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Jażdżewska M, Majkowska-Marzec B, Zieliński A, Ostrowski R, Frączek A, Karwowska G, Olive JM. Mechanical Properties and Wear Susceptibility Determined by Nanoindentation Technique of Ti13Nb13Zr Titanium Alloy after "Direct Laser Writing". Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4834. [PMID: 37445148 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser treatment has often been applied to rebuild the surface layer of titanium and its alloys destined for long-term implants. Such treatment has always been associated with forming melted and re-solidified thin surface layers. The process parameters of such laser treatment can be different, including the patterning of a surface by so-called direct writing. In this research, pulse laser treatment was performed on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy surface, with the distance between adjacent laser paths ranging between 20 and 50 µm. The obtained periodic structures were tested to examine the effects of the scan distance on the microstructure using SEM, the roughness and chemical and phase composition using EDS and XRD, and the mechanical properties using the nanoindentation technique. After direct laser writing, the thickness of the melted layers was between 547 and 123 µm, and the surface roughness varied between 1.74 and 0.69 µm. An increase in hardness was observed after laser treatment. The highest hardness, 5.44 GPa, was obtained for the sample modified with a laser beam spacing of 50 µm. The value of the distance has been shown to be important for several properties and related to a complex microstructure of the thin surface layer close to and far from the laser path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jażdżewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Majkowska-Marzec
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman Ostrowski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Frączek
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Karwowska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jean-Marc Olive
- CNRS, Institute of Mechanics and Engineering, University of Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
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Pawłowski Ł, Rościszewska M, Majkowska-Marzec B, Jażdżewska M, Bartmański M, Zieliński A, Tybuszewska N, Samsel P. Influence of Surface Modification of Titanium and Its Alloys for Medical Implants on Their Corrosion Behavior. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7556. [PMID: 36363148 PMCID: PMC9655659 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are often used for long-term implants after their surface treatment. Such surface modification is usually performed to improve biological properties but seldom to increase corrosion resistance. This paper presents research results performed on such metallic materials modified by a variety of techniques: direct voltage anodic oxidation in the presence of fluorides, micro-arc oxidation (MAO), pulse laser treatment, deposition of chitosan, biodegradable Eudragit 100 and poly(4-vinylpyridine (P4VP), carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles of TiO2, and chitosan with Pt (nano Pt) and polymeric dispersant. The open circuit potential, corrosion current density, and potential values were determined by potentiodynamic technique, and microstructures of the surface layers and coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that despite the applied modifications, the corrosion current density still appears in the region of very low values of some nA/cm2. However, almost all surface modifications, designed principally for the improvement of biological properties, negatively influence corrosion resistance. The reasons for observed effects can vary, such as imperfections and permeability of some coatings or accelerated degradation of biodegradable deposits in simulated body fluids during electrochemical testing. Despite that, all coatings can be accepted for biological applications, and such corrosion testing results are presumed not to be of major importance for their applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pawłowski
- Department of Construction Materials, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Rościszewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Majkowska-Marzec
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jażdżewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bartmański
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Tybuszewska
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pamela Samsel
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Łosiewicz B, Skwarek S, Stróż A, Osak P, Dudek K, Kubisztal J, Maszybrocka J. Production and Characterization of the Third-Generation Oxide Nanotubes on Ti-13Zr-13Nb Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15062321. [PMID: 35329771 PMCID: PMC8948800 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the group of vanadium-free titanium alloys used for applications for long-term implants, the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy has recently been proposed. The production of a porous layer of oxide nanotubes (ONTs) with a wide range of geometries and lengths on the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy surface can increase its osteoinductive properties and enable intelligent drug delivery. This work concerns developing a method of electrochemical modification of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy surface to obtain third-generation ONTs. The effect of the anodizing voltage on the microstructure and thickness of the obtained oxide layers was conducted in 1 M C2H6O2 + 4 wt% NH4F electrolyte in the voltage range 5–35 V for 120 min at room temperature. The obtained third-generation ONTs were characterized using SEM, EDS, SKP, and 2D roughness profiles methods. The preliminary assessment of corrosion resistance carried out in accelerated corrosion tests in the artificial atmosphere showed the high quality of the newly developed ONTs and the slight influence of neutral salt spray on their micromechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Łosiewicz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-3497-527
| | - Sandra Skwarek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Stróż
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Patrycja Osak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Refractory Materials Division, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Toszecka 99, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Julian Kubisztal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (S.S.); (A.S.); (P.O.); (J.K.); (J.M.)
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Iftikhar S, Jahanzeb N, Saleem M, Ur Rehman S, Matinlinna JP, Khan AS. The trends of dental biomaterials research and future directions: A mapping review. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:229-238. [PMID: 34194185 PMCID: PMC8236547 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This literature research aimed to compare, contrast and quantify the innovations in the most commonly used dental biomaterials. Methodology Original research articles based on experimental dental biomaterials published between 2007 and 2019 were retrieved and reviewed. A search of electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science indexed dental/biomaterials journals, has been conducted. The inclusion criteria in this research were: synthesis of experimental dental materials, whereas commercial dental materials, review articles, and clinical trials (case reports) were excluded. Results It was found that the amount of publications related to dental subgingival implants, computer-aided modeling ceramics, aesthetic restorative materials, adhesives cements, ceramics, bioceramics, endodontic materials, bioactive scaffolds, stem cells, and guided-tissue membranes had increased significantly from 2007. At the same time, the number of publications related to dental cements, silver amalgam, and dental alloys has decreased. For characterization of dental materials it was noted that mechanical properties were tested mostly for restorative materials. On the other hand, biological properties were most assessed for dental subgingival implants and endodontic materials, however, physical properties predominantly for bioceramics. Conclusion It is concluded that to meet clinical demands there was more focus on restorative materials that provided better aesthetics, including resin composites, adhesive resin composites (luting cements), zirconia, and other ceramics. The boost in laboratory and animal research related to bioceramics was attributed to their regenerative potential. This current literature study will help growing researchers to consider and judge the direction to which research might be guided in order to plan prospective research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Iftikhar
- Department of Medical Education, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Jahanzeb
- Department of Dental Materials, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Saleem
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Majkowska-Marzec B, Tęczar P, Bartmański M, Bartosewicz B, Jankiewicz BJ. Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Laser Surface-Treated Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy with MWCNTs Coatings. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13183991. [PMID: 32916961 PMCID: PMC7557772 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys is the main group of materials used in prosthetics and implantology. Despite their popularity and many advantages associated with their biocompatibility, these materials have a few significant disadvantages. These include low biologic activity—which reduces the growth of fibrous tissue and allows loosening of the prosthesis—the possibility of metallosis and related inflammation or other allergic reactions, as well as abrasion of the material during operation. Searching for the best combinations of material properties for implants in today′s world is not only associated with research on new alloys, but primarily with the modification of their surface layers. The proposed laser modification of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with a carbon nanotube coating is aimed at eliminating most of the problems mentioned above. The carbon coating was carried out by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) onto ground and etched substrates. This form of carbon was used due to the confirmed biocompatibility with the human body and the ability to create titanium carbides after laser treatment. The EPD-deposited carbon nanotube coating was subjected to laser treatment. Due to high power densities applied to the material during laser treatment, non-equilibrium structures were observed while improving mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. An electrophoretically deposited coating of carbon nanotubes further improved the effects of laser processing through greater strengthening, hardness or Young′s modulus similar to that required, as well as led to an increase in corrosion resistance. The advantage of the presented laser modification of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with a carbon coating is the lack of surface cracks, which are difficult to eliminate with traditional laser treatment of Ti alloys. All samples tested showed contact angles between 46° and 82° and thus, based on the literature reports, they have hydrophilic surfaces suitable for cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Majkowska-Marzec
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/22, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.T.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patryk Tęczar
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/22, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Michał Bartmański
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bonding, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/22, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Bartosz Bartosewicz
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (B.J.J.)
| | - Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (B.J.J.)
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Dziaduszewska M, Shimabukuro M, Seramak T, Zielinski A, Hanawa T. Effects of Micro-Arc Oxidation Process Parameters on Characteristics of Calcium-Phosphate Containing Oxide Layers on the Selective Laser Melted Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy. Coatings 2020; 10:745. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titania-based films on selective laser melted Ti13Zr13Nb have been formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) at different process parameters (voltage, current, processing time) in order to evaluate the impact of MAO process parameters in calcium and phosphate (Ca + P) containing electrolyte on surface characteristic, early-stage bioactivity, nanomechanical properties, and adhesion between the oxide coatings and substrate. The surface topography, surface roughness, pore diameter, elemental composition, crystal structure, surface wettability, and the early stage-bioactivity in Hank’s solution were evaluated for all coatings. Hardness, maximum indent depth, Young’s modulus, and Ecoating/Esubstrate, H/E, H3/E2 ratios were determined in the case of nanomechanical evaluation while the MAO coating adhesion properties were estimated by the scratch test. The study indicated that the most important parameter of MAO process influencing the coating characteristic is voltage. Due to the good ratio of structural and nanomechanical properties of the coatings, the optimal conditions of MAO process were found at 300 V during 15 min, at 32 mA or 50 mA of current, which resulted in the predictable structure, high Ca/P ratio, high hydrophilicity, the highest demonstrated early-stage bioactivity, better nanomechanical properties, the elastic modulus and hardness well close to the values characteristic for bones, as compared to specimens treated at a lower voltage (200 V) and uncoated substrate, as well as a higher critical load of adhesion and total delamination.
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Minguella-Canela J, Calero JA, Korkusuz F, Korkusuz P, Kankılıç B, Bilgiç E, De los Santos-López MA. Biological Responses of Ceramic Bone Spacers Produced by Green Processing of Additively Manufactured Thin Meshes. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2497. [PMID: 32486136 PMCID: PMC7321431 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone spacers are exclusively used for replacing the tissue after trauma and/or diseases. Ceramic materials bring positive opportunities to enhance greater osteointegration and performance of implants, yet processing of porous geometries can be challenging. Additive Manufacturing (AM) opens opportunities to grade porosity levels in a part; however, its productivity may be low due to its batch processing approach. The paper studies the biological responses yielded by hydroxyapatite with β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) ceramic porous bone spacers manufactured by robocasting 2-layer meshes that are rolled in green and sintered. The implants are assessed in vitro and in vivo for their compatibility. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached, proliferated and differentiated on the bone spacers produced. Cells on the spacers presented alkaline phosphatase staining, confirming osteogenic differentiation. They also expressed bone-specific COL1A1, BGAP, BSP, and SPP1 genes. The fold change of these genes ranged between 8 to 16 folds compared to controls. When implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits, they triggered collagen fibre formation and mild fibroblastic proliferation. In conclusion, rolled AM-meshes bone spacers stimulated bone formation in vitro and were biocompatible in vivo. This technology may give the advantage to custom produce spacers at high production rates if industrially upscaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Minguella-Canela
- Centre CIM, Departament d’Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jose Antonio Calero
- AMES PM Tech Center, Camí de Can Ubach, 8. Pol. Ind. “Les Fallulles”, 08620 Sant Vicenç dels Horts, Spain;
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (P.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Berna Kankılıç
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Elif Bilgiç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (P.K.); (E.B.)
| | - M. Antonia De los Santos-López
- Centre CIM, Departament d’Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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