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Fang Y. Comment on: Patients' Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Pain Reduction During Outpatient Hysteroscopy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2024:S1553-4650(24)00169-9. [PMID: 38641050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China.
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Cohen N, Nasra LA, Paz M, Kaufman Y, Lavie O, Zilberlicht A. Pain and anxiety management with virtual reality for office hysteroscopy: systemic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1127-1134. [PMID: 37917158 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Office hysteroscopy (OH) is a commonly performed procedure, although it might be associated with some degree of pain and anxiety. Our aim was to determine the effects of virtual reality on pain and anxiety levels felt by patients undergoing OH. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, ProQuest, Grey literature, and manual searching of references within studies found in the initial search were systematically searched using the terms 'Virtual Reality' and 'Hysteroscopy' without time or language limitations. The review considered all studies assessing the impact of virtual reality (VR) over OH outcomes, and prospective randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. Retrospective and case - control studies were excluded from the meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 17 studies, of which four randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis (327 participants, 168 in the VR group and 159 in the control group). On a 0-10 scale, pain sensation and maximal pain sensation during the operation were not statistically different between study and control groups (relative risk (RR) = -0.64, 95% C.I (-1.57)0.29) and (RR = -0.93, 95% C.I (-3.33) - 1.47), respectively. Anxiety measurement was statistically lower in the study group (RR = -1.73, 95% C.I (-2.79) - ( -0.67)). CONCLUSIONS The available data suggest that VR techniques do not decrease the pain sensation during OH however, they do contribute to a reduction in the anxiety levels experienced by patients. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023432819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Lelia Abu Nasra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Paz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Kaufman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Lavie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel Zilberlicht
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion University, Haifa, Israel
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Baradwan S, Alshahrani MS, AlSghan R, Alyafi M, Elsayed RE, Abdel-Hakam FA, Moustafa AA, Hussien AE, Yahia OS, Shama AA, Magdy AA, Abdelhakim AM, Badran H. The effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety management during outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1267-1280. [PMID: 38165441 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) intervention for pain and anxiety relief during outpatient hysteroscopy. METHODS Various databases were searched for available clinical trials from inception until June 2023. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared virtual reality intervention versus standard care among women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy. We used Revman software to perform our meta-analysis. The primary outcome was the pain score during the procedure. The secondary outcomes were anxiety during the procedure and pain post-procedure. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain and anxiety. RESULTS Six RCTs were retrieved, involving a total of 457 patients. Virtual reality was associated with a significant reduction in pain score during the procedure in comparison with the control group (MD = - 1.43, 95% CI [- 1.69, - 1.16], p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant decrease in anxiety during the procedure among the virtual reality group compared to the control group (p = 0.01). The pain score post-procedure significantly decreased within the virtual reality group (MD = - 1.52, 95% CI [- 1.78, - 1.26], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality technology is a simple, feasible, and effective intervention for reducing pain and anxiety during outpatient hysteroscopy. More trials are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan AlSghan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children Hospital, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alyafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Ezzat Elsayed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faiza Ahmed Abdel-Hakam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman Esmail Hussien
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University for Girls, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Othman Saadeldien Yahia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelaziz Shama
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amr Ahmed Magdy
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Haitham Badran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Vitagliano A, Dellino M, Favilli A, D' Amato A, Nicolì P, Laganà AS, Noventa M, Bochicchio MA, Cicinelli E, Damiani GR. Patients' Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Pain Reduction during Outpatient Hysteroscopy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2023; 30:866-876. [PMID: 37648150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.08.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of virtual reality technology (VRT), as used by patients, for reducing pain during outpatient hysteroscopy. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases and clinical registers were searched until June 21, 2023. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO before the data extraction (CRD42023434340). METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION We included RCTs of patients receiving VRT compared with controls receiving routine care during outpatient hysteroscopy. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS The primary outcome was average pain during hysteroscopy. Pooled results were expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were investigated through sensitivity and subgroups analysis. Five RCTs were included (435 participants). The comparison between the intervention and control groups showed a borderline difference in perceived pain during hysteroscopy (MD -0.88, 95% CI -1.77 to 0.01). Subgroup analysis based on the type of VRT (active or passive) indicated that active VRT potentially reduced the perception of pain (MD -1.42, 95% CI -2.21 to -0.62), whereas passive VRT had no effect (MD -0.06, 95% CI -1.15 to 1.03). CONCLUSION Patients' use of active VRT may be associated with a reduction in pain during outpatient hysteroscopy (evidence Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation 2/4). Future research should focus on conducting methodologically robust studies with larger sample sizes and more homogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amerigo Vitagliano
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (Drs. Vitagliano, Dellino, D' Amato, Nicolì, Cicinelli, and Damiani), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Miriam Dellino
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (Drs. Vitagliano, Dellino, D' Amato, Nicolì, Cicinelli, and Damiani), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Favilli
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (Drs. Favilli), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio D' Amato
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (Drs. Vitagliano, Dellino, D' Amato, Nicolì, Cicinelli, and Damiani), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Nicolì
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (Drs. Vitagliano, Dellino, D' Amato, Nicolì, Cicinelli, and Damiani), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) (Dr. Laganà), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Noventa
- Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health (Dr. Noventa), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Cicinelli
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (Drs. Vitagliano, Dellino, D' Amato, Nicolì, Cicinelli, and Damiani), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Raffaello Damiani
- 1st Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (Drs. Vitagliano, Dellino, D' Amato, Nicolì, Cicinelli, and Damiani), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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