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Huang RS, Mihalache A, Nafees A, Hasan A, Ye XY, Liu Z, Leighl NB, Raman S. The impact of multidisciplinary cancer conferences on overall survival: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:356-369. [PMID: 38123515 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary cancer conferences consist of regular meetings between diverse specialists working together to share clinical decision making in cancer care. The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of multidisciplinary cancer conference intervention on the overall survival of patients with cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for studies published up to July 2023. Studies reporting on the impact of multidisciplinary cancer conferences on patient overall survival were included. A standard random-effects model with the inverse variance-weighted approach was used to estimate the pooled hazard ratio of mortality (multidisciplinary cancer conference vs non-multidisciplinary cancer conference) across studies, and the heterogeneity was assessed by I2. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and the Egger test. RESULTS A total of 134 287 patients with cancer from 59 studies were included in our analysis, with 48 467 managed by multidisciplinary cancer conferences and 85 820 in the control arm. Across all cancer types, patients managed by multidisciplinary cancer conferences had an increased overall survival compared with control patients (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 0.71, I2 = 84%). Median survival time was 30.2 months in the multidisciplinary cancer conference group and 19.0 months in the control group. In subgroup analysis, a positive effect of the multidisciplinary cancer conference intervention on overall survival was found in breast, colorectal, esophageal, hematologic, hepatocellular, lung, pancreatic, and head and neck cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our meta-analysis found a significant positive effect of multidisciplinary cancer conferences compared with controls. Further studies are needed to establish nuanced guidelines when optimizing multidisciplinary cancer conference integration for treating diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Huang
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Mihalache
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Asad Hasan
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiang Y Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Srinivas Raman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mulligan K, Corry E, Donohoe F, Glennon K, Vermeulen C, Reid-Schachter G, Thompson C, Walsh T, Shields C, McCormack O, Conneely J, Khan MF, Boyd WD, McVey R, O'Brien D, Treacy A, Mulsow J, Brennan DJ. Multidisciplinary Surgical Approach to Increase Survival for Advanced Ovarian Cancer in a Tertiary Gynaecological Oncology Centre. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:460-472. [PMID: 37875740 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to report on changes in overall survival, progression-free survival, and complete cytoreduction rates in the 5-year period after the implementation of a multidisciplinary surgical team (MDT). METHODS Two cohorts were used. Cohort A was a retrospectively collated cohort from 2006 to 2015. Cohort B was a prospectively collated cohort of patients from January 2017 to September 2021. RESULTS This study included 146 patients in cohort A (2006-2015) and 174 patients in cohort B (2017-2021) with FIGO stage III/IV ovarian cancer. Median follow-up in cohort A was 60 months and 48 months in cohort B. The rate of primary cytoreductive surgery increased from 38% (55/146) in cohort A to 46.5% (81/174) in cohort B. Complete macroscopic resection increased from 58.9% (86/146) in cohort A to 78.7% (137/174) in cohort B (p < 0.001). At 3 years, 75% (109/144) patients had disease progression in cohort A compared with 48.8% (85/174) in cohort B (log-rank, p < 0.001). Also at 3 years, 64.5% (93/144) of patients had died in cohort A compared with 24% (42/174) of cohort B (log-rank, p < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that MDT input, residual disease, and age were independent predictors of overall (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.203-0.437, p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.21-0.43, p < 0.001). Major morbidity remained stable throughout both study periods (2006-2021). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the implementation of multidisciplinary-team, intraoperative approach allowed for a change in surgical philosophy and has resulted in a significant improvement in overall survival, progression-free survival, and complete resection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mulligan
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Edward Corry
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Fionán Donohoe
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Kate Glennon
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Carolien Vermeulen
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Gillian Reid-Schachter
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Claire Thompson
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Tom Walsh
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Conor Shields
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- National Centre for Peritoneal Malignancy, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Orla McCormack
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- National Centre for Peritoneal Malignancy, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - John Conneely
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- National Centre for Peritoneal Malignancy, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Faraz Khan
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- National Centre for Peritoneal Malignancy, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - William D Boyd
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Ruaidhrí McVey
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
- Department of Gynaecology, St Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Brien
- Department of Gynaecology, St Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ann Treacy
- Department of Pathology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Jurgen Mulsow
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
- National Centre for Peritoneal Malignancy, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Donal J Brennan
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
- National Centre for Peritoneal Malignancy, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland.
- Department of Gynaecology, St Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Sedighim S, Khan A, Li AY, Tajik F, Radhakrishnan VK, Eng O, Turaga K, Senthil M. Adoption of cytoreductive surgery in the management of peritoneal malignancies-Global trends. J Surg Oncol 2023; 128:1021-1031. [PMID: 37818906 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) has now been accepted as an integral component in the management of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancers with peritoneal metastases. Since the adoption of CRS is influenced by access to advanced medical facilities, trained multidisciplinary teams, and funding, there is wide variability in incorporation of CRS into routine clinical practice between high- versus low- and middle-income countries. This review highlights the global trends in the adoption of CRS for peritoneal malignancies with a specific focus on the establishment of CRS programs and barriers to incorporate CRS into routine clinical care in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina Sedighim
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Aaqil Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Amy Y Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Oliver Eng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
| | - Kiran Turaga
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
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Martínez-Gómez H, Peña-Arriaga MD, Sánchez-Chimalpopoca F, Servín-Hernández CA. [Experience of cytoreduction with peritonectomy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:420-426. [PMID: 37535978 PMCID: PMC10484554 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Currently, epithelial ovarian cancer is diagnosed in advanced stages (EC IIIC) in 75-80% of cases worldwide. In this group of patients treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is started, followed by interval cytoreduction of residual disease and even require peritonectomy with application of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Objective To identify the overall survival and progression-free survival associated with peritonectomy, in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to ovarian cancer treated in the oncology gynecology service from January 2009 to January 2019 at the UMAE Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Material and methods Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, information was obtained from the clinical file of patients treated with peritonectomy with the use of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the gynecological oncology service from January 2009 to January 2019 at the UMAE Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Results Information was obtained from a total of 36 patients (n=100%), 36.1% received intraperitoneal chemotherapy and 63.8% underwent cytoreduction without the application of intraoperative chemotherapy. The most frequently used drug was cisplatin followed by mitomycin. There was no statistical significance when comparing both groups, however there was a trend in favor of the use of intraoperative chemotherapy by obtaining a greater number of months in terms of overall survival. Conclusion Peritonectomy with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is an option in selected patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer in primary and recurrent surgery, as well as in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Oncología, Servicio de Tumores Ginecológicos. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Magaly Denise Peña-Arriaga
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Oncología, Servicio de Tumores Ginecológicos. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Chimalpopoca
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Oncología, Servicio de Tumores Ginecológicos. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Carlos Alberto Servín-Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Oncología, Servicio de Tumores Ginecológicos. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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Fitzsimmons T, Thomas M, Tonkin D, Murphy E, Hollington P, Solomon M, Sammour T, Luck A. Establishing a state-wide pelvic exenteration multidisciplinary team meeting in South Australia. ANZ J Surg 2022; 93:1227-1231. [PMID: 36567641 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic exenteration surgery is complex, necessitating co-ordinated multidisciplinary input and improved referral pathways. A state-wide pelvic exenteration multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting was established in SA and the outcomes of this were audited and compared with historical data. METHODS All patients referred for discussion between August 2021 and July 2022 to the SA State-wide Pelvic Exenteration MDT were included in this study. MDT discussion centred around disease resectability, risk versus benefit of surgery, and need for local or interstate referral. Prospective data collection included patient demographics and MDT recommendations of surgery, palliation, or referral. Patients referred for surgery locally or interstate were compared with a retrospective patient cohort treated previously between January and December 2020. RESULTS Over 12 months, 91 patients were discussed (including nine multiple times), by a mean of 18 meeting participants each month. Forty-eight patients (58.5%) had primary malignancy, 25 (30.5%) recurrent malignancy, and 9 (11.0%) had non-malignant disease. Colorectal cancer was the most common presentation (56.1%), followed by gynaecological (30.5%) and urological (6.1%) malignancy. Pelvic exenteration surgery was recommended to be performed locally in 53.7% of patients and the remainder for non-surgical treatment, palliation, or re-discussion. During this time, 44 patients underwent surgery locally (versus 34 in 2020) and only 4 referred interstate (versus 8 in 2020). CONCLUSION The establishment of a dedicated state-wide pelvic exenteration MDT has resulted in better coordination of care for patients with locally advanced pelvic malignancy in SA, and significantly reduced the need for interstate referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Fitzsimmons
- Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Thomas
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Darren Tonkin
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Colorectal Unit, Division of Surgery, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Hollington
- Flinders Medical Centre, Division of Surgery and Perioperative Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Solomon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tarik Sammour
- Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Luck
- Colorectal Unit, Division of Surgery, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Wu XB, Hou SL, Zhang QH, Jia N, Hou M, Shui W. Circulating Tumor DNA Characteristics Based on Next Generation Sequencing and Its Correlation With Clinical Parameters in Patients With Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901547. [PMID: 35865478 PMCID: PMC9294364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLymphoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of morphological subtypes, molecular alterations, and management. However, data on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutated genes are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of the ctDNA mutated genes, the prognosis, and the association between the ctDNA mutated genes and the clinical parameters in lymphoma.MethodsDifferences in the ctDNA between the mutated genes and the prognosis of 59 patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) (10.2%), germinal center B-cell–like lymphoma (GCB) (28.8%), nongerminal center B-cell–like lymphoma (non-GCB) (50.8%), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (10.2%) were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 121 lymphoma-relevant genes.ResultsGenetic alterations were identified in the ctDNA samples with a median of 6 variants per sample. The genetic variation of the ctDNA in the plasma was found to be significantly correlated with the clinical indices in lymphoma. The genetic heterogeneity of different lymphoma subtypes was clearly observed in the ctDNAs from HL, GCB, non-GCB, and MZL, confirming that distinct molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of different lymphomas.ConclusionOur findings suggest that NGS-based ctDNA mutation analysis reveals genetic heterogeneity across lymphoma subtypes, with potential implications for discovering therapeutic targets, exploring genomic evolution, and developing risk-adaptive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Wu
- Department of Lymphoma, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bo Wu,
| | - Shu-Ling Hou
- Department of Lymphoma, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy Abdominal Pelvic Ward Two, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Hou
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wen Shui
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Souadka A, Essangri H, El Bahaoui N, Ghannam A, El Ahmadi B, Benkabbou A, Majbar MA, El Khannoussi B, Abahssain H, Mohsine R, Belkhadir ZH. CRS and HIPEC: Best model of antifragility in surgical oncology. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:396-397. [PMID: 35460520 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amine Souadka
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hajar Essangri
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nezha El Bahaoui
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Ghannam
- Intensive Care Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Brahim El Ahmadi
- Intensive Care Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Benkabbou
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Anass Majbar
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Basma El Khannoussi
- Anatomopathology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Halima Abahssain
- Medical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Raouf Mohsine
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Houssain Belkhadir
- Intensive Care Department, National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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