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Xu Y, Chen Z, Fu Z, Hu Y, Luo Y, Li W, Guan J. Enhanced Thermal Stability of Carbonyl Iron Nanocrystalline Microwave Absorbents by Pinning Grain Boundaries with SiBaFe Alloy Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:869. [PMID: 38786825 PMCID: PMC11124353 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline carbonyl iron (CI) particles are promising microwave absorbents at elevated temperature, whereas their excessive grain boundary energy leads to the growth of nanograins and a deterioration in permeability. In this work, we report a strategy to enhance the thermal stability of the grains and microwave absorption of CI particles by doping a SiBaFe alloy. Grain growth was effectively inhibited by the pinning effect of SiBaFe alloy nanoparticles at the grain boundaries. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the grain size of CI particles increased from ~10 nm to 85.1 nm, while that of CI/SiBaFe particles was only 32.0 nm; with the temperature rising to 700 °C, the grain size of CI particles sharply increased to 158.1 nm, while that of CI/SiBaFe particles was only 40.8 nm. Excellent stability in saturation magnetization and microwave absorption was also achieved in CI/SiBaFe particles. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the flaky CI/SiBaFe particles exhibited reflection loss below -10 dB over 7.01~10.11 GHz and a minimum of -14.92 dB when the thickness of their paraffin-based composite was 1.5 mm. We provided a low-cost and efficient kinetic strategy to stabilize the grain size in nanoscale and microwave absorption for nanocrystalline magnetic absorbents working at elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziwen Fu
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Peña-Alvarez M, Binns J, Marqués M, Kuzovnikov MA, Dalladay-Simpson P, Pickard CJ, Ackland GJ, Gregoryanz E, Howie RT. Chemically Assisted Precompression of Hydrogen Molecules in Alkaline-Earth Tetrahydrides. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8447-8454. [PMID: 36053162 PMCID: PMC9488899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Through a series of high pressure diamond anvil experiments, we report the synthesis of alkaline earth (Ca, Sr, Ba) tetrahydrides, and investigate their properties through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. The tetrahydrides incorporate both atomic and quasi-molecular hydrogen, and we find that the frequency of the intramolecular stretching mode of the H2δ- units downshifts from Ca to Sr and to Ba upon compression. The experimental results indicate that the larger the host cation, the longer the H2δ- bond. Analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) demonstrates that the lengthening of the H-H bond is caused by the charge transfer from the metal to H2δ- and by the steric effect of the metal host on the H-H bond. This effect is most prominent for BaH4, where the precompression of H2δ- units at 50 GPa results in bond lengths comparable to that of pure H2 above 275 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Jack Binns
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P. R. China
| | - Miriam Marqués
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Mikhail A. Kuzovnikov
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P. R. China
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Graeme J. Ackland
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory
of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid
State Physics, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Ross T. Howie
- Centre
for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P. R. China
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Freccero R, De Negri S, Rogl G, Binder G, Michor H, Rogl PF, Saccone A, Solokha P. La 2Pd 3Ge 5 and Nd 2Pd 3Ge 5 Compounds: Chemical Bonding and Physical Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3345-3354. [PMID: 33570929 PMCID: PMC8023660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The two La2Pd3Ge5 and Nd2Pd3Ge5 compounds, crystallizing in the oI40-U2Co3Ge5 crystal structure,
were targeted for analysis of their chemical bonding and physical
properties. The compounds of interest were obtained by arc melting
and characterized by differential thermal analysis, scanning electron
microscopy, and X-ray diffraction both on powder and on a single crystal
(for the La analogue), to ensure the high quality of the samples and
accurate crystallographic data. Chemical bonding was studied by analyzing
the electronic structure and effective QTAIM charges of La2Pd3Ge5. A significant charge transfer mainly
occurs from La to Pd so that Ge species assume tiny negative charges.
This result, together with the -(I)COHP analysis, suggests that, in
addition to the expected homopolar Ge bonds within zigzag chains,
heteropolar interactions between Ge and the surrounding La and Pd
occur with multicenter character. Covalent La–Pd interactions
increase the complexity of chemical bonding, which could not be adequately
described by the simplified, formally obeyed, Zintl–Klemm scheme.
Electric resistivity, specific heat, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility
as a function of temperature indicate for both compounds a metallic-like
behavior. For Nd2Pd3Ge5, two low-temperature
phase transitions are detected, leading to an antiferromagnetic ground
state. The chemical bonding and physical properties
of the two
isotypic R2Pd3Ge5 (R = La and Nd) intermetallics are presented. La2Pd3Ge5 shows polar Ge−Pd/La multicenter interactions
in addition to covalent Ge−Ge bonds. The bonding scenario is
further complicated by the fact that Pd and La are also covalently
interacting. For Nd2Pd3Ge5, an antiferromagnetic
ground state is established after a long-range magnetic ordering (at
∼7.5 K) followed by a spin-reorientation transition (at ∼6.2
K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Freccero
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Serena De Negri
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Gerda Rogl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Binder
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße, 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Herwig Michor
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße, 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter F Rogl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adriana Saccone
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Pavlo Solokha
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract
The new samarium germanide SmGe3 is obtained by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of pre-reacted mixtures of samarium and germanium at a pressure of 9.5 GPa and temperatures between 1073 and 1273 K. SmGe3 decomposes at 470(5) K into SmGe2, α-Sm3Ge5 and a hitherto unknown phase. SmGe3 exhibits a superstructure of the cubic Cu3Au-type. Transmission electron microscopy measurements of crystalline particles and prepared lamellae indicate a high density of defects on the nanoscale. Selected area electron diffraction and elaborate X-ray powder diffraction measurements consistently indicate a 2a
0 × 2a
0 × 2a
0 superstructure adopting space group
F
m
3
¯
m
$Fm\overline{3}m$
with a = 8.6719(2) Å.
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Schwarz U, Castillo R, Hübner JM, Wosylus A, Prots Y, Bobnar M, Grin Y. The untypical high-pressure Zintl phase SrGe6. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The binary strontium germanide SrGe6 was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature conditions of approximately 10 GPa and typically 1400 K before quenching to ambient conditions. At ambient pressure, SrGe6 decomposes in a monotropic fashion at T = 680(10) K into SrGe2 and Ge, indicating its metastable character. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data indicate that the compound SrGe6 adopts a new monoclinic structure type comprising a unique three-dimensional framework of germanium atoms with unusual cages hosting the strontium cations. Quantum chemical analysis of the chemical bonding shows that the framework consists of three- and four- bonded germanium atoms yielding the precise electron count Sr[(4bGe0]4[(3b)Ge−]2 in accordance with the 8 − N rule and the Zintl concept. Conflicting with that, a pseudo-gap in the electronic density of states appears clearly below the Fermi level, and elaborate bonding analysis reveals additional Sr–Ge interactions in the concave coordination polyhedron of the strontium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Rodrigo Castillo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Julia M. Hübner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Aron Wosylus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe , Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden , Germany
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Special Issue: Advances in Zintl Phases. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162554. [PMID: 31405196 PMCID: PMC6720820 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zintl phases have garnered a great deal of attention for many applications. The term “Zintl phase” recognizes the contributions of the German chemist Eduard Zintl to the field of solid-state chemistry. While Zintl phases were initially defined as a subgroup of intermetallic phases where cations and anions or polyanions in complex intermetallic structures are valence satisfied, the foundational idea of electron counting to understand complex solid-state structures has provided insight into bonding and a bridge between solid-state and molecular chemists. This Special Issue, “Advances in Zintl Phases”, provides a collage of research in the area, from solution to solid-state chemistry.
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