Association between Sleep Duration and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Healthy Subjects: A 14-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study

Sleeping More Hours Per Day Than Working Can Prevent New-Onset Diabetes

Objectives: We expressed the combined effect by the ratio of daily sleep time to daily work time. The aim of this study was to discussed the predictive ability of daily sleep hours/work hours (SH/WH) ratio for diabetes risk. Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of new-onset diabetes. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to visualize the influence trend of SH/WH ratio and diabetes risk. Results: The RCS model revealed a non-linear and L-shaped correlation between SH/WH ratio and diabetes risk. Compared with the participates with SH/WH ratio <1, those with a ratio ≥1 had a lower risk of developing diabetes. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of new-onset diabetes in Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 groups compared with Q1 group were 0.82 (0.57, 1.19), 1.05 (0.69, 1.59), 0.57 (0.36, 0.91), 0.66 (0.42, 1.06). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that Q4 group had lower cumulative incidence. Conclusion: Sleeping longer than working (SH/WH ratio ≥1) can reduce risk for developing diabetes. A minimal risk observed at 1.10-<1.37 (the fourth quintile) of SH/WH ratio.

Unraveling the associations and causalities between glucose metabolism and multiple sleep traits

Purpose

The aim of our study is to estimate the associations and causalities of glucose metabolism traits of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-h glucose post-challenge (2hGlu) with sleep traits consisting of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), insomnia, and sleep duration.

Methods

We employed standard quantitative analysis procedures to assess the associations between sleep traits and glucose metabolism. Moreover, we acquired published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for these traits and conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate their causal directions and effects. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was employed as the primary approach, followed by sensitivity analyses.

Results

A total of 116 studies with over 840,000 participants were included in the quantitative analysis. Our results revealed that participants with abnormal glucose metabolism had higher risks for EDS (OR [95% CI] = 1.37 [1.10,1.69]), insomnia (OR [95% CI] = 1.65 [1.24,2.20]), and both short and long sleep duration (OR [95% CI] = 1.35 [1.12,1.63]; OR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.13,1.67] respectively). In addition, individuals with these sleep traits exhibited alterations in several glycemic traits compared with non-affected controls. In MR analysis, the primary analysis demonstrated causal effects of 2hGlu on risks of EDS (OR [95% CI] = 1.022 [1.002,1.042]) and insomnia (OR [95% CI] = 1.020[1.001,1.039]). Furthermore, FINS was associated with short sleep duration (OR [95% CI] = 1.043 [1.018,1.068]), which reversely presented a causal influence on HbA1c (β [95% CI] = 0.131 [0.022,0.239]). These results were confirmed by sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

Our results suggested mutual risk and causal associations between the sleep traits and glycemic traits, shedding new light on clinical strategies for preventing sleep disorders and regulating glucose metabolism. Future studies targeting these associations may hold a promising prospect for public health.

The Link Between Sleeping and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Adults should get at least seven hours of sleep each night to preserve their overall health and well-being. Sleep disorders and other sleep-related issues affect a sizeable portion of the population. This reduction in sleep time may be brought on by the stress of modern life. This study's main goal was to look into the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sleep. In this study, papers were thoroughly screened utilizing keywords using databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, and MEDLINE. Additionally, a few articles were taken from the Cochrane Library. This study screened papers by title and abstract before applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eleven related studies were carefully assessed, and a quality evaluation check was conducted. T2DM and sleep issues are frequent issues that frequently coexist. People with T2DM frequently experience sleep problems, which can be bad for their health, their mood, and their quality of life. On the other hand, sleep disturbances like obstructive sleep apnea increase the risk of metabolic diseases like T2DM. As part of standard clinical practice, all T2DM patients should be tested for sleep disturbances and given proper care. Evidence suggests that sleep problems may play a role in metabolic abnormalities as risk factors.