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Jiang W, Wang X, Wang Y, Du Y, Zhang S, Zhou H, Feng N, Zheng D, Ma G, Zhao L. S-ABA Enhances Rice Salt Tolerance by Regulating Na +/K + Balance and Hormone Homeostasis. Metabolites 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38668309 PMCID: PMC11051804 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the regulating role and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of trans-abscisic acid (hereinafter referred as S-ABA) in the process of rice growth and development under salt stress, we took Chaoyou 1000 and Yuxiangyouzhan as materials and set up three salt concentration treatments, CK0 (Control treatment), N1 (50 mmol L-1 NaCl), and N2 (100 mmol L-1 NaCl), in potted trials; we aimed to study the mechanism of rice's response to salt stress from the perspective of agricultural traits and physiological biochemicals and to improve rice's resistance to salt stress through exogenously applying the regulating technology of S-ABA. The following results were obtained: Under salt stress, the growth of rice was significantly suppressed compared to CK0, exhibiting notable increases in agricultural indicators, photosynthesis efficiency, and the NA+ content of leaves. However, we noted a significant decrease in the K+ content in the leaves, alongside a prominent increase in NA+/K+ and a big increase in MDA (malondialdehyde), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), and O2- (superoxide anion). This caused the cytomembrane permeability to deteriorate. By applying S-ABA under salt stress (in comparison with salt treatment), we promoted improvements in agronomic traits, enhanced photosynthesis, reduced the accumulation of NA+ in leaves, increased the K+ content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the active oxygen content, resulting in a sharp decrease in the impact of salt stress on rice's development. The application of S-ABA decreased the endogenous ABA (abscisic acid) content under salt stress treatment but increased the endogenous GA (gibberellin) and IAA (indole acetic acid) contents and maintained the hormonal homeostasis in rice plants. To summarize, salt stress causes damage to rice growth, and the exogenous application of S-ABA can activate the pouring system mechanism of rice, suppress the outbreak of active oxygen, and regulate NA+/K+ balance and hormone homeostasis in the blades, thus relieving the salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Jiang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Youwei Du
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guohui Ma
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (W.J.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.D.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (D.Z.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Yu T, Xin Y, Liu P. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) improves the filling process of maize grains at different ear positions by promoting starch accumulation and regulating hormone levels under high planting density. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38291371 PMCID: PMC10830122 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher planting densities typically cause a decline in grain weight, limiting the potential for high maize yield. Additionally, variations in grain filling occur at different positions within the maize ear. Abscisic acid (ABA) is important for grain filling and regulates grain weight. However, the effects of exogenous ABA on the filling process of maize grains at different ear positions under high planting density are poorly understood. In this study, two summer maize hybrids (DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958)) commonly grown in China were used to examine the effects of ABA application during the flowering stage on grain filling properties, starch accumulation, starch biosynthesis associated enzyme activities, and hormone levels of maize grain (including inferior grain (IG) and superior grain (SG)) under high planting density. RESULTS Our results showed that exogenous ABA significantly increased maize yield, primarily owing to a higher grain weight resulting from an accelerated grain filling rate relative to the control. There was no significant difference in yield between DH605 and ZD958 in the control and ABA treatments. Moreover, applying ABA promoted starch accumulation by raising the activities of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthases, soluble starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme in grains. It also increased the levels of zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, and ABA and decreased the level of gibberellin in grains, resulting in more efficient grain filling. Notably, IG exhibited a less efficient filling process compared to SG, probably due to lower starch biosynthesis associated enzyme activities and an imbalance in hormone contents. Nevertheless, IG displayed greater sensitivity to exogenous ABA than SG, suggesting that appropriate cultural measures to improve IG filling may be a viable strategy to further increase maize yield. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, spraying exogenous ABA could effectively improve grain filling properties, accelerate starch accumulation by increasing relevant enzyme activities, and regulate hormone levels in grains, resulting in higher grain weight and yield of maize under high planting density. Our findings offer more evidence for using exogenous hormones to improve maize yield under high planting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Xin
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China.
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Khan TA, Kappachery S, Karumannil S, AlHosani M, Almansoori N, Almansoori H, Yusuf M, Tran LSP, Gururani MA. Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathways: Insights into Plant Responses under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17246. [PMID: 38139074 PMCID: PMC10743706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing global population, abiotic factors have emerged as a formidable threat to agricultural food production. If left unaddressed, these stress factors might reduce food yields by up to 25% by 2050. Plants utilize natural mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species scavenging, to mitigate the adverse impacts of abiotic stressors. Diverse plants exhibit unique adaptations to abiotic stresses, which are regulated by phytohormones at various levels. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in controlling essential physiological processes in plants, including seed germination, xylem differentiation, and reproduction. The BR cascade serves as the mechanism through which plants respond to environmental stimuli, including drought and extreme temperatures. Despite two decades of research, the complex signaling of BRs under different stress conditions is still being elucidated. Manipulating BR signaling, biosynthesis, or perception holds promise for enhancing crop resilience. This review explores the role of BRs in signaling cascades and summarizes their substantial contribution to plants' ability to withstand abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sajeesh Kappachery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sameera Karumannil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mohamed AlHosani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Nemah Almansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hamda Almansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (T.A.K.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (H.A.); (M.Y.)
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Chen C, Cheng D, Li L, Sun X, He S, Li M, Chen J. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptome Analysis of Exogenous Brassinosteroid-Treated Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17252. [PMID: 38139080 PMCID: PMC10744020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in improving plant stress tolerance. To investigate the mechanism of BR regulation of salt tolerance in kiwifruit, we used 'Hongyang' kiwifruit as the test material. We exposed the plants to 150 mmol/L NaCl stress and irrigated them with exogenous BR (2,4-epibrassinolide). The phenotypic analysis showed that salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit, leading to a significant increase in the H2O2 content of leaves and roots and a significant increase in Na+/K+, resulting in oxidative damage and an ion imbalance. BR treatment resulted in enhanced photosynthesis, reduced H2O2 content, and reduced Na+/K+ in leaves, alleviating the salt stress injury. Furthermore, transcriptome enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BR treatment are involved in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and plant hormone signal transduction, among others. Among the DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, those with the highest expression were involved in abscisic acid signal transduction. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression of the AcHKT1 gene, which regulates ion transduction, and the antioxidant enzyme AcFSD2 gene, which is a key gene for improving salt tolerance. The data suggest that BRs can improve salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Dawei Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Lan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Shasha He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453514, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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