1
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Du D, He J, Ju C, Wang C, Li H, He F, Zhou M. When N7-methyladenosine modification meets cancer: Emerging frontiers and promising therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216165. [PMID: 37028699 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
N7-methylguanosine (m7G) methylation, one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes, has recently gained considerable attention. The biological functions of m7G modification in RNAs, including tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, and miRNA, remain largely unknown in human diseases. Owing to rapid advances in high-throughput technologies, increasing evidence suggests that m7G modification plays a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. As m7G modification and hallmarks of cancer are inextricably linked together, targeting m7G regulators may provide new possibilities for future cancer diagnoses and potential intervention targets. This review summarizes various detection methods for m7G modification, recent advances in m7G modification and tumor biology regarding their interplay and regulatory mechanisms. We conclude with an outlook on the future of diagnosing and treating m7G-related diseases.
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2
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Mouratidis PXE, ter Haar G. Latest Advances in the Use of Therapeutic Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:638. [PMID: 35158903 PMCID: PMC8833696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional oncological interventions have failed to improve survival for pancreatic cancer patients significantly. Novel treatment modalities able to release cancer-specific antigens, render immunologically "cold" pancreatic tumours "hot" and disrupt or reprogram the pancreatic tumour microenvironment are thus urgently needed. Therapeutic focused ultrasound exerts thermal and mechanical effects on tissue, killing cancer cells and inducing an anti-cancer immune response. The most important advances in therapeutic focused ultrasound use for initiation and augmentation of the cancer immunity cycle against pancreatic cancer are described. We provide a comprehensive review of the use of therapeutic focused ultrasound for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients and describe recent studies that have shown an ultrasound-induced anti-cancer immune response in several tumour models. Published studies that have investigated the immunological effects of therapeutic focused ultrasound in pancreatic cancer are described. This article shows that therapeutic focused ultrasound has been deemed to be a safe technique for treating pancreatic cancer patients, providing pain relief and improving survival rates in pancreatic cancer patients. Promotion of an immune response in the clinic and sensitisation of tumours to the effects of immunotherapy in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer is shown, making it a promising candidate for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros X. E. Mouratidis
- Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, London SM25NG, UK;
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3
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Osei-Bordom DC, Sachdeva G, Christou N. Liquid Biopsy as a Prognostic and Theranostic Tool for the Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:788869. [PMID: 35096878 PMCID: PMC8795626 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) represent one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Survival is still low due to diagnosis at an advanced stage and resistance to treatment. Herein, we review the main types of liquid biopsy able to help in both prognosis and adaptation of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Osei-Bordom
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gagandeep Sachdeva
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niki Christou
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- EA3842 CAPTuR Laboratory "Cell Activation Control, Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance", Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
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4
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Wang HC, Shih HY, Wu CC, Chen LT, Luo CW, Liu YC, Du JS, Huang MC, Su YY, Chen HD, Hsiao HH, Moi SH, Pan MR. Clustering of Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes Predicts Prognosis and Clinical Benefit of Therapeutic Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1615-1627. [PMID: 36185333 PMCID: PMC9515693 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, translational research and pharmacological targeting of epigenetic modifications have become the focus of personalized therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer. Preclinical and clinical trials targeting post-translational modifications have been evaluated as monotherapy or in combination with standard chemotherapy. In this study, we selected 43 genes from seven families of chromatin-modifying enzymes and investigated the influences of epigenetic modifications and their interactions on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using hierarchical clustering analysis. Our analysis also evaluated their effects on treatment modalities and regimens of chemotherapy for PDAC. RNA-seq data for a total of 177 patients with pancreatic cancer, obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, were analyzed. Our results suggested that high-risk patients of survival significant chromatin remodeling-associated gene cluster (gene cluster 2), composed of histone methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone demethylases, and 10-11 translocation family, demonstrated inferior progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with PDAC, especially in men. Our novel biomarker, survival significant chromatin remodeling-associated gene cluster, showed superior prediction performance compared with the conventional TNM system. Overall, these findings suggest that epigenetic modifications and interactions play an important role in the prognosis and therapeutic response of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yao Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chin Huang
- Specialist Nurse and Surgical Nurse Practitioner Office, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital
| | - Yung-Yeh Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Da Chen
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
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5
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Cortesi M, Zanoni M, Pirini F, Tumedei MM, Ravaioli S, Rapposelli IG, Frassineti GL, Bravaccini S. Pancreatic Cancer and Cellular Senescence: Tumor Microenvironment under the Spotlight. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010254. [PMID: 35008679 PMCID: PMC8745092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers due to its late manifestation and resistance to current therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the malignant behavior of this cancer is mainly influenced by the associated strongly immunosuppressive, desmoplastic microenvironment and by the relatively low mutational burden. PDAC develops and progresses through a multi-step process. Early in tumorigenesis, cancer cells must evade the effects of cellular senescence, which slows proliferation and promotes the immune-mediated elimination of pre-malignant cells. The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor has been well-established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel pro-tumorigenic paracrine functions of senescent cells towards their microenvironment. Understanding the interactions between tumors and their microenvironment is a growing research field, with evidence having been provided that non-tumoral cells composing the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence tumor proliferation, metabolism, cell death, and therapeutic resistance. Simultaneously, cancer cells shape a tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive environment, influencing both non-tumoral neighboring and distant cells. The overall intention of this review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between senescent and non-senescent cell types and to describe how such interplay may have an impact on PDAC progression. Specifically, the effects and the molecular changes occurring in non-cancerous cells during senescence, and how these may contribute to a tumor-permissive microenvironment, will be discussed. Finally, senescence targeting strategies will be briefly introduced, highlighting their potential in the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (I.G.R.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.P.); (M.M.T.); (S.R.); (S.B.)
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6
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Lee CJ, Modave E, Boeckx B, Stacchiotti S, Rutkowski P, Blay JY, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Lambrechts D, Wozniak A, Schöffski P. Histopathological and Molecular Profiling of Clear Cell Sarcoma and Correlation with Response to Crizotinib: An Exploratory Study Related to EORTC 90101 "CREATE" Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236057. [PMID: 34885165 PMCID: PMC8657105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clear cell sarcoma (CCSA) is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma characterized by EWSR1 rearrangement and subsequent MET upregulation. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 90101 phase II trial evaluated the MET inhibitor crizotinib in CCSA but resulted in only sporadic responses. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify the molecular alterations potentially relevant for the treatment outcome by using archival CCSA samples and trial-related clinical data. We characterized MET signaling and revealed an infrequent activation of MET, which may explain the lack of response to crizotinib in the disease cohort. Based on sequencing analyses, we discovered copy number alterations, mutations and dysregulated pathways with potentially predictive or prognostic values for patients’ outcomes. This work describes the molecular heterogeneity in CCSA and provides deep insight into the biology of this ultra-rare malignancy, which may potentially lead to better therapeutic approaches. Abstract Clear cell sarcoma (CCSA) is characterized by a chromosomal translocation leading to EWSR1 rearrangement, resulting in aberrant transcription of multiple genes, including MET. The EORTC 90101 phase II trial evaluated the MET inhibitor crizotinib in CCSA but resulted in only sporadic responses. We performed an in-depth histopathological and molecular analysis of archival CCSA samples to identify alterations potentially relevant for the treatment outcome. Immunohistochemical characterization of MET signaling was performed using a tissue microarray constructed from 32 CCSA cases. The DNA from 24 available tumor specimens was analyzed by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing for the detection of recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) and mutations. A pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the pathways relevant for CCSA tumorigenesis. Kaplan–Meier estimates and Fisher’s exact test were used to correlate the molecular findings with the clinical features related to crizotinib treatment, aiming to assess a potential association with the outcomes. The histopathological analysis showed the absence of a MET ligand and MET activation, with the presence of MET itself in most of cases. However, the expression/activation of MET downstream molecules was frequently observed, suggesting the role of other receptors in CCSA signal transduction. Using sequencing, we detected a number of CNAs at the chromosomal arm and region levels. The most common alteration was a gain of 8q24.21, observed in 83% of the cases. The loss of chromosomes 9q and 12q24 was associated with shorter survival. Based on exome sequencing, 40 cancer-associated genes were found to be mutated in more than one sample, with SRGAP3 and KMT2D as the most common alterations (each in four cases). The mutated genes encoded proteins were mainly involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, polymerase-II transcription, DNA damage repair, SUMOylation and chromatin organization. Disruption in chromatin organization was correlated with longer progression-free survival in patients receiving crizotinib. Conclusions: The infrequent activation of MET may explain the lack of response to crizotinib observed in the majority of cases in the clinical trial. Our work describes the molecular heterogeneity in CCSA and provides further insight into the biology of this ultra-rare malignancy, which may potentially lead to better therapeutic approaches for CCSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.-J.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Elodie Modave
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.M.); (B.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.M.); (B.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 120133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 00001 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Centre Léon Bérard & Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.M.); (B.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.-J.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.-J.L.); (A.W.)
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-341019
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7
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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8
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Jiao H, Zeng L, Yang S, Zhang J, Lou W. Knockdown EIF3C Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cell. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820950061. [PMID: 32973416 PMCID: PMC7493259 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820950061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that eukaryotic initiation factor subunit (EIF3C) plays a crucial role in development of tumors. However, the underlying roles of EIF3Cin the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of EIF3C in PC tissues, their adjacent normal tissues and 3 cell lines (SW1990, PANC-1 and AsPC-1). Moreover, the EIF3C-shRNA lentivirus was constructed to suppress EIF3C expression. Following this, the cell colony formation assay was employed to evaluate proliferation ability of PC cells. Meanwhile, the cell cycle and apoptotic assays were also performed by flow cytometry. We found that level of EIF3C in PC tissues was significantly increased compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, the knockdown of EIF3C can significantly reduce cell proliferation, block cell cycle in G2/M and induce apoptosis in both SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. Our findings suggest that EIF3C plays a crucial role in the progression of PC and may be a potential target in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxiao Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Hu Y, Guo M. Synthetic lethality strategies: Beyond BRCA1/2 mutations in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3111-3121. [PMID: 32639661 PMCID: PMC7469842 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are often characterized by abnormalities in DNA damage response including defects in cell cycle checkpoints and/or DNA repair. Synthetic lethality between DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways has provided a paradigm for cancer therapy by targeting DDR. The successful example is that cancer cells with BRCA1/2 mutations are sensitized to poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Beyond the narrow scope of defects in the BRCA pathway, "BRCAness" provides more opportunities for synthetic lethality strategy. In human pancreatic cancer, frequent mutations were found in cell cycle and DDR genes, including P16, P73, APC, MLH1, ATM, PALB2, and MGMT. Combined DDR inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents are under preclinical or clinical trials. Promoter region methylation was found frequently in cell cycle and DDR genes. Epigenetics joins the Knudson's "hit" theory and "BRCAness." Aberrant epigenetic changes in cell cycle or DDR regulators may serve as a new avenue for synthetic lethality strategy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Kong L, Liu P, Zheng M, Xue B, Liang K, Tan X. Multi-omics analysis based on integrated genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics in pancreatic cancer. Epigenomics 2020; 12:507-524. [PMID: 32048534 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Integrated analysis of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and clinical information contributes to identify specific molecular subgroups and find novel biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. Materials & methods: The DNA copy number variation, the simple nucleotide variation, methylation and mRNA data of pancreatic cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Four molecular subgroups (iC1, iC2, iC3 and iC4) of pancreatic cancer were identified by integrating analysis. Results: The iC1 subgroup harbors better prognosis, higher immune score, lesser DNA copy number variation mutations and better genomic stability compared with iC2, iC3 and iC4 subgroups. Three new genes (GRAP2, ICAM3 and A2ML1) correlated with prognosis were identified. Conclusion: Integrated multi-omics analysis provides fresh insight into molecular classification of pancreatic cancer, which may help discover new prognostic biomarkers and reveal the underlying mechanism of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Busheng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80804, Germany
| | - Keke Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
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11
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A Ras-LSD1 axis activates PI3K signaling through PIK3IP1 suppression. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:2. [PMID: 31900384 PMCID: PMC6949251 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PI3K Interacting Protein 1 (PIK3IP1) is a suppressor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. We previously reported that activated Ras suppresses PIK3IP1 expression to positively regulate the PI3K pathway in cancer cells. Using doxycycline-inducible PIK3IP1, here we confirm that reversing the effect of Ras by inducing expression of PIK3IP1 suppresses Ras-induced anchorage-independent growth, supporting the central role of PIK3IP1 in transformation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Ras-activation that causes loss of PIK3IP1 expression are unknown. We find that Ras activity represses PIK3IP1 expression via the recruitment of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to the PIK3IP1 gene promoter and enhancer, resulting in erasure of active histone marks. These studies demonstrate cross-activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, where Ras decommissions PIK3IP1 gene expression by enhancing LSD1 and its corepressor activities to suppress PIK3IP1 transcription.
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Postoperative Imaging and Tumor Marker Surveillance in Resected Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081115. [PMID: 31357636 PMCID: PMC6722558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a catastrophic disease with high recurrence and death rates, even in early stages. Early detection and early treatment improve survival in many cancer types but have not yet been clearly documented to do so in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we assessed the benefit on survival resulting from different patterns of surveillance in daily practice after curative surgery of early pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had received curative surgery between January 2000 and December 2013 at our institute were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into one of four groups, based on surveillance strategy: the symptom group, the imaging group, the marker group (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and/or carcinoembryonic antigen), and the intense group (both imaging and tumor marker assessment). Overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and post-recurrence overall survival (PROS) were evaluated. Results: One hundred and eighty-one patients with documented recurrence or metastasis were included in our analysis. The median OS for patients in the symptom group, imaging group, marker group, and intense group were 21.4 months, 13.9 months, 20.5 months, and 16.5 months, respectively (p = 0.670). Surveillance with imaging, tumor markers, or both was not an independent risk factor for OS in univariate and multivariate analyses. There was no significant difference in median RFS (symptom group, 11.7 months; imaging group, 6.3 months; marker group, 9.3 months; intense group, 6.9 months; p = 0.259) or median PROS (symptom group, 6.9 months; imaging group, 7.5 months; marker group, 5.0 months; intense group, 7.8 months; p = 0.953) between the four groups. Multivariate analyses identified poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) (≥1), primary tumor site (tail), and tumor grade (poor differentiation) were poor prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: Surveillance with regular imaging, tumor marker, or both was not an independent risk factor for OS of pancreatic cancer patients who undergo curative tumor resection.
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