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Liu R, Liu H, Wang Y, Chen J, Qiu Z, Zheng Y, Sun B, Tan X, Shu C, Liu S, Zheng P. Study on the Effect of Sooty Mould Disease in Tea Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2321. [PMID: 39204757 PMCID: PMC11359017 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sooty mould (SM) disease affects the growth, development and metabolism of plants and reduces the commodity and economic value of crops. SM disease is one of the important leaf diseases in tea plants. Nonetheless, studies on the effect of SM disease in tea plants are rare. Herein, we found that SM disease disrupted the cell morphology and structure and reduced the contents of caffeine, theanine, and catechins in the mature leaves of tea plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SM disease inhibited the biosynthesis of lignin, chlorophyll, catechin, caffeine, and theanine and affected the plant-pathogen interactions in the mature leaves of tea plants by downregulating gene expression. In addition, two fungal isolates, MTzyqA and MTzyqB, were obtained from the mature leaves of diseased tea plants. These strains were identified as Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides by mulitgene phylogenetic analysis, and they grew epiphytically on the leaves of tea plants. The biocontrol bacteria JT68, ZGT5, and BX1 had obvious inhibitory effect on MTzyqA and MTzyqB. These results provide a basis for understanding the effect of SM disease in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjian Liu
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Zihao Qiu
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Yanchun Zheng
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Binmei Sun
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Xindong Tan
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Canwei Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoqun Liu
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Tea, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Z.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.T.)
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Nicoletti R, Russo E, Becchimanzi A. Cladosporium-Insect Relationships. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38276024 PMCID: PMC10820778 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The range of interactions between Cladosporium, a ubiquitous fungal genus, and insects, a class including about 60% of the animal species, is extremely diverse. The broad case history of antagonism and mutualism connecting Cladosporium and insects is reviewed in this paper based on the examination of the available literature. Certain strains establish direct interactions with pests or beneficial insects or indirectly influence them through their endophytic development in plants. Entomopathogenicity is often connected to the production of toxic secondary metabolites, although there is a case where these compounds have been reported to favor pollinator attraction, suggesting an important role in angiosperm reproduction. Other relationships include mycophagy, which, on the other hand, may reflect an ecological advantage for these extremely adaptable fungi using insects as carriers for spreading in the environment. Several Cladosporium species colonize insect structures, such as galleries of ambrosia beetles, leaf rolls of attelabid weevils and galls formed by cecidomyid midges, playing a still uncertain symbiotic role. Finally, the occurrence of Cladosporium in the gut of several insect species has intriguing implications for pest management, also considering that some strains have proven to be able to degrade insecticides. These interactions especially deserve further investigation to understand the impact of these fungi on pest control measures and strategies to preserve beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Elia Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.R.); (A.B.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Hajek AE, Everest TA, Clifton EH. Accumulation of Fungal Pathogens Infecting the Invasive Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. INSECTS 2023; 14:912. [PMID: 38132586 PMCID: PMC10871119 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the eastern United States, populations of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, are abundant and spreading. Four species of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi have previously been reported as infecting these planthoppers, with two of these causing epizootics. Nymphal- and adult-stage lanternflies in Pennsylvania and New York were surveyed for entomopathogenic fungal infections from October 2021 to November 2023, and assays were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of species that were potentially pathogenic. Beauveria bassiana was the most abundant pathogen, but we report an additional 15 previously unreported species of entomopathogenic fungi infecting spotted lanternflies, all in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota). The next most common pathogens were Fusarium fujikuroi and Sarocladium strictum. While infection prevalence by species was often low, probably impacted to some extent by the summer drought in 2022, together these pathogens caused a total of 6.7% mortality. A significant trend was evident over time within a season, with low levels of infection among nymphs and higher infection levels in mid- and late-stage adults, the stages when mating and oviposition occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Thomas A. Everest
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eric H. Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
- Research & Development, BioWorks Inc., Victor, NY 14564, USA
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Watson M, May G, Bushley KE. Sources of Fungal Symbionts in the Microbiome of a Mobile Insect Host, Spodoptera frugiperda. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02140-3. [PMID: 36478022 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sources of fungal symbionts of insects are not well understood, yet the acquisition and assembly of fungal communities in mobile insect hosts have important implications for the ecology of migratory insects and their plant hosts. To determine potential sources of fungi associated with the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), we characterized the fungal communities associated with four different ecological compartments (insects, infested leaves, uninfested leaves, and soil) and estimated the contributions of each of these potential sources to the insect's fungal microbiome. Results show that insect fungal community composition was distinct from and more varied than the composition of fungal communities in the environment of those insects (plants and soil). Among the sources evaluated, on average we found a surprisingly large apparent contribution from other congeneric S. frugiperda insect larvae (ca. 25%) compared to the contribution from soil or plant sources (< 5%). However, a large proportion of the insect microbiome could not be attributed to the sampled sources and was instead attributed to unknown sources (ca. 50%). Surprisingly, we found little evidence for exchange of fungal taxa, with the exception of a Fusarium oxysporum and a Cladosporium sp. OTU, between larvae and the infested leaves on which they fed. Together, our results suggest that mobile insects such as S. frugiperda obtain their fungal symbionts from a variety of sources, not limited to plants and soil, but including conspecific insects and other unsampled environmental sources, and that transmission among insects may play an important role in acquisition of fungal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Watson
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Georgiana May
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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