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Barros KO, Batista TM, Soares RCC, Lopes MR, Alvarenga FBM, Souza GFL, Abegg MA, Santos ARO, Góes-Neto A, Hilário HO, Moreira RG, Franco GR, Lachance MA, Rosa CA. Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov., a xylose-fermenting yeast isolated from galleries of passalid beetles and rotting wood in the Amazonian rainforest biome. Yeast 2024. [PMID: 38850070 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Four yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood and galleries of passalid beetles collected in different sites of the Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. This yeast produces unconjugated allantoid asci each with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-5.8 S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Spathaspora. The novel species is phylogenetically related to a subclade containing Spathaspora arborariae and Spathaspora suhii. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1884 single-copy orthologs for a set of Spathaspora species whose whole genome sequences are available confirmed that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y285 is phylogenetically close to Sp. arborariae. The name Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Sp. marinasilvae is CBS 13467 T (MycoBank 852799). The novel species was able to accumulate xylitol and produce ethanol from d-xylose, a trait of biotechnological interest common to several species of the genus Spathaspora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina O Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, C.P. 108, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C C Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Lopes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia B M Alvarenga
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele F L Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maxwel A Abegg
- Institute of Exact Sciences and Technology (ICET), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Itacoatiara, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel O Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heron O Hilário
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação, PPG Biologia dos Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rennan G Moreira
- Laboratorio Multiusuário de Genômica, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glória R Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Peng B, Weintraub SJ, Lu Z, Evans S, Shen Q, McDonnell L, Plan M, Collier T, Cheah LC, Ji L, Howard CB, Anderson W, Trau M, Dumsday G, Bredeweg EL, Young EM, Speight R, Vickers CE. Integration of Yeast Episomal/Integrative Plasmid Causes Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity and Improved Sesquiterpene Production in Metabolically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:141-156. [PMID: 38084917 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The variability in phenotypic outcomes among biological replicates in engineered microbial factories presents a captivating mystery. Establishing the association between phenotypic variability and genetic drivers is important to solve this intricate puzzle. We applied a previously developed auxin-inducible depletion of hexokinase 2 as a metabolic engineering strategy for improved nerolidol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and biological replicates exhibit a dichotomy in nerolidol production of either 3.5 or 2.5 g L-1 nerolidol. Harnessing Oxford Nanopore's long-read genomic sequencing, we reveal a potential genetic cause─the chromosome integration of a 2μ sequence-based yeast episomal plasmid, encoding the expression cassettes for nerolidol synthetic enzymes. This finding was reinforced through chromosome integration revalidation, engineering nerolidol and valencene production strains, and generating a diverse pool of yeast clones, each uniquely fingerprinted by gene copy numbers, plasmid integrations, other genomic rearrangements, protein expression levels, growth rate, and target product productivities. Τhe best clone in two strains produced 3.5 g L-1 nerolidol and ∼0.96 g L-1 valencene. Comparable genotypic and phenotypic variations were also generated through the integration of a yeast integrative plasmid lacking 2μ sequences. Our work shows that multiple factors, including plasmid integration status, subchromosomal location, gene copy number, sesquiterpene synthase expression level, and genome rearrangement, together play a complicated determinant role on the productivities of sesquiterpene product. Integration of yeast episomal/integrative plasmids may be used as a versatile method for increasing the diversity and optimizing the efficiency of yeast cell factories, thereby uncovering metabolic control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyin Peng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah J Weintraub
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States of America
| | - Zeyu Lu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Qianyi Shen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Liam McDonnell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Manuel Plan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Collier
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Li Chen Cheah
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lei Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, PR China
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Will Anderson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | | | - Erin L Bredeweg
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric M Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Robert Speight
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Advanced Engineering Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Trivellin C, Rugbjerg P, Olsson L. Performance and robustness analysis reveals phenotypic trade-offs in yeast. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302215. [PMID: 37903627 PMCID: PMC10618107 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To design strains that can function efficiently in complex industrial settings, it is crucial to consider their robustness, that is, the stability of their performance when faced with perturbations. In the present study, we cultivated 24 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains under conditions that simulated perturbations encountered during lignocellulosic bioethanol production, and assessed the performance and robustness of multiple phenotypes simultaneously. The observed negative correlations confirmed a trade-off between performance and robustness of ethanol yield, biomass yield, and cell dry weight. Conversely, the specific growth rate performance positively correlated with the robustness, presumably because of evolutionary selection for robust, fast-growing cells. The Ethanol Red strain exhibited both high performance and robustness, making it a good candidate for bioproduction in the tested perturbation space. Our results experimentally map the robustness-performance trade-offs, previously demonstrated mainly by single-phenotype and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Trivellin
- https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Department of Life Sciences, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Rugbjerg
- https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Department of Life Sciences, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Enduro Genetics ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Department of Life Sciences, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yi X, Rasor BJ, Boadi N, Louie K, Northen TR, Karim AS, Jewett MC, Alper HS. Establishing a versatile toolkit of flux enhanced strains and cell extracts for pathway prototyping. Metab Eng 2023; 80:241-253. [PMID: 37890611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Building and optimizing biosynthetic pathways in engineered cells holds promise to address societal needs in energy, materials, and medicine, but it is often time-consuming. Cell-free synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful tool to accelerate design-build-test-learn cycles for pathway engineering with increased tolerance to toxic compounds. However, most cell-free pathway prototyping to date has been performed in extracts from wildtype cells which often do not have sufficient flux towards the pathways of interest, which can be enhanced by engineering. Here, to address this gap, we create a set of engineered Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains rewired via CRISPR-dCas9 to achieve high-flux toward key metabolic precursors; namely, acetyl-CoA, shikimate, triose-phosphate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate, and glucose-6-phosphate. Cell-free extracts generated from these strains are used for targeted enzyme screening in vitro. As model systems, we assess in vivo and in vitro production of triacetic acid lactone from acetyl-CoA and muconic acid from the shikimate pathway. The need for these platforms is exemplified by the fact that muconic acid cannot be detected in wildtype extracts provided with the same biosynthetic enzymes. We also perform metabolomic comparison to understand biochemical differences between the cellular and cell-free muconic acid synthesis systems (E. coli and S. cerevisiae cells and cell extracts with and without metabolic rewiring). While any given pathway has different interfaces with metabolism, we anticipate that this set of pre-optimized, flux enhanced cell extracts will enable prototyping efforts for new biosynthetic pathways and the discovery of biochemical functions of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Yi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Blake J Rasor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathalie Boadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Katherine Louie
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ashty S Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Hal S Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Wang N, Peng H, Yang C, Guo W, Wang M, Li G, Liu D. Metabolic Engineering of Model Microorganisms for the Production of Xanthophyll. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1252. [PMID: 37317226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthophyll is an oxidated version of carotenoid. It presents significant value to the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its specific antioxidant activity and variety of colors. Chemical processing and conventional extraction from natural organisms are still the main sources of xanthophyll. However, the current industrial production model can no longer meet the demand for human health care, reducing petrochemical energy consumption and green sustainable development. With the swift development of genetic metabolic engineering, xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms shows great application potential. At present, compared to carotenes such as lycopene and β-carotene, xanthophyll has a relatively low production in engineering microorganisms due to its stronger inherent antioxidation, relatively high polarity, and longer metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively summarized the progress in xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms, described strategies to improve xanthophyll production in detail, and proposed the current challenges and future efforts needed to build commercialized xanthophyll-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huakang Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Caifeng Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenfang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gangqiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dehu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Lamas-Maceiras M, Vizoso-Vázquez Á, Barreiro-Alonso A, Cámara-Quílez M, Cerdán ME. Thanksgiving to Yeast, the HMGB Proteins History from Yeast to Cancer. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040993. [PMID: 37110415 PMCID: PMC10142021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts have been a part of human life since ancient times in the fermentation of many natural products used for food. In addition, in the 20th century, they became powerful tools to elucidate the functions of eukaryotic cells as soon as the techniques of molecular biology developed. Our molecular understandings of metabolism, cellular transport, DNA repair, gene expression and regulation, and the cell division cycle have all been obtained through biochemistry and genetic analysis using different yeasts. In this review, we summarize the role that yeasts have had in biological discoveries, the use of yeasts as biological tools, as well as past and on-going research projects on HMGB proteins along the way from yeast to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lamas-Maceiras
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Vizoso-Vázquez
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Aida Barreiro-Alonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Cámara-Quílez
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Esperanza Cerdán
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Microorganisms for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031437. [PMID: 36771109 PMCID: PMC9921939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are major bioactive compounds present in the Panax species. Ginsenosides exhibit various pharmaceutical properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorder activities. Although several commercial products have been presented on the market, most of the current chemical processes have an unfriendly environment and a high cost of downstream processing. Compared to plant extraction, microbial production exhibits high efficiency, high selectivity, and saves time for the manufacturing of industrial products. To reach the full potential of the pharmaceutical resource of ginsenoside, a suitable microorganism has been developed as a novel approach. In this review, cell biological mechanisms in anticancer activities and the present state of research on the production of ginsenosides are summarized. Microbial hosts, including native endophytes and engineered microbes, have been used as novel and promising approaches. Furthermore, the present challenges and perspectives of using microbial hosts to produce ginsenosides have been discussed.
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Tadioto V, Deoti JR, Müller C, de Souza BR, Fogolari O, Purificação M, Giehl A, Deoti L, Lucaroni AC, Matsushika A, Treichel H, Stambuk BU, Alves Junior SL. Prospecting and engineering yeasts for ethanol production under inhibitory conditions: an experimental design analysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022:10.1007/s00449-022-02812-x. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Increasing Ethanol Tolerance and Ethanol Production in an Industrial Fuel Ethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The stress imposed by ethanol to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are one of the most challenging limiting factors in industrial fuel ethanol production. Consequently, the toxicity and tolerance to high ethanol concentrations has been the subject of extensive research, allowing the identification of several genes important for increasing the tolerance to this stress factor. However, most studies were performed with well-characterized laboratory strains, and how the results obtained with these strains work in industrial strains remains unknown. In the present work, we have tested three different strategies known to increase ethanol tolerance by laboratory strains in an industrial fuel–ethanol producing strain: the overexpression of the TRP1 or MSN2 genes, or the overexpression of a truncated version of the MSN2 gene. Our results show that the industrial CAT-1 strain tolerates up to 14% ethanol, and indeed the three strategies increased its tolerance to ethanol. When these strains were subjected to fermentations with high sugar content and cell recycle, simulating the industrial conditions used in Brazilian distilleries, only the strain with overexpression of the truncated MSN2 gene showed improved fermentation performance, allowing the production of 16% ethanol from 33% of total reducing sugars present in sugarcane molasses. Our results highlight the importance of testing genetic modifications in industrial yeast strains under industrial conditions in order to improve the production of industrial fuel ethanol by S. cerevisiae.
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