at over 400 ppm to have acceptable levels of control. CONCLUSION This study recommends protocols to manage strongly resistant R. dominica populations provided that a minimum phosphine concentration of 400 ppm be maintained at 25° C or higher for up to 10 days. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Afful
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tesfaye M Tadesse
- Department of Plant Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Manoj K Nayak
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Thomas W Phillips
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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