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Park N, Correa Medina M, Martinez F, Throssel M, Dasgupta A, Knopfelmacher A, Villamin C, Rivas S, Tomczak N, Garg S, Layton L, Klein K. Trend towards reduction of transfusion reactions using prestorage leukocyte-reduced and pooled whole blood-derived platelets and cost savings compared with poststorage whole blood-derived random platelets as evidenced by real-time hemovigilance. Lab Med 2024; 55:251-254. [PMID: 38175635 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or hematologic malignancies, immunocompromised cancer patients may have higher incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions compared with the general population and frequently require platelet transfusions. This quality improvement project compared the safety of transfusion using prestorage leukocyte-reduced and pooled whole blood-derived platelets (Acrodose/WBD) with conventionally produced poststorage WBD platelets (RDP) using an active hemovigilance system. METHODS Every patient receiving a blood product at the hospital was virtually monitored in real time by trained nurses from a remote hemovigilance unit. These nurses monitor a digital dashboard, which populates a watch list of patients from the time blood product administration is initiated until 12 hours posttransfusion. Over the course of 6 months, 371 patients receiving 792 RDP transfusions and 423 patients receiving 780 Acrodose/WBD platelets transfusions were monitored for transfusion reactions. RESULTS We identified 26 transfusion reactions in RDP but only 12 transfusion reactions in the Acrodose/WBD platelet group. CONCLUSION Acrodose platelet transfusion was associated with fewer transfusion reactions, which resulted in significant cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Mayrin Correa Medina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Marla Throssel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Amitava Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, US
| | - Adriana Knopfelmacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Colleen Villamin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Sandra Rivas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Nancy Tomczak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Saahith Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, US
| | - Lorraine Layton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
| | - Kimberly Klein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US
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2
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Nellenbach K, Mihalko E, Nandi S, Koch DW, Shetty J, Moretti L, Sollinger J, Moiseiwitsch N, Sheridan A, Pandit S, Hoffman M, Schnabel LV, Lyon LA, Barker TH, Brown AC. Ultrasoft platelet-like particles stop bleeding in rodent and porcine models of trauma. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi4490. [PMID: 38598613 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bleeding after trauma represents a substantial clinical problem. The current standard of care to treat bleeding after trauma is transfusion of blood products including platelets; however, donated platelets have a short shelf life, are in limited supply, and carry immunogenicity and contamination risks. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop hemostatic platelet alternatives. To this end, we developed synthetic platelet-like particles (PLPs), formulated by functionalizing highly deformable microgel particles composed of ultralow cross-linked poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) with fibrin-binding ligands. The fibrin-binding ligand was designed to target to wound sites, and the cross-linking of fibrin polymers was designed to enhance clot formation. The ultralow cross-linking of the microgels allows the particles to undergo large shape changes that mimic platelet shape change after activation; when coupled to fibrin-binding ligands, this shape change facilitates clot retraction, which in turn can enhance clot stability and contribute to healing. Given these features, we hypothesized that synthetic PLPs could enhance clotting in trauma models and promote healing after clotting. We first assessed PLP activity in vitro and found that PLPs selectively bound fibrin and enhanced clot formation. In murine and porcine models of traumatic injury, PLPs reduced bleeding and facilitated healing of injured tissue in both prophylactic and immediate treatment settings. We determined through biodistribution experiments that PLPs were renally cleared, possibly enabled by ultrasoft particle properties. The performance of synthetic PLPs in the preclinical studies shown here supports future translational investigation of these hemostatic therapeutics in a trauma setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Nellenbach
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Emily Mihalko
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Drew W Koch
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jagathpala Shetty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Leandro Moretti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jennifer Sollinger
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nina Moiseiwitsch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ana Sheridan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sanika Pandit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | | | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Fowler School of Engineering and Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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3
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Cai Z, Feng J, Dong N, Zhou P, Huang Y, Zhang H. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in platelet transfusion therapy. Platelets 2023; 34:2242708. [PMID: 37578045 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2242708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain the characteristics of their cell of origin and mediate cell-to-cell communication. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) not only have procoagulant activity but also contain platelet-derived inflammatory factors (CD40L and mtDNA) that mediate inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that platelets are activated during storage to produce large amounts of PEVs, which may have implications for platelet transfusion therapy. Compared to platelets, PEVs have a longer storage time and greater procoagulant activity, making them an ideal alternative to platelets. This review describes the reasons and mechanisms by which PEVs may have a role in blood transfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cai
- Department of Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Feng
- Class 2018 Medical Inspection Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Nian Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gulin People's Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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4
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Cognasse F, Hamzeh Cognasse H, Eyraud MA, Prier A, Arthaud CA, Tiberghien P, Begue S, de Korte D, Gouwerok E, Greinacher A, Aurich K, Noorman F, Dumont L, Kelly K, Cloutier M, Bazin R, Cardigan R, Huish S, Smethurst P, Devine D, Schubert P, Johnson L, Marks DC. Assessment of the soluble proteins HMGB1, CD40L and CD62P during various platelet preparation processes and the storage of platelet concentrates: The BEST collaborative study. Transfusion 2023; 63:217-228. [PMID: 36453841 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and biochemical changes in stored platelets are influenced by collection and processing methods. This international study investigates the effects of platelet (PLT) processing and storage conditions on HMGB1, sCD40L, and sCD62P protein levels in platelet concentrate supernatants (PCs). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS PC supernatants (n = 3748) were collected by each international centre using identical centrifugation methods (n = 9) and tested centrally using the ELISA/Luminex platform. Apheresis versus the buffy coat (BC-PC) method, plasma storage versus PAS and RT storage versus cold (4°C) were investigated. We focused on PC preparation collecting samples during early (RT: day 1-3; cold: day 1-5) and late (RT: day 4-7; cold: day 7-10) storage time points. RESULTS HMGB1, sCD40L, and sCD62P concentrations were similar during early storage periods, regardless of storage solution (BC-PC plasma and BC-PC PAS-E) or temperature. During storage and without PAS, sCD40L and CD62P in BC-PC supernatants increased significantly (+33% and +41%, respectively) depending on storage temperature (22 vs. 4°C). However, without PAS-E, levels decreased significantly (-31% and -20%, respectively), depending on storage temperature (22 vs. 4°C). Contrastingly, the processing method appeared to have greater impact on HMGB1 release versus storage duration. These data highlight increases in these parameters during storage and differences between preparation methods and storage temperatures. CONCLUSIONS The HMGB1 release mechanism/intracellular pathways appear to differ from sCD62P and sCD40L. The extent to which these differences affect patient outcomes, particularly post-transfusion platelet increment and adverse events, warrants further investigation in clinical trials with various therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Dpt scientifique), Saint-Étienne, France.,University of Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Hind Hamzeh Cognasse
- University of Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marie Ange Eyraud
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Dpt scientifique), Saint-Étienne, France.,University of Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Amélie Prier
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Dpt scientifique), Saint-Étienne, France.,University of Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Charles Antoine Arthaud
- Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Dpt scientifique), Saint-Étienne, France.,University of Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang (headquarters Dpt), La Plaine, St Denis, France.,UMR RIGHT 1098, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Stephane Begue
- Etablissement Français du Sang (headquarters Dpt), La Plaine, St Denis, France
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Gouwerok
- Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin (Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (Greifswald School of Medicine), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konstanze Aurich
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin (Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (Greifswald School of Medicine), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Femke Noorman
- Military Blood Bank, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Larry Dumont
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc Cloutier
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation (Medical Affairs and Innovation), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation (Medical Affairs and Innovation), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cardigan
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sian Huish
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Smethurst
- Component Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dana Devine
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Tsalas S, Petrou E, Tsantes AG, Sokou R, Loukopoulou E, Houhoula D, Mantzios PG, Kriebardis AG, Tsantes AE. Pathogen Reduction Technologies and Their Impact on Metabolic and Functional Properties of Treated Platelet Concentrates: A Systematic Review. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022. [PMID: 36252605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) such as Mirasol and Intercept were developed to eliminate transfusion-transmitted infections. The impact of PRTs on platelet function during the storage period, their effect on platelet storage lesions, and the optimal storage duration following PRTs have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature and investigate the impact of PRTs on functional alterations of PRT-treated platelets during the storage period. The authors identified 68 studies suitable to be included in this review. Despite the high heterogeneity in the literature, the results of the published studies indicate that PRTs may increase platelet metabolic activity, accelerate cell apoptosis, and enhance platelet activation, which can subsequently lead to a late exhaustion of activation potential and reduced aggregation response. However, these effects have a minor impact on platelet function during the early storage period and become more prominent beyond the fifth day of the storage period. Large in vivo trials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of PRT-treated platelets during the storage period and investigate whether their storage can be safely extended to more than 5 days, and up to the traditional 7-day storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Tsalas
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Petrou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Agios Panteleimon" General Hospital of Nikea, Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Electra Loukopoulou
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Houhoula
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros G Mantzios
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health and Caring Science, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios E Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, "Attiko" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Ding YF, Huang Q, Quan X, Cheng Q, Li S, Zhao Y, Mok GSP, Wang R. Supramolecularly functionalized platelets for rapid control of hemorrhage. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:248-257. [PMID: 35820594 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Excessive bleeding has always been of great medical challenge, particularly in trauma and surgery. Due to the fast clearance of medicine and complex hemodynamics during hemorrhage, it is often difficult to achieve rapid and effective hemostasis on irregularly shaped, noncompressible visceral bleeding wounds. Herein, we report a hemostatic derived from supramolecularly functionalized platelets (SPLTs), showing rapid hemorrhage controlling effects via efficiently targeting injured vessels and in-situ aggregation. Von Willebrand factor-binding peptide (VBP) modified hyaluronic acid (HA-VBP) decorated platelets (PLTs) were fabricated via supramolecular host-guest interactions between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7], a host molecule) modified on HA-VBP (HA-CB[7]-VBP) and adamantane (ADA, a guest molecule) anchored on the surface of PLTs (ADA-PLTs). The SPLTs demonstrated approximately 10-fold improvements than the native PLTs in the targeting efficiency into the injured vessels in mice upon intravenous injection. More significantly, the total bleeding time and bleeding volume were dramatically reduced down to less than 1/4 and 1/10 of the control group, respectively, in both external and internal major bleeding mice models. This SPLTs provide a facile yet effective approach for rapid control of major hemorrhage and offers important new insights to the design and development PLTs-based hemostatics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hemorrhage is one of the greatest threats to humans in trauma and surgery. To reduce bleeding volume and time, transfusion of hematological products such as platelets (PLTs)-rich plasma is one of the most commonly used therapeutics, but with low targeting and hemostatic efficiency. Thus, engineered PLTs with expanded structural repertoire and functionalities are in urgent clinical needs. Herein, we developed supramolecularly functionalized PLTs (SPLTs), prepared with a mild and facile approach, for rapid control of hemorrhage with significantly enhanced targeting efficiency. The SPLTs not only provide a facile approach for rapid control of major hemorrhage, but also offer important new insights into the development PLTs-based hemostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qiaoxian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xingping Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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7
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ten Cate H, Lämmle B. Special Issue: "The Latest Clinical Advances in Thrombocytopenia". J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163463. [PMID: 34441759 PMCID: PMC8397007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo ten Cate
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, NL-P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Internal medicine and Biochemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center, NL-P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernhard Lämmle
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Central Hematology Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Haemostasis Research Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Schützenweg 3, CH 3065 Bolligen, Switzerland
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