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Shen G, Xiao H, Huang S, Yuan X, Rongrong Z, Ma Y, Qin X. Knockdown of repulsive guidance molecule a promotes polarization of microglia into an anti-inflammatory phenotype after oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation in vitro. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105546. [PMID: 37169181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to influence neuroinflammatory-related diseases in addition to regulating neuronal differentiation and survival during brain development. However, any function or mechanism of RGMa in the polarization of microglia after ischemic stroke remains unclear. In the current study, RGMa was found to be expressed at reduced levels in microglia after oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. RGMa overexpression induced HAPI microglia to predominantly polarize to the M1 phenotype, promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines and knockdown induced the M2 phenotype, promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. RGMa overexpression also regulated the polarization of HAPI microglia by inhibiting the transportation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) from the nucleus to cytoplasm. The opposite effect resulted from RGMa-knockdown and was reversed by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. In addition, RGMa-knockdown HAPI microglial conditioned medium improved the survival of oligodendrocytes after OGD/R in vitro. Thus, inhibition of RGMa may constitute a therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanru Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhang Rongrong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Lee D, Tomita Y, Negishi K, Kurihara T. Pemafibrate, a potent selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, a promising novel treatment for ischemic retinopathy? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1495-1496. [PMID: 36571350 PMCID: PMC10075098 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deokho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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3
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Vasilopoulou C, McDaid-McCloskey SL, McCluskey G, Duguez S, Morris AP, Duddy W. Genome-Wide Gene-Set Analysis Identifies Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4021. [PMID: 36835433 PMCID: PMC9966913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal late-onset motor neuron disease characterized by the loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. Our understanding of the molecular basis of ALS pathology remains elusive, complicating the development of efficient treatment. Gene-set analyses of genome-wide data have offered insight into the biological processes and pathways of complex diseases and can suggest new hypotheses regarding causal mechanisms. Our aim in this study was to identify and explore biological pathways and other gene sets having genomic association to ALS. Two cohorts of genomic data from the dbGaP repository were combined: (a) the largest available ALS individual-level genotype dataset (N = 12,319), and (b) a similarly sized control cohort (N = 13,210). Following comprehensive quality control pipelines, imputation and meta-analysis, we assembled a large European descent ALS-control cohort of 9244 ALS cases and 12,795 healthy controls represented by genetic variants of 19,242 genes. Multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) gene-set analysis was applied to an extensive collection of 31,454 gene sets from the molecular signatures database (MSigDB). Statistically significant associations were observed for gene sets related to immune response, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, neuron differentiation, muscle cell function, synaptic plasticity and development. We also report novel interactions between gene sets, suggestive of mechanistic overlaps. A manual meta-categorization and enrichment mapping approach is used to explore the overlap of gene membership between significant gene sets, revealing a number of shared mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vasilopoulou
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK
| | | | - Gavin McCluskey
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - William Duddy
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK
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Lee D, Nakai A, Miwa Y, Negishi K, Tomita Y, Kurihara T. Pemafibrate prevents choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14611. [PMID: 36643635 PMCID: PMC9838199 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). CNV has been suppressed by using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies. However, some clinical cases have demonstrated the failure of anti-VEGF therapies. Furthermore, anti-VEGF agents might induce the development of ocular atrophy. Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation using pemafibrate treatment was suggested as one of the promising therapeutic targets in the prevention of ocular ischemia. However, the preventive role of pemafibrate remains unclear in CNV. We aimed to examine the preventive role of pemafibrate on laser-induced pathological CNV. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice were orally supplied pemafibrate (0.5 mg/kg) for four days, followed by laser irradiation. Then, pemafibrate was consecutively given to mice with the same condition. CNV was visualized with isolectin-IB4. The eye (retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium [RPE]-choroid), liver, and serum were used for biomolecular analyses. Results We found that pemafibrate administration suppressed CNV volumes. Pemafibrate administration activated PPARα downstream genes in the liver and eye (especially, RPE-choroid). Furthermore, pemafibrate administration elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels and reduced serum levels of triglycerides. Conclusions Our data suggest a promising pemafibrate therapy for suppressing CNV in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Aichi Animal Eye Clinics, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu C, Jin Y, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Yin S, Li C. Effects of bilirubin on the development and electrical activity of neural circuits. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1136250. [PMID: 37025700 PMCID: PMC10070809 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1136250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades, bilirubin has attracted great attention for central nervous system (CNS) toxicity in some pathological conditions with severely elevated bilirubin levels. CNS function relies on the structural and functional integrity of neural circuits, which are large and complex electrochemical networks. Neural circuits develop from the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, followed by dendritic and axonal arborization, myelination, and synapse formation. The circuits are immature, but robustly developing, during the neonatal period. It is at the same time that physiological or pathological jaundice occurs. The present review comprehensively discusses the effects of bilirubin on the development and electrical activity of neural circuits to provide a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms of bilirubin-induced acute neurotoxicity and chronic neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Lee D, Nakai A, Miwa Y, Tomita Y, Kunimi H, Chen J, Ikeda SI, Tsubota K, Negishi K, Kurihara T. Retinal degeneration induced in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and its management by pemafibrate treatment. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22497. [PMID: 35969144 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200455rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of visual impairment. To date, no effective treatment is available for retinal I/R injury. In addition, the precise pathological mechanisms still need to be established. Recently, pemafibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) modulator, was shown to be a promising drug for retinal ischemia. However, the role of pemafibrate in preventing retinal I/R injury has not been documented. Here, we investigated how retinal degeneration occurs in a mouse model of retinal I/R injury by elevation of intraocular pressure and examined whether pemafibrate could be beneficial against retinal degeneration. Adult mice were orally administered pemafibrate (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 days, followed by retinal I/R injury. The mice were continuously administered pemafibrate once every day until the end of the experiments. Retinal functional changes were measured using electroretinography. Retina, liver, and serum samples were used for western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Retinal degeneration induced by retinal inflammation was prevented by pemafibrate administration. Pemafibrate administration increased the hepatic PPARα target gene expression and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21, a neuroprotective molecule in the eye. The expression of hypoxia-response and pro-and anti-apoptotic/inflammatory genes increased in the retina following retinal I/R injury; however, these changes were modulated by pemafibrate administration. In conclusion, pemafibrate is a promising preventive drug for ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Aichi Animal Eye Clinic, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Kunimi
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junhan Chen
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuno Negishi
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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PPARα Signaling: A Candidate Target in Psychiatric Disorder Management. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050723. [PMID: 35625650 PMCID: PMC9138493 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs) regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, control inflammatory processes, and modulate several brain functions. Three PPAR isoforms have been identified, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which are expressed in different tissues and cell types. Hereinafter, we focus on PPARα involvement in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, which is underscored by PPARα localization in neuronal circuits involved in emotion modulation and stress response, and its role in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation. A multiplicity of downstream pathways modulated by PPARα activation, including glutamatergic neurotransmission, upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurosteroidogenic effects, encompass mechanisms underlying behavioral regulation. Modulation of dopamine neuronal firing in the ventral tegmental area likely contributes to PPARα effects in depression, anhedonia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on robust preclinical evidence and the initial results of clinical studies, future clinical trials should assess the efficacy of PPARα agonists in the treatment of mood and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, and ASD.
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Fu Z, Usui-Ouchi A, Allen W, Tomita Y. Retinal Disease and Metabolism. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020183. [PMID: 35207471 PMCID: PMC8879522 DOI: 10.3390/life12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), are some of the leading causes of blindness all over the world [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (W.A.)
| | - Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - William Allen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (W.A.)
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Z.F.); (W.A.)
- Correspondence:
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