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Shen Q, Ruan H, Zhang H, Wu T, Zhu K, Han W, Dong R, Ming T, Qi H, Zhang Y. Utilization of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology in filamentous fungi: function and advancement potentiality. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1375120. [PMID: 38605715 PMCID: PMC11007153 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1375120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi play a crucial role in environmental pollution control, protein secretion, and the production of active secondary metabolites. The evolution of gene editing technology has significantly improved the study of filamentous fungi, which in the past was laborious and time-consuming. But recently, CRISPR-Cas systems, which utilize small guide RNA (sgRNA) to mediate clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), have demonstrated considerable promise in research and application for filamentous fungi. The principle, function, and classification of CRISPR-Cas, along with its application strategies and research progress in filamentous fungi, will all be covered in the review. Additionally, we will go over general matters to take into account when editing a genome with the CRISPR-Cas system, including the creation of vectors, different transformation methodologies, multiple editing approaches, CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) or interference (CRISPRi), base editors (BEs), and Prime editors (PEs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haihua Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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Wang ZD, Wang BT, Jin L, Ruan HH, Jin FJ. Implications of carbon catabolite repression for Aspergillus-based cell factories: A review. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300551. [PMID: 38403447 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a global regulatory mechanism that allows organisms to preferentially utilize a preferred carbon source (usually glucose) by suppressing the expression of genes associated with the utilization of nonpreferred carbon sources. Aspergillus is a large genus of filamentous fungi, some species of which have been used as microbial cell factories for the production of organic acids, industrial enzymes, pharmaceuticals, and other fermented products due to their safety, substrate convenience, and well-established post-translational modifications. Many recent studies have verified that CCR-related genetic alterations can boost the yield of various carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), even under CCR conditions. Based on these findings, we emphasize that appropriate regulation of the CCR pathway, especially the expression of the key transcription factor CreA gene, has great potential for further expanding the application of Aspergillus cell factories to develop strains for industrial CAZymes production. Further, the genetically modified CCR strains (chassis hosts) can also be used for the production of other useful natural products and recombinant proteins, among others. We here review the regulatory mechanisms of CCR in Aspergillus and its direct application in enzyme production, as well as its potential application in organic acid and pharmaceutical production to illustrate the effects of CCR on Aspergillus cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Dong Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao-Teng Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hua Ruan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Jie Jin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Steixner S, Vahedi Shahandashti R, Siller A, Ulmer H, Reider N, Schennach H, Lass-Flörl C. Aspergillus terreus Antibody Serosurveillance in Tyrol: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study of a Healthy Population. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1008. [PMID: 37888264 PMCID: PMC10607556 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare, but emerging mold Aspergillus terreus is an important pathogen in some geographical areas, like Tyrol (Austria) and Houston (Texas). The reason for this high prevalence is unknown. The present serosurveillance study aimed to evaluate the trends in levels of A. terreus-specific IgG antibodies in various regions of Tyrol and to compare the results to the environmental spread of A. terreus in Tyrol. Therefore, 1058 serum samples from healthy blood donors were evaluated. Data revealed a significant difference between the Tyrolean Upland and Lowland. Moreover, female participants had higher A. terreus IgG antibody levels than male participants. The differences found in our study are consistent with the distributional differences in environmental and clinical samples described in previous studies, supporting that A. terreus IgG antibody levels reflect the environmental epidemiology of A. terreus in Tyrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Steixner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria; (S.S.); (R.V.S.)
| | - Roya Vahedi Shahandashti
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria; (S.S.); (R.V.S.)
| | - Anita Siller
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria; (A.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria;
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria;
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria; (A.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria; (S.S.); (R.V.S.)
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Spina R, Ropars A, Bouazzi S, Dadi S, Lemiere P, Dupire F, Khiralla A, Yagi S, Frippiat JP, Laurain-Mattar D. Screening of Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Metabolomics Analysis of Endophytic Fungal Extracts; Identification and Characterization of Perylenequinones and Terpenoids from the Interesting Active Alternaria Endophyte. Molecules 2023; 28:6531. [PMID: 37764307 PMCID: PMC10534442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from inflammatory chronic diseases are classically treated with anti-inflammatory drugs but unfortunately are highly susceptible to becoming resistant to their treatment. Finding new drugs is therefore crucial and urgent and research on endophytic fungi is a promising way forward. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that colonize healthy plants and live within their intercellular tissues. They are able to produce a large variety of secondary metabolites while allowing their host to stay healthy. A number of these molecules are endowed with antioxidant or antimicrobial as well as cytotoxic properties, making them very interesting/promising in the field of human therapy. The aim of our study was to investigate whether extracts from five endophytic fungi isolated from plants are endowed with anti-inflammatory activity. Extracts of the endophytic fungi Alternaria alternata from Calotropis procera leaves and Aspergillus terreus from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds were able to counteract the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pro-inflammatory effect on THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. Moreover, they were able to induce an anti-inflammatory state, rendering them less sensitive to the LPS pro-inflammatory stimulus. Taken together, these results show that these both endophytic fungi could be interesting alternatives to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. To gain more detailed knowledge of their chemical richness, phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extracts of the five endophytic fungi studied was performed using HPTLC, GC-MS and LC-MS with the Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) platform and the MolNetEnhancer tool. A large family of metabolites (carboxylic acids and derivatives, steroid derivatives, alkaloids, hydroxyanthraquinones, valerolactones and perylenequinones) were detected. The purification of endophytic fungus extract of Alternaria alternate, which diminished TNF-α production of 66% at 20 µg/mL, incubated one hour before LPS addition, led to the characterization of eight pure compounds. These molecules are altertoxins I, II, III, tricycloalternarenes 3a, 1b, 2b, anthranilic acid, and o-acetamidobenzoic acid. In the future, all these pure compounds will be evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity, while altertoxin II has been shown in the literature as the most active mycotoxin in terms of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Spina
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Armelle Ropars
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.R.); (J.-P.F.)
| | - Sihem Bouazzi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.B.); (S.D.); (P.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Safa Dadi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.B.); (S.D.); (P.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Pascal Lemiere
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.B.); (S.D.); (P.L.); (F.D.)
| | - François Dupire
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.B.); (S.D.); (P.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Afra Khiralla
- Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Shendi University, Shendi 11111, Sudan;
| | - Sakina Yagi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan;
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.R.); (J.-P.F.)
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Prescott TAK, Hill R, Mas-Claret E, Gaya E, Burns E. Fungal Drug Discovery for Chronic Disease: History, New Discoveries and New Approaches. Biomolecules 2023; 13:986. [PMID: 37371566 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal-derived drugs include some of the most important medicines ever discovered, and have proved pivotal in treating chronic diseases. Not only have they saved millions of lives, but they have in some cases changed perceptions of what is medically possible. However, now the low-hanging fruit have been discovered it has become much harder to make the kind of discoveries that have characterised past eras of fungal drug discovery. This may be about to change with new commercial players entering the market aiming to apply novel genomic tools to streamline the discovery process. This review examines the discovery history of approved fungal-derived drugs, and those currently in clinical trials for chronic diseases. For key molecules, we discuss their possible ecological functions in nature and how this relates to their use in human medicine. We show how the conservation of drug receptors between fungi and humans means that metabolites intended to inhibit competitor fungi often interact with human drug receptors, sometimes with unintended benefits. We also plot the distribution of drugs, antimicrobial compounds and psychoactive mushrooms onto a fungal tree and compare their distribution to those of all fungal metabolites. Finally, we examine the phenomenon of self-resistance and how this can be used to help predict metabolite mechanism of action and aid the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowena Hill
- Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Ester Gaya
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, UK
| | - Edie Burns
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, UK
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张 梦, 程 兴, 徐 欣. [Latest Findings on Polyketides/Non-ribosomal Peptides That Are Secondary Metabolites of Streptococcus mutans]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:685-691. [PMID: 37248606 PMCID: PMC10475436 DOI: 10.12182/20230560302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that occurs in the hard tissue of teeth under the influence of multiple factors, among which bacteria being a key factor. Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) is considered a major pathogen that causes caries. Secondary metabolites, including bacteriocins and polyketides/non-ribosomal peptides, are a class of small-molecule compounds synthesized by S. mutans. To date, polyketides/non-ribosomal peptides identified in S. mutans include mutanobactin, mutanocyclin, and mutanofactin, which are synthesized by the mub, muc, and muf biosynthetic gene clusters, respectively. These polyketides/non-ribosomal peptides play important roles in bacterial inter-species competition, oxidative stress, and biofilm formation. In this review, we provided an overview of the synthesis, function and regulation of three polyketides/non-ribosomal peptides of S. mutans, including mutanobactin, mutanocyclin, and mutanofactin, aiming to provide new insights into the cariogenic mechanism of S. mutans and to promote the better management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- 梦碟 张
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 兴群 程
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 欣 徐
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Amr K, Ibrahim N, Elissawy AM, Singab ANB. Unearthing the fungal endophyte Aspergillus terreus for chemodiversity and medicinal prospects: a comprehensive review. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:6. [PMID: 36966331 PMCID: PMC10040139 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus microorganism represents a promising prospective source for drug discovery since it is rich in diverse kinds of bioactive secondary metabolites. It contributed to many biotechnological applications and its metabolites are used in the synthesis of certain pharmaceuticals and food products, in addition to its useful uses in fermentation processes. There are about 346 compounds identified from marine and terrestrial-derived A. terreus from 1987 until 2022, 172 compounds of them proved a vast array of bioactivity. This review aimed to create an up-to-date comprehensive literature data of A. terreus's secondary metabolites classes supported by its different bioactivity data to be a scientific record for the next work in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Amr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nehal Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street 1, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Pérez-Sánchez A, Mejía A, Miranda-Labra RU, Barrios-González J. Role of AtYap1 in the reactive oxygen species regulation of lovastatin production in Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1439-1451. [PMID: 36683058 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lovastatin has great medical and economic importance, and its production in Aspergillus terreus is positively regulated at transcriptional level, by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during idiophase. To investigate the role of the transcription factor Yap1 in the regulation of lovastatin biosynthesis by ROS, an orthologue of yap1 was identified in A. terreus TUB F-514 and knocked down (silenced) by RNAi. Results confirmed that the selected knockdown strain (Siyap1) showed decreased yap1 expression in both culture systems (submerged and solid-state fermentation). Transformants showed higher sensitivity to oxidative stress. Interestingly, knockdown mutant showed higher ROS levels in idiophase and an important increase in lovastatin production in submerged and solid-state fermentations: 60 and 70% increase, respectively. Furthermore, sporulation also increased by 600%. This suggested that AtYap1 was functioning as a negative regulator of the biosynthetic genes, and that lack of AtYap1 in the mutants would be derepressing these genes and could explain increased production. However, we have shown that lovastatin production is proportional to ROS levels, so ROS increase in the mutants alone could also be the cause of production increase. In this work, when ROS levels were decreased with antioxidant, to the levels shown by the parental strain, the lovastatin production and kinetics were similar to the ones of the parental strain. This means that AtYap1 does not regulate lovastatin biosynthetic genes, and that production increase observed in the knockdown strain was an indirect effect caused by ROS increase. This conclusion is compared with studies on other secondary metabolites produced by other fungal species. KEY POINTS: • ROS regulates lovastatin biosynthesis at transcriptional level, in solid-state, and in submerged fermentations. • ATyap1 knockdown mutants showed important lovastatin production increases (60 and 70%) and higher ROS levels. • When ROS were decreased in the silenced mutant to the parental strain's level, lovastatin kinetics were identical to the parental strain's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailed Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Mejía
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roxana Uri Miranda-Labra
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Barrios-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México.
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Ábrego-García A, Poggi-Varaldo HM, Ponce-Noyola MT, Calva-Calva G, Galíndez-Mayer CJJ, Medina-Mendoza GG, Rinderknecht-Seijas NF. Bioprocessing of Two Crop Residues for Animal Feeding into a High-Yield Lovastatin Feed Supplement. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192697. [PMID: 36230438 PMCID: PMC9559462 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lovastatin is a fungal secondary metabolite that can mitigate rumen methane production. This work aimed at evaluating the lovastatin production by solid-state fermentation from selected crop residues and A. terreus strains, considering the post-fermented residues as feed supplements for ruminants. Fermented oat straw by A. terreus CDBB H-194 exhibited the highest lovastatin yield (23.8 mg/g DM fed). GC–MS analysis identified only a couple of compounds from the residues fermented by CDBB H-194 (1,3-dipalmitin trimethylsilyl ether in the fermented oat straw) and stearic acid hydrazide in the fermented wheat bran) that could negatively affect ruminal bacteria and fungi. Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the lovastatin (Lv) production by solid-state fermentation (SSF) from selected crop residues, considering the post-fermented residues as feed supplements for ruminants. The SSF was performed with two substrates (wheat bran and oat straw) and two A. terreus strains (CDBB H-194 and CDBB H-1976). The Lv yield, proximate analysis, and organic compounds by GC–MS in the post-fermented residues were assessed. The combination of the CDBB H-194 strain with oat straw at 16 d of incubation time showed the highest Lv yield (23.8 mg/g DM fed) and the corresponding degradation efficiency of hemicellulose + cellulose was low to moderate (24.1%). The other three treatments showed final Lv concentrations in decreasing order of 9.1, 6.8, and 5.67 mg/g DM fed for the oat straw + CDBB H-1976, wheat bran + CDBB H-194, and wheat bran + CDBB H-1976, respectively. An analysis of variance of the 22 factorial experiment of Lv showed a strong significant interaction between the strain and substrate factors. The kinetic of Lv production adequately fitted a zero-order model in the four treatments. GC–MS analysis identified only a couple of compounds from the residues fermented by A. terreus CDBB H-194 (1,3-dipalmitin trimethylsilyl ether in the fermented oat straw and stearic acid hydrazide in the fermented wheat bran) that could negatively affect ruminal bacteria and fungi. Solid-state fermentation of oat straw with CDBB H-194 deserves further investigation due to its high yield of Lv; low dietary proportions of this post-fermented oat straw could be used as an Lv-carrier supplement for rumen methane mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Ábrego-García
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
- Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Héctor M. Poggi-Varaldo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
- Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-57473800 (ext. 4324 & 4306)
| | - M. Teresa Ponce-Noyola
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Graciano Calva-Calva
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Cutberto José Juvencio Galíndez-Mayer
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Gustavo G. Medina-Mendoza
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O. Box 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Noemí F. Rinderknecht-Seijas
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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Fadeyibi O, Rybalchenko N, Mabry S, Nguyen DH, Cunningham RL. The Role of Lipid Rafts and Membrane Androgen Receptors in Androgen’s Neurotoxic Effects. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac030. [PMID: 35308305 PMCID: PMC8926069 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been observed in multiple oxidative stress–associated neurodegenerative diseases. Androgens, such as testosterone, can exacerbate oxidative stress through a membrane androgen receptor (mAR), AR45, localized to lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. The goal of this study is to determine if interfering with mAR localization to cholesterol-rich lipid rafts decreases androgen induced neurotoxicity under oxidative stress environments. We hypothesize that cholesterol-rich caveolar lipid rafts are necessary for androgens to induce oxidative stress generation in neurons via the mAR localized within the plasma membrane. Nystatin was used to sequester cholesterol and thus decrease cholesterol-rich caveolar lipid rafts in a neuronal cell line (N27 cells). Nystatin was applied prior to testosterone exposure in oxidatively stressed N27 cells. Cell viability, endocytosis, and protein analysis of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mAR localization were conducted. Our results show that the loss of lipid rafts via cholesterol sequestering blocked androgen-induced oxidative stress in cells by decreasing the localization of mAR to caveolar lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadarasimi Fadeyibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Nataliya Rybalchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Steve Mabry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dianna H Nguyen
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Gubiani JR, Bernardi DI, De Paula CCP, Seleghim MHR, Ferreira AG, Batista ANL, Batista JM, Oliveira LFP, Lira SP, Burdette JE, Berlinck RGS. Absolute configuration of cytotoxic anthraquinones from a Brazilian cave soil-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. SDC28. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100441. [PMID: 35099085 PMCID: PMC8983557 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial strains isolated from extreme and understudied environments, such as caves, are still poorly investigated for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Investigation of the ethyl acetate extract from the growth medium produced by the soil-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SDC28, isolated from a Brazilian cave, yielded two anthraquinones: versicolorin C (1) and versiconol (2). The complete assignment of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic data of 1 and 2 was performed for the first time. Moreover, the yet unreported absolute configuration of both compounds was unambiguously established by analysis of experimental and theoretical electronic circular dichroism data. Vibrational circular dichroism was also applied to confirm the absolute stereochemistry of 2. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity against human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Gubiani
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Caio C P De Paula
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - João M Batista
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Lucianne F P Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Simone P Lira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Ashland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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12
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Fungi: Essential Elements in the Ecosystems. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Ábrego-Gacía A, Poggi-Varaldo HM, Robles-González V, Ponce-Noyola T, Calva-Calva G, Ríos-Leal E, Estrada-Bárcenas D, Mendoza-Vargas A. Lovastatin as a supplement to mitigate rumen methanogenesis: an overview. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:123. [PMID: 34911584 PMCID: PMC8675506 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane from enteric fermentation is the gas with the greatest environmental impact emitted by ruminants. Lovastatin (Lv) addition to feedstocks could be a strategy to mitigate rumen methane emissions via decreasing the population of methanogenic archaea (MA). Thus, this paper provides the first overview of the effects of Lv supplementation, focusing on the inhibition of methane production, rumen microbiota, and ruminal fermentation. Results indicated that Lv treatment had a strong anti-methanogenic effect on pure strains of MA. However, there are uncertainties from in vitro rumen fermentation trials with complex substrates and rumen inoculum. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has emerged as a cost-effective option to produce Lv. In this way, SSF of agricultural residues as an Lv-carrier supplement in sheep and goats demonstrated a consistent decrease in ruminal methane emissions. The experimental evidence for in vitro conditions showed that Lv did not affect the volatile fatty acids (VFA). However, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the production of VFA was decreased. Lv did not negatively affect the digestibility of dry matter during in vitro and in vivo methods, and there is even evidence that it can induce an increase in digestibility. Regarding the rumen microbiota, populations of MA were reduced, and no differences were detected in alpha and beta diversity associated with Lv treatment. However, some changes in the relative abundance of the microbiota were induced. Further studies are recommended on: (i) Lv biodegradation products and stability, as well as its adsorption onto the solid matter in the rumen, to gain more insight on the “available” or effective Lv concentration; and (ii) to determine whether the effect of Lv on ruminal fermentation also depends on the feed composition and different ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Ábrego-Gacía
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico.,Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Poggi-Varaldo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Vania Robles-González
- Instituto de Hidrología, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Oaxaca, 69000, Huajuapan de León, Mexico
| | - Teresa Ponce-Noyola
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciano Calva-Calva
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elvira Ríos-Leal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Estrada-Bárcenas
- National Collection of Microbial and Cellular Cultures, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Mendoza-Vargas
- Unidad de Secuenciación e Identificación de Polimorfismos, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Seydametova E, Zainol N. Morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization of statin-producing Penicillium microfungi isolated from little-explored tropical ecosystems. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100044. [PMID: 34841335 PMCID: PMC8610345 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural statins produced by microfungi are extremely successful drugs. Fungal producers of statins were isolated from soils of unique tropical habitats. Three novel statin-producing Penicillium strains were characterized and identified. Pravastatin was produced by the identified fungal cultures directly.
As hypercholesterolemia is a primary risk factor for coronary artery disease and stroke, there is now an increasing demand for cholesterol-lowering drugs. Statins are a group of extremely successful drugs that lower the cholesterol level in the blood. Natural statins are produced by fermentation using different species of microorganisms. The overall aim of the present study was to identify statin-producing microfungi, which were isolated from different types of little-explored mangrove and oil palm plantation soils. Isolated fungal cultures were characterized on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular features. Morphological variability was detected amongst the fungal isolates in regard to colony morphology, conidiophores structures, and conidia coloration. Based on their physiological properties and enzyme assays, rapid differentiation of statin-producing isolates was achieved. Further molecular characterization allowed reliable identification of the selected Penicillium microfungi up to the species level. The identified Penicillium cintrinum ESF2M, Penicillium brefeldianum ESF21P, and Penicillium janthinellum ESF26P strains have a scientific interest as novel wild-type producers of natural statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Seydametova
- College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia.,Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan
| | - Norazwina Zainol
- College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
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15
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Kang S, Lee E, Lee H, Hwang GS, Lee J, Kim JW, Oh B, Kim JY, Kwon O. Yellow Yeast Rice Prepared Using Aspergillus terreus DSMK01 Lowers Cholesterol Levels by Stimulating Bile Salt Export Pump in Subjects with Mild-to-Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100704. [PMID: 34783447 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Aspergillus terreus is an industrial microorganism used in the brewing and sauce industries. It produces monacolin K, a natural statin. The study conducted an 8-week randomized controlled trial with hypercholesterolemic subjects to examine the hypocholesterolemic effects and mechanisms of supplementation with yellow yeast rice (YYR) prepared by growing Aspergillus fungi on steamed rice. METHODS AND RESULTS YYR supplementation markedly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and apolipoprotein B100 levels in plasma compared with the placebo. In addition, YYR induced a significantly increased ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) gene expression compared with the placebo, indicating the role of YYR in lowering intrahepatic cholesterol availability by stimulating the bile salt export pump. Upregulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) and 3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene expressions provided additional evidence to support the role of YYR in reducing hepatic cholesterol availability. Plasma metabolomic profiling revealed the possibility of diminishing bile acid absorption. Finally, Spearman rank analysis showed correlations of plasma cholesterol profiles with HMGCR and LDLR gene expressions (negative) and plasma bile acids (positive). Plasma bile acids also correlated with ABCB11 (negative) and LDLR (positive) gene expressions. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that daily YYR supplementation exerted hypocholesterolemic effects in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects by reducing intrahepatic cholesterol availability through stimulating bile salt export pumps and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Kang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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16
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The Catalytic Activity of Biosynthesized Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) for Inhibiting the Growth of Pathogenic Microbes, Tanning Effluent Treatment, and Chromium Ion Removal. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) were synthesized using the fungal strain Aspergillus terreus S1 to overcome the disadvantages of chemical and physical methods. The factors affecting the biosynthesis process were optimized as follows: concentration of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O precursor (3 mM), contact time (36 min), pH (8), and incubation temperature (35 °C). The characterization of biosynthesized MgO-NPs was accomplished using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy—energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Data confirmed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with a size range of 8.0–38.0 nm at a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 280 nm. The biological activities of biosynthesized MgO-NPs including antimicrobial activity, biotreatment of tanning effluent, and chromium ion removal were investigated. The highest growth inhibition of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was achieved at 200 μg mL–1 of MgO-NPs. The biosynthesized MgO-NPs exhibited high efficacy to decolorize the tanning effluent (96.8 ± 1.7% after 150 min at 1.0 µg mL–1) and greatly decrease chemical parameters including total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and conductivity with percentages of 98.04, 98.3, 89.1, 97.2, and 97.7%, respectively. Further, the biosynthesized MgO-NPs showed a strong potential to remove chromium ions from the tanning effluent, from 835.3 mg L–1 to 21.0 mg L–1, with a removal percentage of 97.5%.
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17
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An Overview of Metabolic Activity, Beneficial and Pathogenic Aspects of Burkholderia Spp. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050321. [PMID: 34067834 PMCID: PMC8156019 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia is an important bacterial species which has different beneficial effects, such as promoting the plant growth, including rhizosphere competence for the secretion of allelochemicals, production of antibiotics, and siderophores. In addition, most of Burkholderia species have demonstrated promising biocontrol action against different phytopathogens for diverse crops. In particular, Burkholderia demonstrates significant biotechnological potential as a source of novel antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites. The current review is concerned with Burkholderia spp. covering the following aspects: discovering, classification, distribution, plant growth promoting effect, and antimicrobial activity of different species of Burkholderia, shedding light on the most important secondary metabolites, their pathogenic effects, and biochemical characterization of some important species of Burkholderia, such as B. cepacia, B. andropogonis, B. plantarii, B. rhizoxinica, B. glumae, B. caryophylli and B. gladioli.
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18
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Roy A, Ahuja S, Garg S. Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Biological Activity and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Nguyen TPT, Garrahan MA, Nance SA, Seeger CE, Wong C. Assimilation of Cholesterol by Monascus purpureus. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E352. [PMID: 33317087 PMCID: PMC7770578 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus purpureus, a filamentous fungus known for its fermentation of red yeast rice, produces the metabolite monacolin K used in statin drugs to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. In this study, we show that active cultures of M. purpureus CBS 109.07, independent of secondary metabolites, use the mechanism of cholesterol assimilation to lower cholesterol in vitro. We describe collection, extraction, and gas chromatography-flame ionized detection (GC-FID) methods to quantify the levels of cholesterol remaining after incubation of M. purpureus CBS 109.07 with exogenous cholesterol. Our findings demonstrate that active growing M. purpureus CBS 109.07 can assimilate cholesterol, removing 36.38% of cholesterol after 48 h of incubation at 37 °C. The removal of cholesterol by resting or dead M. purpureus CBS 109.07 was not significant, with cholesterol reduction ranging from 2.75-9.27% throughout a 72 h incubation. Cholesterol was also not shown to be catabolized as a carbon source. Resting cultures transferred from buffer to growth media were able to reactivate, and increases in cholesterol assimilation and growth were observed. In growing and resting phases at 24 and 72 h, the production of the mycotoxin citrinin was quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and found to be below the limit of detection. The results indicate that M. purpureus CBS 109.07 can reduce cholesterol content in vitro and may have a potential application in probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P. T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; (M.A.G.); (S.A.N.); (C.E.S.); (C.W.)
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20
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A multi-enzyme strategy for the production of a highly valuable lactonized statin side-chain precursor. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Monticolo F, Palomba E, De Santis R, Assentato L, Triscino V, Langella MC, Lanzotti V, Chiusano ML. anti-HCoV: A web resource to collect natural compounds against human coronaviruses. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020; 106:1-11. [PMID: 32982062 PMCID: PMC7505852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus, the SARS-CoV2, was revealed to be the cause of COVID19, the pandemic disease that already provoked more than 555.324 deaths in the world (July 10, 2020). No vaccine treatment has been defined against SARS-CoV2 or other human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including those causing epidemic infections, neither appropriate strategies for prevention and care are yet officially suggested. SCOPE AND APPROACH We reviewed scientific literature on natural compounds that were defined as potentially effective against human coronaviruses. Our desk research identified non-chemically modified natural compounds that were shown (in vitro) and/or predicted (in silico) to act against one or more phases of human coronaviruses cell cycle.We selected all available information, merged and annotated the data to define a comprehensive list of natural compounds, describing their chemical classification, the source, the action, the specific target in the viral infection. Our aim was to collect possible compounds for prevention and care against human coronaviruses. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The definition of appropriate interventions against viral diseases need a comprehensive view on the infection dynamics and on necessary treatments. Viral targeting compounds to be exploited in food sciences could be of relevant interest to this aim.We collected 174 natural compounds showing effects against human infecting coronaviruses, providing a curated annotation on actions and targets.The data are available in anti-HCoV, a web accessible resource to be exploited for testing and in vivo trials. The website is here launched to favour a community based cooperative effort to call for contribution and expand the collection. To be ready to fight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Monticolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Emanuela Palomba
- Department of Research Infrastructures for marine biological resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale 80121 - Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa De Santis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Assentato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Viviana Triscino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Langella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Reggia di Portici - Via Università, 100 - 80055, Portici (NA), Italy.,Department of Research Infrastructures for marine biological resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale 80121 - Napoli, Italy
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22
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High-Yielding Lovastatin Producer Aspergillus terreus Shows Increased Resistance to Inhibitors of Polyamine Biosynthesis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi is a multistep process that depends on a wide range of various factors, one of which is the intracellular content of polyamines. We have previously shown that in Aspergillus terreus lovastatin high-yielding strain (HY) exogenous introduction of polyamines during fermentation can lead to an increase in the production of lovastatin by 20–45%. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been elucidated. In this regard, we carried out an inhibitory analysis at the key stage of polyamine biosynthesis, the conversion of L-ornithine to putrescine by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). A. terreus HY strain showed upregulation of genes for biosynthesis of polyamines, 3–10-fold, and increased resistance compared to the original wild-type strain upon inhibition of ODC on synthetic medium with 5 mM α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), by 20–25%, and 5 mM 1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane (APA), by 40–45%. The data obtained indicate changes in the metabolism of polyamines in A. terreus HY strain. The observed phenomenon may have a universal character among fungal producers of secondary metabolites improved by classical methods, since previously the increased resistance to ODC inhibitors was also shown for Acremonium chrysogenum, a high-yielding producer of cephalosporin C.
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23
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The Role of Structure and Biophysical Properties in the Pleiotropic Effects of Statins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228745. [PMID: 33228116 PMCID: PMC7699354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are a class of drugs used to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and are amongst the most prescribed medications worldwide. Most statins work as a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), but statin intolerance from pleiotropic effects have been proposed to arise from non-specific binding due to poor enzyme-ligand sensitivity. Yet, research into the physicochemical properties of statins, and their interactions with off-target sites, has not progressed much over the past few decades. Here, we present a concise perspective on the role of statins in lowering serum cholesterol levels, and how their reported interactions with phospholipid membranes offer a crucial insight into the mechanism of some of the more commonly observed pleiotropic effects of statin administration. Lipophilicity, which governs hepatoselectivity, is directly related to the molecular structure of statins, which dictates interaction with and transport through membranes. The structure of statins is therefore a clinically important consideration in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. This review integrates the recent biophysical studies of statins with the literature on the physiological effects and provides new insights into the mechanistic cause of statin pleiotropy, and prospective means of understanding the cholesterol-independent effects of statins.
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24
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Barrios-González J, Pérez-Sánchez A, Bibián ME. New knowledge about the biosynthesis of lovastatin and its production by fermentation of Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8979-8998. [PMID: 32930839 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin, and its semisynthetic derivative simvastatine, has great medical and economic importance, besides great potential for other uses. In the last years, a deeper and more complex view of secondary metabolism regulation has emerged, with the incorporation of cluster-specific and global transcription factors, and their relation to signaling cascades, as well as the new level of epigenetic regulation. Recently, a new mechanism, which regulates lovastatin biosynthesis, at transcriptional level, has been discovered: reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation; also new unexpected environmental stimuli have been identified, which induce the synthesis of lovastatin, like quorum sensing-type molecules and support stimuli. The present review describes this new panorama and uses this information, together with the knowledge on lovastatin biosynthesis and genomics, as the foundation to analyze literature on optimization of fermentation parameters and medium composition, and also to fully understand new strategies for strain genetic improvement. This new knowledge has been applied to the development of more effective culture media, with the addition of molecules like butyrolactone I, oxylipins, and spermidine, or with addition of ROS-generating molecules to increase internal ROS levels in the cell. It has also been applied to the development of new strategies to generate overproducing strains of Aspergillus terreus, including engineering of the cluster-specific transcription factor (lovE), global transcription factors like the ones implicated in ROS regulation (or even mitochondrial alternative respiration aox gen), or the global regulator LaeA. Moreover, there is potential to apply some of these findings to the development of novel unconventional production systems. KEY POINTS: • New findings in regulation of lovastatin biosynthesis, like ROS regulation. • Induction by unexpected stimuli: autoinducer molecules and support stimuli. • Recent reports on culture medium and process optimization from this stand point. • Applications to molecular genetic strain improvement methods and production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barrios-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ailed Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Esmeralda Bibián
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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El-Bondkly AAM, El-Gendy MMAA, El-Bondkly AMA. Construction of Efficient Recombinant Strain Through Genome Shuffling in Marine Endophytic Fusarium sp. ALAA-20 for Improvement Lovastatin Production Using Agro-Industrial Wastes. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Subhan M, Faryal R, Macreadie I. Utilization of an Industry Byproduct, Corymbia maculata Leaves, by Aspergillus terreus to Produce Lovastatin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030101. [PMID: 32872566 PMCID: PMC7552682 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ability to lower cholesterol levels, simvastatin is a leading drug for the prevention of strokes and heart disease: it also lowers the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Simvastatin is made from lovastatin, a precursor produced by the industrial fungus, Aspergillus terreus. In this study, Corymbia maculata leaves were tested as a novel substrate for the growth of a new isolate of A. terreus and a lovastatin-resistant strain of A. terreus to produce lovastatin. Corymbia maculata (spotted gum) is well utilized by forest industries as a source of timber because of its high strength, durability and smooth texture. However, the leaves are a major waste product. Growth of A. terreus on Corymbia maculata leaves, in solid-state fermentation resulted in the production of lovastatin. Fermentation of media using fresh leaves of Corymbia maculata produced more lovastatin (4.9 mg g−1), than the sun-dried leaves (3.2 mg g−1). Levels of lovastatin were further increased by the lovastatin-resistant strain of A. terreus (Lvs-r), which produced twice the amount of the parental strain. The production of lovastatin was confirmed by HPLC and LC–MS/MS studies. The study suggests that the utilization of a cheap substrate for the production of lovastatin can have a potential economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Subhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.S.); (R.F.)
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Ian Macreadie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-6627
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Rodrigues KA, Rocha RT, Mulinari FF, Guedes AV, Teixeira MDM, Motta DDO, Fernandes L, Magalhães BS, Felipe MSS, Pappas GJ, Parachin NS. Exploring the Brazilian diversity of Aspergillus sp. strains for lovastatin and itaconic acid production. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 138:103367. [PMID: 32198121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are well known for producing secondary metabolites applied in various industrial segments. Among these, lovastatin and itaconic acid, produced by Aspergillus terreus, have applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Lovastatin is primarily used for the control of hypercholesterolemia, while itaconic acid is a building block for the production of synthetic fibers, coating adhesives, among others. In this study, for the first time, 35 strains of Aspergillus sp. from four Brazilian culture collections were evaluated for lovastatin and itaconic acid production and compared to a reference strain, ATCC 20542. From an initial screening, the strains ATCC 20542, URM 224, URM1876, URM 5061, URM 5254, URM 5256, URM 5650, and URM 5961 were selected for genomic comparison. Among tested strains, the locus corresponding to the lovastatin genomic cluster was assembled, showing that all genes essential for lovastatin biosynthesis were present in producing URM 5961 and URM 5650 strains, with 100% and 98.5% similarity to ATCC 20542, respectively. However, in the no producing URM 1876, URM 224, URM 5254, URM 5061, and URM 5256 strains, this cluster was either fragmented or missing. Among the 35 strains evaluated for itaconic acid production in this study, only three strains had titers above 0.5 g/L, 16 strains had production below 0.5 g/L, and the remaining 18 strains had no production, with the highest production of itaconic acid observed in the URM 5254 strain with 2.2 g/L. The essential genes for itaconic acid production, mttA, cadA msfA were also mapped, where all three genes linked to itaconic acid production were found in a single contig in the assembly of each strain. In contrast to lovastatin loci, there is no correlation between the level of itaconic acid production and genetic polymorphisms in the genes associated with its biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Assis Rodrigues
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-900, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Theodoro Rocha
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-900, Brazil; Computational Genomics Group, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70790-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Furtado Mulinari
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Adevilton Viana Guedes
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Medicina, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Dielle de Oliveira Motta
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simas Magalhães
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli Soares Felipe
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Georgios Joannis Pappas
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-900, Brazil; Computational Genomics Group, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70790-900, Brazil
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-900, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-900, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70790-160, Brazil.
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Ngwoke KG, El-Kashef DH, Daletos G, Ancheeva E, Liu Z, Okoye FBC, Esimone CO, Proksch P. R-Hexitronic acid, a new tetronic acid derivative isolated from a soil fungus FG9RK. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3578-3583. [PMID: 31971016 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1715400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new tetronic acid derivative (1) together with terrestric acid (2), a known metabolite of Penicillium species, was isolated from the soil fungus, FG9RK following fermentation on solid rice medium. The structure of 1 was elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS measurements. The absolute configuration of the oxygenated carbon in the side chain of 1 was identified as S by converting the compound into its Mosher ester whereas the absolute configuration of the lactone ring was deduced based on biogenetic considerations and comparison with 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Ngwoke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Dina H El-Kashef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Festus B C Okoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Charles O Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Filamentous fungi for the production of enzymes, chemicals and materials. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 59:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Polyphasic, Including MALDI-TOF MS, Evaluation of Freeze-Drying Long-Term Preservation on Aspergillus (Section Nigri) Strains. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090291. [PMID: 31450658 PMCID: PMC6780240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of freeze-drying and long-term storage on the biotechnological potential of Aspergillus section Nigri strains. Twelve selected strains were freeze-dried and aged by accelerated storage, at 37 °C in the dark, for 2 and 4 weeks. To assess possible changes as a consequence of the ageing in the freeze-drying ampoules, morphological characteristics, mycotoxins and enzymes production, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALTI-TOF MS) spectra, and M13 phage probe fingerprinting were used as part of a polyphasic approach. Phenotypical changes were observed; nevertheless, they did not substantially affect the potential biotechnological use of these strains. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes (protease, carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, pectinase and mannanase) was maintained or increased after freeze-drying. MALDI-TOF MS data originated spectra that grouped, for the majority of samples, according to strain independently of preservation time point. M13 profiles revealed the presence of some genetic polymorphisms after preservation. However, the three studied times still clustered for more than 50% of strains. Our results show that the studied strains maintain their biotechnological potential after preservation, with minimal phenotypic alterations. These findings provide evidence that freeze-drying preservation is a suitable option to preserve biotechnologically relevant aspergilli strains from section Nigri, and one should consider that the observed effects might be species/strain-dependent.
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Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Paste Electrode Bulk-Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application in a Sensitive Assay of Antihyperlipidemic Simvastatin in Biological Samples. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122215. [PMID: 31200496 PMCID: PMC6630724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of an antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (SIM) was carried out using a carbon paste electrode bulk-modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-CPE). Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for the characterization of the prepared electrodes. Different electrodes were prepared varying in mass percentage of MWCNTs to find out the optimum amount of MWCNTs in the paste. The MWCNT-CPE in which the mass percentage of MWCNTs was 25% (w/w) was found as the optimum. Then, the prepared electrode was used in a mechanistic study and sensitive assay of SIM in pharmaceutical dosage form and a spiked human plasma sample using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The prepared electrode shows better sensitivity compared to the bare carbon paste and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The detection limit and the limit of quantification were calculated to be 2.4 × 10-7 and 8 × 10-7, respectively. The reproducibility of the electrode was confirmed by the low value of the relative standard deviation (RSD% = 4.8%) when eight measurements of the same sample were carried out. Determination of SIM in pharmaceutical dosage form was successfully performed with a bias of 0.3% and relative recovery rate of 99.7%. Furthermore, the human plasma as a more complicated matrix was spiked with a known concentration of SIM and the spiking recovery rate was determined with the developed method to be 99.5%.
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LUO XW, LIN Y, LU YJ, ZHOU XF, LIU YH. Peptides and polyketides isolated from the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus SCSIO 41008. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:149-154. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Role of Fungi in Biorefinery: A Perspective. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kong R, Zhu X, Meteleva ES, Chistyachenko YS, Suntsova LP, Polyakov NE, Khvostov MV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Yu J, Dushkin AV, Su W. Enhanced solubility and bioavailability of simvastatin by mechanochemically obtained complexes. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Production of lovastatin and itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus: a comparative perspective. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:34. [PMID: 28102516 PMCID: PMC5247550 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus is a textbook example of an industrially relevant filamentous fungus. It is used for the biotechnological production of two valuable metabolites, namely itaconic acid and lovastatin. Itaconic acid serves as a precursor in polymer industry, whereas lovastatin found its place in the pharmaceutical market as a cholesterol-lowering statin drug and a precursor for semisynthetic statins. Interestingly, their biosynthetic gene clusters were shown to reside in the common genetic neighborhood. Despite the genomic proximity of the underlying biosynthetic genes, the production of lovastatin and itaconic acid was shown to be favored by different factors, especially with respect to pH values of the broth. While there are several reviews on various aspects of lovastatin and itaconic acid production, the survey on growth conditions, biochemistry and morphology related to the formation of these two metabolites has never been presented in the comparative manner. The aim of the current review is to outline the correlations and contrasts with respect to process-related and biochemical discoveries regarding itaconic acid and lovastatin production by A. terreus.
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Subhan M, Faryal R, Macreadie I. Production of statins by fungal fermentation. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ma17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are used industrially to obtain a variety of products, from low value bulk chemicals to high value drugs like, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, alkaloids and statins. Lovastatin and compactin are natural statins produced as secondary metabolites by predominantly Aspergillus and Penicillium species, following a polyketide pathway. Lovastatin was one of the first cholesterol-lowering drugs. Many statins are now chemically synthesised but lovastatin is still required to produce simvastatin. Apart from reducing blood cholesterol levels simvastatin causes pleotropic effects and has potential to treat various kinds of disorders including neurodegenerative disease and cancer.
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