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Knapp M, Supruniuk E, Górski J. Myostatin and the Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1777. [PMID: 38136649 PMCID: PMC10741510 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. It is secreted mostly by skeletal muscles, although small amounts of myostatin are produced by the myocardium and the adipose tissue as well. Myostatin binds to activin IIB membrane receptors to activate the downstream intracellular canonical Smad2/Smad3 pathway, and additionally acts on non-Smad (non-canonical) pathways. Studies on transgenic animals have shown that overexpression of myostatin reduces the heart mass, whereas removal of myostatin has an opposite effect. In this review, we summarize the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of this protein in heart-related conditions. First, in myostatin-null mice the left ventricular internal diameters along with the diastolic and systolic volumes are larger than the respective values in wild-type mice. Myostatin is potentially secreted as part of a negative feedback loop that reduces the effects of the release of growth-promoting factors and energy reprogramming in response to hypertrophic stimuli. On the other hand, both human and animal data indicate that myostatin is involved in the development of the cardiac cachexia and heart fibrosis in the course of chronic heart failure. The understanding of the role of myostatin in such conditions might initiate a development of targeted therapies based on myostatin signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Łomża, 18-400 Łomża, Poland;
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2
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Myostatin: a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181913. [PMID: 37288303 PMCID: PMC10242177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder, its main clinical manifestations are obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Although metabolic syndrome has been the focus of research in recent decades, it has been proposed that the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome is related to pathophysiological processes such as insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation, but there is still a lack of favorable clinical prevention and treatment measures for metabolic syndrome. Multiple studies have shown that myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β family, is involved in the development and development of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome), and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. In this review, we describe the transcriptional regulation and receptor binding pathway of MSTN, then introduce the role of MSTN in regulating mitochondrial function and autophagy, review the research progress of MSTN in metabolic syndrome. Finally summarize some MSTN inhibitors under clinical trial and proposed the use of MSTN inhibitor as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Jakubina P, Meloux A, Duloquin G, Aho S, Vergely C, Béjot Y. Plasma growth differentiation factor - 8 / Myostatin level as prognostic biomarker of patients with ischemic stroke and acute revascularization therapy. PARADISE study. J Neurol Sci 2023; 448:120611. [PMID: 36958132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying biological markers of ischemic stroke (IS) is an important research approach to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the association between plasma Growth Differentiation Factor-8 (GDF-8)/Myostatin levels and outcome of IS patients. METHODS Consecutive patients with acute IS treated with either intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy at Dijon University Hospital, France were prospectively included. Clinical variables were recorded, and plasma GDF-8 was collected just after the revascularization procedure. Primary endpoint was functional outcome at 3 months assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Secondary endpoints included mRS scores at 6 and 12 months, and overall mortality over 1-year of follow-up. RESULTS Among the 173 included patients (median age: 76 years, Interquartile range (IQR): 66-85; 49% women), median plasma GDF-8 levels at admission were significantly lower in those with a poor outcome at 3 months defined as a mRS score > 2 (2073 (IQR: 1564-2757) pg/mL versus 1471 (1192-2241) pg/mL, p < 0.001). Lower GDF-8 levels at admission were associated with higher 3-months mRS score in multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis (OR = 0.9995; 95% CI: 0.9991-0.9999, p = 0.011). The association was also observed with 6- and 12-month mRS scores. Although mortality was higher in patients with lower GDF-8 levels, the association was not significant in multivariable Cox analysis. CONCLUSION Lower plasma GDF-8 levels were associated with a poorer functional outcome in IS patients treated with acute revascularization therapy. Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involving GDF-8 in post-stroke outcome remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Jakubina
- Dijon Stroke Registry, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, France.; EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (PEC2), University of Burgundy, France
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (PEC2), University of Burgundy, France
| | - Gauthier Duloquin
- Dijon Stroke Registry, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, France.; EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (PEC2), University of Burgundy, France
| | - Serge Aho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (PEC2), University of Burgundy, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Dijon Stroke Registry, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, France.; EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases (PEC2), University of Burgundy, France.
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4
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Chiang JY, Lin L, Wu CC, Hwang JJ, Yang WS, Wu YW. Serum myostatin level is associated with myocardial scar burden by SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Sun X, Yu Z, Liang C, Xie S, Wen J, Wang H, Wang J, Yang Y, Han R. Developmental changes in proteins of casein micelles in goat milk using data-independent acquisition-based proteomics methods during the lactation cycle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:47-60. [PMID: 36333141 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Casein micelles (CM) play an important role in milk secretion, stability, and processing. The composition and content of milk proteins are affected by physiological factors, which have been widely investigated. However, the variation in CM proteins in goat milk throughout the lactation cycle has yet to be fully clarified. In the current study, milk samples were collected at d 1, 3, 30, 90, 150, and 240 of lactation from 15 dairy goats. The size of CM was determined using laser light scattering, and CM proteins were separated, digested, and identified using data-independent acquisition (DIA) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA)-based proteomics approaches. According to clustering and principal component analysis, protein profiles identified using DIA were similar to those identified using the DDA approach. Significant differences in the abundance of 115 proteins during the lactation cycle were identified using the DIA approach. Developmental changes in the CM proteome corresponding to lactation stages were revealed: levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, folate receptor α, and prominin 2 increased from 1 to 240 d, whereas levels of growth/differentiation factor 8, peptidoglycan-recognition protein, and 45 kDa calcium-binding protein decreased in the same period. In addition, lipoprotein lipase, glycoprotein IIIb, and α-lactalbumin levels increased from 1 to 90 d and then decreased to 240 d, which is consistent with the change in CM size. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that fibronectin, albumin, and apolipoprotein E interacted more with other proteins at the central node. These findings indicate that changes in the CM proteome during lactation could be related to requirements of newborn development, as well as mammary gland development, and may thus contribute to elucidating the physical and chemical properties of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, Shandong, China
| | - Chuozi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Shubin Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China.
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6
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Komarova N, Panova O, Titov A, Kuznetsov A. Aptamers Targeting Cardiac Biomarkers as an Analytical Tool for the Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051085. [PMID: 35625822 PMCID: PMC9138532 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of cardiac biomarkers is used for diagnostics, prognostics, and the risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. The analysis of cardiac biomarkers is routinely performed with high-sensitivity immunological assays. Aptamers offer an attractive alternative to antibodies for analytical applications but, to date, are not widely practically implemented in diagnostics and medicinal research. This review summarizes the information on the most common cardiac biomarkers and the current state of aptamer research regarding these biomarkers. Aptamers as an analytical tool are well established for troponin I, troponin T, myoglobin, and C-reactive protein. For the rest of the considered cardiac biomarkers, the isolation of novel aptamers or more detailed characterization of the known aptamers are required. More attention should be addressed to the development of dual-aptamer sandwich detection assays and to the studies of aptamer sensing in alternative biological fluids. The universalization of aptamer-based biomarker detection platforms and the integration of aptamer-based sensing to clinical studies are demanded for the practical implementation of aptamers to routine diagnostics. Nevertheless, the wide usage of aptamers for the diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases is promising for the future, with respect to both point-of-care and laboratory testing.
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7
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Srivastava H, Pozzoli M, Lau E. Defining the Roles of Cardiokines in Human Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:884321. [PMID: 35821831 PMCID: PMC9261440 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.884321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years an expanding collection of heart-secreted signaling proteins have been discovered that play cellular communication roles in diverse pathophysiological processes. This minireview briefly discusses current evidence for the roles of cardiokines in systemic regulation of aging and age-associated diseases. An analysis of human transcriptome and secretome data suggests the possibility that many other cardiokines remain to be discovered that may function in long-range physiological regulations. We discuss the ongoing challenges and emerging technologies for elucidating the identity and function of cardiokines in endocrine regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangi Srivastava
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marina Pozzoli
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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8
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Williams SA, Ostroff R, Hinterberg MA, Coresh J, Ballantyne CM, Matsushita K, Mueller CE, Walter J, Jonasson C, Holman RR, Shah SH, Sattar N, Taylor R, Lean ME, Kato S, Shimokawa H, Sakata Y, Nochioka K, Parikh CR, Coca SG, Omland T, Chadwick J, Astling D, Hagar Y, Kureshi N, Loupy K, Paterson C, Primus J, Simpson M, Trujillo NP, Ganz P. A proteomic surrogate for cardiovascular outcomes that is sensitive to multiple mechanisms of change in risk. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj9625. [PMID: 35385337 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj9625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A reliable, individualized, and dynamic surrogate of cardiovascular risk, synoptic for key biologic mechanisms, could shorten the path for drug development, enhance drug cost-effectiveness and improve patient outcomes. We used highly multiplexed proteomics to address these objectives, measuring about 5000 proteins in each of 32,130 archived plasma samples from 22,849 participants in nine clinical studies. We used machine learning to derive a 27-protein model predicting 4-year likelihood of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or death. The 27 proteins encompassed 10 biologic systems, and 12 were associated with relevant causal genetic traits. We independently validated results in 11,609 participants. Compared to a clinical model, the ratio of observed events in quintile 5 to quintile 1 was 6.7 for proteins versus 2.9 for the clinical model, AUCs (95% CI) were 0.73 (0.72 to 0.74) versus 0.64 (0.62 to 0.65), c-statistics were 0.71 (0.69 to 0.72) versus 0.62 (0.60 to 0.63), and the net reclassification index was +0.43. Adding the clinical model to the proteins only improved discrimination metrics by 0.01 to 0.02. Event rates in four predefined protein risk categories were 5.6, 11.2, 20.0, and 43.4% within 4 years; median time to event was 1.71 years. Protein predictions were directionally concordant with changed outcomes. Adverse risks were predicted for aging, approaching an event, anthracycline chemotherapy, diabetes, smoking, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer history, cardiovascular disease, high systolic blood pressure, and lipids. Reduced risks were predicted for weight loss and exenatide. The 27-protein model has potential as a "universal" surrogate end point for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josef Coresh
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | | | - Christian E Mueller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Joan Walter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich 7491, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jonasson
- Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Rury R Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Svati H Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Duke Department of Medicine, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Roy Taylor
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael E Lean
- School of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8576, Japan.,Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | | | - Steven G Coca
- Mt Sinai Clinical and Translational Science Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo 1478, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Ganz
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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9
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Crapnell RD, Dempsey NC, Sigley E, Tridente A, Banks CE. Electroanalytical point-of-care detection of gold standard and emerging cardiac biomarkers for stratification and monitoring in intensive care medicine - a review. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:142. [PMID: 35279780 PMCID: PMC8917829 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Determination of specific cardiac biomarkers (CBs) during the diagnosis and management of adverse cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become commonplace in emergency department (ED), cardiology and many other ward settings. Cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-pro-BNP) are the preferred biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnostic workup of AMI, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and other types of myocardial ischaemia and heart failure (HF), while the roles and possible clinical applications of several other potential biomarkers continue to be evaluated and are the subject of several comprehensive reviews. The requirement for rapid, repeated testing of a small number of CBs in ED and cardiology patients has led to the development of point-of-care (PoC) technology to circumvent the need for remote and lengthy testing procedures in the hospital pathology laboratories. Electroanalytical sensing platforms have the potential to meet these requirements. This review aims firstly to reflect on the potential benefits of rapid CB testing in critically ill patients, a very distinct cohort of patients with deranged baseline levels of CBs. We summarise their source and clinical relevance and are the first to report the required analytical ranges for such technology to be of value in this patient cohort. Secondly, we review the current electrochemical approaches, including its sub-variants such as photoelectrochemical and electrochemiluminescence, for the determination of important CBs highlighting the various strategies used, namely the use of micro- and nanomaterials, to maximise the sensitivities and selectivities of such approaches. Finally, we consider the challenges that must be overcome to allow for the commercialisation of this technology and transition into intensive care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nina C Dempsey
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Evelyn Sigley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ascanio Tridente
- Intensive Care Unit, Whiston Hospital, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Warrington Road, Prescot, L35 5DR, UK
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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10
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Durante M, Sgambellone S, Lucarini L, Failli P, Laurino A, Collotta D, Provensi G, Masini E, Collino M. D-Tagatose Feeding Reduces the Risk of Sugar-Induced Exacerbation of Myocardial I/R Injury When Compared to Its Isomer Fructose. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:650962. [PMID: 33928123 PMCID: PMC8076855 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.650962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that fructose may contribute to myocardial vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. D-tagatose is a fructose isomer with less caloric value and used as low-calorie sweetener. Here we compared the metabolic impact of fructose or D-tagatose enriched diets on potential exacerbation of myocardial I/R injury. Wistar rats were randomizedly allocated in the experimental groups and fed with one of the following diets: control (CTRL), 30% fructose-enriched (FRU 30%) or 30% D-tagatose-enriched (TAG 30%). After 24 weeks of dietary manipulation, rats underwent myocardial injury caused by 30 min ligature of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 24 h′ reperfusion. Fructose consumption resulted in body weight increase (49%) as well as altered glucose, insulin and lipid profiles. These effects were associated with increased I/R-induced myocardial damage, oxidative stress (36.5%) and inflammation marker expression. TAG 30%-fed rats showed lower oxidative stress (21%) and inflammation in comparison with FRU-fed rats. Besides, TAG diet significantly reduced plasmatic inflammatory cytokines and GDF8 expression (50%), while increased myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (59%). Overall, we demonstrated that D-tagatose represents an interesting sugar alternative when compared to its isomer fructose with reduced deleterious impact not only on the metabolic profile but also on the related heart susceptibility to I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Durante
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Zhao J, Pei L. Cardiac Endocrinology: Heart-Derived Hormones in Physiology and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:949-960. [PMID: 33015416 PMCID: PMC7524786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart plays a central role in the circulatory system and provides essential oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors to the whole organism. The heart can synthesize and secrete endocrine signals to communicate with distant target organs. Studies of long-known and recently discovered heart-derived hormones highlight a shared theme and reveal a unified mechanism of heart-derived hormones in coordinating cardiac function and target organ biology. This paper reviews the biochemistry, signaling, function, regulation, and clinical significance of representative heart-derived hormones, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. This review also discusses important and exciting questions that will advance the field of cardiac endocrinology.
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Key Words
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- ActR, activin receptor
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FSTL, follistatin-like
- GDF, growth differentiation factor
- GDF15
- GFRAL, GDNF family receptor α-like
- NPR, natriuretic peptide receptors
- PCSK, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type
- ST2, suppression of tumorigenesis-2
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- cardiac endocrinology
- heart
- heart-derived hormones
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082401. [PMID: 32796600 PMCID: PMC7469036 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome with a significant impact on older patients’ quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Despite the new available criteria, its early diagnosis remains difficult, highlighting the necessity of looking for a valid muscle wasting biomarker. Myostatin, a muscle mass negative regulator, is one of the potential candidates. The aim of this work is to point out various factors affecting the potential of myostatin as a biomarker of muscle wasting. Based on the literature review, we can say that recent studies produced conflicting results and revealed a number of potential confounding factors influencing their use in sarcopenia diagnosing. These factors include physiological variables (such as age, sex and physical activity) as well as a variety of disorders (including heart failure, metabolic syndrome, kidney failure and inflammatory diseases) and differences in laboratory measurement methodology. Our conclusion is that although myostatin alone might not prove to be a feasible biomarker, it could become an important part of a recently proposed panel of muscle wasting biomarkers. However, a thorough understanding of the interrelationship of these markers, as well as establishing a valid measurement methodology for myostatin and revising current research data in the light of new criteria of sarcopenia, is needed.
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Chung JO, Park SY, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Serum myostatin levels are positively associated with diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107592. [PMID: 32354624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between serum myostatin levels and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 246 individuals with type 2 DM. Analysis of covariance was performed after adjusting for confounders. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between serum myostatin levels and diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS Serum myostatin levels were significantly higher in individuals with diabetic retinopathy than in those without. After adjusting for other covariates, the mean serum myostatin levels were significantly different according to the severity of retinopathy (without diabetic retinopathy, 2234 pg/mL; non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2698 pg/mL; and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 3076 pg/mL; p for trend = 0.004). The multivariate analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio for every 1 standard deviation-increase in logarithmic value, 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.21-2.59; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Serum myostatin levels were positively associated with diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ook Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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