Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Individual Particles in Dense Dust Clouds: Benchmarking Camera Orientations and Reconstruction Algorithms

Complex plasma research under microgravity conditions

The future of complex plasma research under microgravity condition, in particular on the International Space Station ISS, is discussed. First, the importance of this research and the benefit of microgravity investigations are summarized. Next, the key knowledge gaps, which could be topics of future microgravity research are identified. Here not only fundamental aspects are proposed but also important applications for lunar exploration as well as artificial intelligence technology are discussed. Finally, short, middle and long-term recommendations for complex plasma research under microgravity are given.

Determination of best particle tracking velocimetry method for two-dimensional dusty plasmas

A practical procedure of determining the best choice of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) methods for the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasmas is provided. Using the measured particle positions with errors, the algorithm of PTV introduces further systematic errors while calculating particle velocities. To better quantify the errors, computer simulations of 2D Yukawa liquids are performed so that the true particle positions and velocities are precisely known. Synthetic data are achieved by varying the time interval between frames and adding the uncertainty with the different magnitude to the particle position data. Various PTV methods are used to calculate the velocity data from the achieved synthetic data, and the obtained velocity data from these PTV methods are compared with the true velocity data using two diagnostics to determine the best PTV method for various conditions. The results of various PTV methods with the simulation data are further confirmed by the demonstration using the 2D dusty plasma experimental data. This practical procedure is also applicable to determine the best PTV method for dusty plasmas in different conditions, such as those in Tokamaks, and for other physical systems, including colloids, granular materials, and fluid mechanics.

Charge measurement of SiO_{2} nanoparticles in an rf plasma by ir absorption

We have performed measurements of the ir absorption of SiO_{2} nanoparticles confined in an argon radiofrequency plasma discharge using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. By varying the gas pressure of the discharge and duty cycle of the applied radiofrequency voltage, we observed a shift of the absorption peak of SiO_{2}. We attributed this shift to charge-dependent absorption features of SiO_{2}. The charge-dependent shift has been calculated for SiO_{2} particles, and from comparisons with the experiment the particle charge has been retrieved using our infrared phonon resonance shift method. With the two different approaches of changing the gas pressure and altering the duty cycle, we are able to deduce a relative change of the particle charge with pressure variations and an absolute estimate of the charge with the duty cycle.

"Zyflex": Next generation plasma chamber for complex plasma research in space

In this paper, we give a detailed description of a novel plasma chamber-the Zyflex chamber-that has been specifically designed for complex/dusty plasma research under reduced gravitational influence as realized during parabolic flight or aboard the International Space Station. The cylindrical, radio-frequency driven discharge device includes a variety of innovations that, for example, allow us to flexibly adjust plasma parameters and its volume via enhanced plasma generation control and a movable, multi-segmented electrode system. The new complex/dusty plasma research tool also supports, due to its overall increased size compared to former space based complex plasma experiments such as PKE-Nefedov or PK-3 Plus, much larger particle systems. Additionally, it can be operated at much lower neutral gas pressures, thus reducing the damping of particle motion considerably. Beyond the technical description and particle-in-cell simulation based characterization of the plasma vessel, we show sample results from experiments performed with this device in the laboratory as well as during parabolic flights, both of which clearly demonstrate the new quality of complex/dusty plasma research that becomes accessible with this new plasma device.