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Katzmann JL, Stürzebecher PE, Kruppert S, Laufs U. LDL cholesterol target attainment in cardiovascular high- and very-high-risk patients with statin intolerance: a simulation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:474. [PMID: 38172531 PMCID: PMC10764910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The inability to tolerate sufficient doses of statins, statin intolerance (SI), contributes to the non-achievement of guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets. Patients with SI require alternative lipid-lowering therapies (LLT). We conducted a simulation study on LDL-C target achievement with oral LLT (ezetimibe, bempedoic acid) in patients with SI, using representative data of 2.06 million German outpatients. SI was defined using literature-informed definitions based on electronic medical records (EMR). Among n = 130,778 patients with hypercholesterolaemia, available LDL-C measurement, and high or very-high cardiovascular risk, 8.6% met the definition of SI. Among patients with SI, 7.7% achieved the LDL-C target at baseline. After simulation of the stepwise addition of treatment with ezetimibe and bempedoic acid, 22.6 and 52.0% achieved the LDL-C target, respectively. The median achieved LDL-C was 80 and 62 mg/dL, the corresponding reductions from baseline were 20.0 and 38.0%, respectively. A higher proportion of patients classified as high risk achieved the target compared to those at very-high risk (58.1 vs. 49.9%). In conclusion, in patients with increased cardiovascular risk meeting the definition of SI based on EMR, combination LLT with ezetimibe and bempedoic acid has the potential to substantially increase the proportion of patients achieving clinically relevant LDL-C reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius L Katzmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Louro R, Gouveia E Melo R, Ruivo J, Almeida AG, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. Incidence of muscle symptoms in placebo arm among statin-intolerant patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:887-894. [PMID: 37916684 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2274502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins are highly used in cardiovascular prevention. Statin intolerance is the most significant cause of decreased adherence, translating into a higher cardiovascular risk. This systematic review aims to estimate the incidence of muscle adverse events in patients with a history of statin intolerance receiving placebo. METHODS Database search was performed in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE until March 2023. This systematic review included blinded randomized control trials enrolling patients with a history of statin intolerance who received a placebo. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Results were presented in percentages, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Overall, eight studies with 8095 patients with a history of statin intolerance receiving placebo were included. The muscle adverse events incidence rate was 21.34% (95% CI 13.26-30.63%, 8 studies), and discontinuation due to adverse muscle events was 6.12% (95% CI 1.22-13.70%, 3 studies). The incidence was higher in subcutaneous placebo/sham (41.67%, 1 study) compared to oral placebo studies (22.95%, 6 studies). CONCLUSION In patients previously labeled as statin-intolerant, about a fifth of the patients exhibited muscle symptoms when receiving a placebo. This highlights the importance of ruling out non-statin-related symptoms to further optimize statin therapy for cardiovascular risk improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Louro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ryan Gouveia E Melo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Vascular Surgery, Heart and Vessels Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa - CCUL (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ruivo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa - CCUL (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana G Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa - CCUL (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (CHLN), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fausto J Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa - CCUL (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (CHLN), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Caldeira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa - CCUL (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (CHLN), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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