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Elias VV, Lima RB, Lucisano MP, Araujo LDC, Pucinelli CM, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB. Inflammatory response to bioceramic and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers implanted in mice subcutaneous tissue: An in vivo study. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38853352 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the inflammatory tissue response to BioRoot™ RCS (BR) and AH Plus Jet (AHPJ) sealers implanted in mice subcutaneous tissue. It was hypothesized that the inflammatory tissue response to BR would be milder than to AHPJ. An in vivo study was carried out using isogenic mice. The sealers were implanted during standardized surgical procedures. The inflammatory response was evaluated by microscopic analysis and von Kossa reaction in the reactionary tissue around the specimens after 7, 21, and 63 days. For comparisons, a zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (ZOE) was used as a positive control, in addition to a negative control without a sealer (n = 10 per group/period). All statistical analyses considered a significance level of 5%. All endodontic sealers triggered an inflammatory tissue response after 7 days. BR had a higher inflammatory cell count and a thicker fibrous capsule when compared with AHPJ, but both were less inflammatory than ZOE (p < .001). After 21 days, BR continued to trigger an intense inflammatory tissue response, higher in both microscopic parameters compared to AHPJ, and a thicker fibrous capsule than ZOE (p < .001). After 63 days, the inflammatory tissue response decreased in BR, matching the fibrous capsule thickness with AHPJ and ZOE. BR promoted intense calcium precipitation in all study periods. After 63 days, AHPJ and BR sealers were more biocompatible to subcutaneous mice tissue, but AHPJ present better early inflammatory response, as well as BR showed potential bioactivity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The inflammatory tissue response triggered by a bioceramic endodontic sealer (BR) was not milder than that triggered by an epoxy-resin based endodontic sealer (AHPJ) during the first 3 weeks, considering the microscopic analysis of the reactionary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valente Elias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Raman V, Camilleri J. Characterization and Assessment of Physical Properties of 3 Single Syringe Hydraulic Cement-based Sealers. J Endod 2024; 50:381-388. [PMID: 38219956 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the sealer properties and will affect the quality and outcome of root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical properties of 3 hydraulic cement-based sealers, namely BC Universal sealer compared with Totalfill BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic. METHODS The microstructure and composition of the sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy after setting. The crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the leachates were tested using inductively coupled plasma. All testing was performed at 0, 7, and 28 days. The physical properties of film thickness, flow, radiopacity, and solubility were evaluated using ISO 6876:2012 standards. RESULTS All 3 sealers contained calcium, zirconium, and silicon. Totalfill BC had the highest calcium release at 7 and 28 days followed by AH Plus Bioceramic and BC Universal sealer. All 3 sealers adhered to the ISO standard in terms of flow and radiopacity. BC Universal sealer was slightly over the range (>50 μm) for film thickness. All sealers exceeded the solubility range set by ISO 6876:2012. CONCLUSION Although these hydraulic cement sealers had similar components and delivery, the properties varied significantly. The testing of material properties to confirm the suitability for clinical use is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veksina Raman
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Radwanski M, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I, Özcan M, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers compared to conventional resin-based sealer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4124. [PMID: 38374199 PMCID: PMC10876547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium-silicate based sealers and comparing them with a gold standard-an epoxy-based sealant. Two experimental cell lines were used, gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and monocyte/macrophage peripheral blood cell line (SC). The cytotoxicity (XTT assay) and genotoxicity (comet assay) were evaluated both after 24-h and 48-h incubation. Additionally, after 48-h incubation, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression was detected. BioRoot Flow induced a significant decrease in hGF cells viability compared to the negative control groups both after 24-h (p < 0.001) and 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). In group with SC cells, after 24-h incubation significant increase in cells viability was detected for AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS can be considered potentially genotoxic for the hGF cells after 48-h incubation (> 20% DNA damage). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS, may have potential genotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in hGF cells which may irritate periapical tissues, resulting in a delayed healing. The findings of the study would be useful in selection of an appropriate sealant for root canal filling without causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
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Yan Y, Li Y, Chi Y, Ji M, Shen Y, Zou L. A comparative study of biological properties of three root canal sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:11. [PMID: 38129367 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hiflow with other two kinds of root canal sealers on the biological behavior of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the influence on inflammatory cytokines release and its antibacterial effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material extracts of Hiflow, iRoot SP, and AH Plus were prepared. Then, SCAP was incubated with extracts. The effects were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, polymorphonuclears (PMNs) and monocytes were isolated and treated with extracts for 4 h and 24 h respectively. Cell viability was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI double staining flow cytometry. The effects on the release of cytokines were observed by ELISA. The antibacterial effects of different sealers were tested against three kinds of bacteria found in chronic apical periodontitis. RESULTS A series of results of SCAP showed that Hiflow and iRoot SP could promote cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis (p < 0.05). Although Hiflow was associated with greater cell apoptosis and necrosis when incubated with PMNs and monocytes (p < 0.05), it had an approximate release of anti-inflammatory cytokines with iRoot SP, which was higher than AH plus (p < 0.05). The co-culture showed that Hiflow and iRoot SP inhibited the colony formation of F. nucleatum (p < 0.05). However, both sealers had no obvious antibacterial effect on E. faecalis and P. gingivalis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, Hiflow and iRoot SP both had positive biological stimulus on SCAP. Meanwhile, Hiflow showed a better induction on anti-inflammatory cytokines over the others. All the properties mentioned above and its antibacterial effect of F. nucleatum promise Hiflow a bright application prospect in endodontic uses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE References for clinical work to use BC Sealer Hiflow as a good biological root canal sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengzhen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Bae KB, Choi Y, Lee BN, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Hwang YC. A comparison of osteogenic effect of newly manufactured calcium silicate-based sealers in vitro. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:860-867. [PMID: 37914232 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of different calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (CSRS) on osteogenic effect in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). hPDLCs were cultured in a medium containing extract of 5 types of CSRS. The specimens were assessed by the cell cytotoxicity test, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diluted concentrations of extracted solutions had no significant effect on the viability of hPDLCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) among some groups. The protein expressions of BSP, OCN, and RUNX2 were significantly higher in some groups compared to the control group. The CSRS did not interfere with the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, compared to the control group. CSRS are shown to have biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation effect on hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yoorina Choi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
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Rebolledo S, Alcántara-Dufeu R, Luengo Machuca L, Ferrada L, Sánchez-Sanhueza GA. Real-time evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based endodontic cements: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:322-331. [PMID: 36866428 PMCID: PMC10098287 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An ideal filling material should hermetically seal the communication pathways between the canal system and surrounding tissues. Therefore, during the last few years, the development of obturation materials and techniques to create optimal conditions for the proper healing of apical tissues has been a focus of interest. The effects of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) on periodontal ligament cells have been investigated, and promising results have been obtained. To date, there are no reports in the literature that have evaluated the biocompatibility of CSCs using a real-time live cell system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the real-time biocompatibility of CSCs with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). METHODOLOGY hPDLC were cultured with testing media of endodontic cements for 5 days: TotalFill-BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, Tubli-Seal, AH Plus, MTA ProRoot, Biodentine, and TotalFill-BC RRM Fast Set Putty. Cell proliferation, viability, and morphology were quantified using real-time live cell microscopy with the IncuCyte S3 system. Data were analyzed using the one-way repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance multiple comparison test (p < .05). RESULTS Compared to the control group, cell proliferation in the presence of all cements was significantly affected at 24 h (p < .05). ProRoot MTA and Biodentine lead to an increase in cell proliferation; there were no significant differences with the control group at 120 h. In contrast, Tubli-Seal and TotalFill-BC Sealer inhibited cell growth in real-time and significantly increased cell death compared to all groups. hPDLC co-cultured with sealer and repair cements showed a spindle-shaped morphology except with cements Tubli-Seal and TotalFill-BC Sealer where smaller and rounder cells were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The biocompatibility of the endodontic repair cements performed better than the sealer cements, highlighting the cell proliferation of the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in real-time. However, the calcium silicate-based TotalFill-BC Sealer presented a high percentage of cell death throughout the experiment similar to that obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rebolledo
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Alcántara-Dufeu
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Luengo Machuca
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Abrão SMS, Gregorio D, Azevedo MKCD, Mori GG, Poli-Frederico RC, Maia LP. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Bio-C Repair, Endosequence BC Root Repair, MTA Angelus and MTA Repair HP. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:14-20. [PMID: 37194852 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Bio-C Repair (BCR), compared to Endosequence BC Root Repair (ERRM), MTA Angelus (MTA-Ang), and MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP). MC3T3 osteoblastic cells were exposed to extracts of the repairing bioceramic cements. After 1, 3, and 7 days, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by MTT and Micronucleus tests, respectively. Cells not exposed to biomaterials were used as a negative control. Data were compared using ANOVA two-way, followed by the Tukey Test (α=5%). MTA-Ang and MTA-HP showed no difference in relation to control regarding cytotoxicity in any experimental times. BCR and ERRM reduced cell viability after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05); however, the reduction caused by BCR was less than that caused by ERRM. Considering the micronucleus formation, all biomaterials caused an increase after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05), being greater for the BCR and ERRM groups. It can be concluded that BCR is non-cytotoxic in osteoblastic cells, as well as MTA-Ang e MTA Repair HP. BCR and ERRM showed greater genotoxicity than others tested biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Gregorio
- Graduate Program in Dentistry of the University Pitagoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Graziela Garrido Mori
- Graduate Program in Dentistry of the University of Western Sao Paulo (UNOESTE). Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Prado Maia
- Graduate Program in Dentistry of the University Pitagoras Unopar (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry of the University of Western Sao Paulo (UNOESTE). Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monteiro CMC, Martins ACR, Reis A, de Geus JL. Effect of endodontic sealer on postoperative pain: a network meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e5. [PMID: 36875812 PMCID: PMC9982236 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to answer the following focused research question: "Does the type of endodontic sealer affect the postoperative pain in patients who received endodontic treatment?" Different databases and grey literature were surveyed. Only one randomized controlled trial were included. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risk and intensity of postoperative pain. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Out of 11,601 studies, 15 remained for qualitative analyses and 12 for meta-analysis. Seven studies were classified at high risk of bias, and 8 studies raised some concerns. No significant differences between the endodontic materials were observed in the direct comparisons, both in risk and in intensity of postoperative pain (pairwise comparisons with 2 studies: I2 = 0%; p > 0.05 and 8 studies: I2 = 23%; p > 0.05, respectively). The certainty of the evidence was graded as low or moderate. There was no difference in the risk and intensity of postoperative pain after filling with different endodontic sealers. Further systematic reviews should be conducted. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020215314.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Larocca de Geus
- Department of Endodontics, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Tolosa-Monfà A, Veroni A, Blasi-Cabús J, Ballester-Palacios ML, Berástegui-Jimeno E. Cytotoxicity comparison of Bio C Sealer against multiple root canal sealers. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e110-e117. [PMID: 36911158 PMCID: PMC9994654 DOI: 10.4317/jced.59868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer, Bio-C® Sealer, with other calcium silicate-based sealers: BioRoot™ RCS, one silicon-based sealer combined with calcium silicate particles: GuttaFlow® Bioseal, one resin MTA-based root canal sealer: MTA Fillapex®, and an epoxy resin-based sealer: AH Plus®. Material and Methods NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured and sealers extracts were obtained. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTS assay and the optical densities of the solutions were measured with a microplate reader. This study was designed with one sample for each control group and n=10 for each treatment group of the different sealants. The results were classified according to the degree of cell viability and underwent statistical analysis with the ANOVA test (p<0.05). The samples were examined under an inverted microscope to evaluate the effect of each sealer on fibroblast cell morphology. Results Cells incubated with GuttaFlow® Bioseal extract showed the highest cell viability without statistically significant differences with the control group. BioRoot™ RCS and Bio-C® Sealer showed moderate (tending to slight) cytotoxicity and both AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® showed severe cytotoxicity in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® were not significantly different from one another; nor was BioRoot™ RCS from Bio-C® Sealer. Microscope examination found that fibroblasts in contact with GuttaFlow® Bioseal and Bio-C® Sealer presented the most similar aspects to the control group both in terms of number and shape. Conclusions Bio-C® Sealer showed moderate (tending to slight) cytotoxicity compared with the control group, GuttaFlow® Bioseal showed no cytotoxicity, BioRoot™ RCS moderate-slight cytotoxicity and AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® severe cytotoxicity. Key words:Biocompatibility, calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers, cytotoxicity, endodontic sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tolosa-Monfà
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alma Veroni
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Blasi-Cabús
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Guo X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Ren B, Xu HHK, Peng X, Li M, Wang S, Wang H, Wu Y, Weir MD, Zhou X, Lan F, Cheng L. The Preventive Effect of A Magnetic Nanoparticle-Modified Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13137. [PMID: 36361925 PMCID: PMC9655100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent apical periodontitis is a critical challenge for endodontists. Developing root canal filling materials with continuous antibacterial effects and tightly sealed root canals are essential strategies to avoid the failure of root canal therapy and prevent persistent apical periodontitis. We modified the EndoREZ root canal sealer with the antibacterial material dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The mechanical properties of the modified root canal sealer were tested. The biocompatibility of this sealer was verified in vitro and in vivo. Multispecies biofilms were constructed to assess the antibacterial effects of the modified root canal sealer. We applied magnetic fields and examined the extent of root canal sealer penetration in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that EndoREZ sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP had biological safety and apical sealing ability. In addition, the modified sealer could increase the sealer penetration range and exert significant antibacterial effects on multispecies biofilms under an external magnetic field. According to the in vivo study, the apices of the root canals with the sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP showed no significant resorption and exhibited only a slight increase in the periodontal ligament space, with a good inhibitory effect on persistent apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Sheela S, Nassar M, AlGhalban FM, Gorduysus MO. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Potential of an Endodontic Bioceramic Material. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 36191594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interest in bioceramic materials has been steadily growing for different applications in endodontics. With the continued introduction of new bioceramic-based materials into the market, it is of great importance to assess the biocompatibility before providing recommendations on their clinical use. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity and mineralization potential of two consistencies of unset premixed bioceramic material (TotalFill BC RRM putty and TotalFill BC sealer) compared with an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on osteoblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 100% extracts were obtained by weighing 0.1 g of each material in 1 mL of cell culture media. Primary human osteoblast (HOB) cells (n = 4) were treated with different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.50, and 6.25%) of each extract. XTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the biomineralization potential, respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS The cytotoxicity assay after 24 h treatment showed that all materials at high concentrations of the extract (100 and 50%) were toxic to HOB (p < 0.001). On the contrary to TotalFill BC RRM Putty, AH Plus and TotalFill BC sealer were toxic at 25% concentration. However, at 12.5% concentration and lower, all materials were nontoxic. The mineralization potential analyzed after 7 and 14 days showed that TotalFill BC material-treated cells could deposit mineralized nodules in the normal and osteogenic medium unlike AH plus-treated cells. CONCLUSION At low concentrations, TotalFill BC materials showed higher biocompatibility to HOB cells than AH Plus, enhanced the viability of the cells, maintained their typical morphology, and induced the formation of mineralized nodules. Despite the encouraging data, clinical trials are needed to identify the effect of this material on the long-term outcome of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sheela
- Dental Biomaterials and Biomimetics Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma M AlGhalban
- Dental Biomaterials and Biomimetics Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehmet O Gorduysus
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Strategies of Bioceramics, Bioactive Glasses in Endodontics: Future Perspectives of Restorative Dentistry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2530156. [PMID: 35941984 PMCID: PMC9356887 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2530156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevalently, there is a primary strategy to cure caries using restorative materials notably bioceramics. Existing synthetic materials stimulate natural tooth structure with acceptable interfacial bonding and esthetic and biomechanical qualities with better durability. Several bioceramics have been introduced and investigated for their potentialities as restorative materials. Biomineralization of tooth initiates repair and regeneration of natural dental tissue and reinstating the integrity of periodontium. In the evolution of bioceramics in the aspects of different essential composition for dental application, recent technology and modern strategies revolutionize the restorative dentistry. Bioglass is one among the important bioceramics as a restorative material, and by regulating the properties of the material, it is possible to construct improved formulation towards restoration. This article reviews the current revolution of endodontics, existing restorative materials, and technologies to be achieve for engineering materials with the better design.
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Ratih DN, Mulyawati E, Santi RK, Kristanti Y. Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Sealer with the Addition of Chitosan Nanoparticle at Various Concentrations. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35728614 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1746415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of chitosan nanoparticle with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% to the epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealer on its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS This research was divided into two studies, the first study was the addition of chitosan with a concentration of 0% (as control), 10, 20, and 30% to an ERB sealer on its antibacterial effect, and the second study was on its cytotoxicity. An agar diffusion test was employed to determine the antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis. An MTT (3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl}-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to test the cytotoxicity by evaluating cell viability. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05) were used to analyze data obtained from each evaluation with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS The addition of chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 10, 20, and 30% produced a greater inhibition zone of E. faecalis (p < 0.05), however, had less cytotoxicity compared with no addition of chitosan (0%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The addition of chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 10, 20, and 30% to the ERB sealer produced greater antibacterial and less cytotoxicity compared with no addition of chitosan (0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diatri Nari Ratih
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ema Mulyawati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rika Kurnia Santi
- Former Student Specialist, Study Program of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulita Kristanti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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14
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers before and after Setting Procedures. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060847. [PMID: 35743878 PMCID: PMC9227444 DOI: 10.3390/life12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are commonly used for successful endodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of epoxy resin-based sealers under unset and set conditions. Three epoxy resin-based sealers were used: Adseal, AH Plus, and Dia-Proseal. To test cytotoxicity, an agar overlay test and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were performed using unset and set sealers on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The genotoxicity test of the comet assay was performed using the same cell line. Extract dilutions in the culture media were used as test materials for the MTT and comet assays. The comet tail produced by the damaged DNA was calculated by image analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Unset sealers did not show defined decolorized areas. Hardened specimens of resin-based sealers showed circular discolored zones in the agar overlay test. Dia-Proseal was the least cytotoxic after hardening. These results were confirmed in the MTT assay. Cell viability was significantly higher in cells treated with hardened sealers in both groups than that in cells treated with freshly mixed sealers in the MTT assay. Unset AH Plus® and Dia-Proseal™ significantly increased cell viability with decreasing dilution. Adseal™ was the least cytotoxic. Freshly mixed Adseal™ was more genotoxic when freshly mixed than when set. Unset epoxy resin-based sealers were generally more cytotoxic and genotoxic than set materials. Cytotoxicity does not always match the genotoxicity results; therefore, various test tools are required to test toxicity. It is necessary to properly evaluate the toxic effects to establish a biocompatibility test that mimics clinical conditions.
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15
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Özdemir O, Kopac T. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of root canal sealers: A review on recent studies. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221076325. [PMID: 35164598 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221076325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of endodontic root canal sealers have been employed for the purpose of filling voids and irregularities in root canals, as well as reducing/removing bacterial remnants/remains. Sealers are available in various formulations, and research work to find the most appropriate ones is still ongoing. Recently, many kinds of novel root canal sealers have been introduced under various commercial names. However, most sealers are known to exhibit different levels of cytotoxicity on tissues which would result in prolonged wound healing, inflammation, and bone resorption. Preferably, sealers need to have tolerable biological and physico-chemical properties along with biocompatibility. Additives promoting the biocompatibility and bioactivity of sealers are of major concern in clinical applications. The aim of this review was to compare, evaluate, and analyze comparatively the cytotoxic effects, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of recently used root canal sealers. A comprehensive literature search was made to identify their properties involving biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In general, the sealers reported in recent literature exhibited favorable biological features in comparison to conventional ones. They promoted better cell viability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of additives influences favorably the potential negative effects. However, it has been highlighted that there is a lack of well-designed long-term clinical applications, and more in vitro and in vivo research work would be helpful to confirm the sustainability of the sealers for further clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Özdemir
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Turkan Kopac
- Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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16
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Paz JER, Costa PO, Souza AAC, de Oliveira IM, Falcão LF, Falcão CAM, Ferraz MÂAL, Pinto LSS. Bone repair in defects filled with AH Plus sealer and different concentrations of MTA: a study in rat tibiae. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e48. [PMID: 34909412 PMCID: PMC8636085 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects on bone repair of different concentrations of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) added to AH Plus. Materials and Methods Bone tissue reactions were evaluated in 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus) after 7 and 30 days. In the AH + MTA10, AH + MTA20, and AH + MTA30 groups, defects in the tibiae were filled with AH Plus with MTA in proportions of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively; in the MTA-FILL group, MTA Fillapex was used; and in the control group, no sealer was used. The samples were histologically analyzed to assess bone union and maturation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for multiple pairwise comparisons (p ≤ 0.05). Results At the 7-day time point, AH + MTA10 was superior to MTA-FILL with respect to bone union, and AH + MTA20 was superior to MTA-FILL with respect to bone maturity (p < 0.05). At the 30-day time point, both the AH + MTA10 and AH + MTA20 experimental sealers were superior not only to MTA-FILL, but also to AH + MTA30 with respect to both parameters (p < 0.05). The results of the AH + MTA10 and AH + MTA20 groups were superior to those of the control group for both parameters and experimental time points (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest the potential benefit of using a combination of these materials in situations requiring bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Emanuella Rocha Paz
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, São Paulo University, School of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Oliveira Costa
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Uninovafapi University Center, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Monteiro Falcão
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Uninovafapi University Center, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Health Science Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria Ângela Area Leão Ferraz
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Uninovafapi University Center, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Health Science Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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17
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Antimicrobial Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Electrolyzed Superoxidized Solution at Neutral pH on Enterococcus faecalis Growth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6960143. [PMID: 34796235 PMCID: PMC8595027 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6960143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and a novel electrolyzed superoxidized solution at neutral pH, known as OxOral® on Enterococcus faecalis growth in root canals. Methods Sixty human teeth were used, from which root canals were infected and randomly divided into the following treatment groups: saline solution, saline solution plus Ca(OH)2, OxOral®, and OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2. Results A permanent reduction in bacterial growth was observed at days 1, 6, 12, and 18 after OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2 treatment from 4.4 ± 0.074 log10 CFU/mL to 0.0 ± 0.001 log10 CFU/mL. In addition, alkaline conditions maintenance was observed from application time (pH = 12.2 ± 0.033) to 18 d posttreatment (pH = 12.6 ± 0.083). Conclusion The combination of OxOral® and Ca(OH)2 provides an alkaline pH and inhibits E. faecalis growth into the root canals. Our study opens the possibility for further research on the use of OxOral® in endodontic therapy.
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18
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Pereira IR, Carvalho C, Paulo S, Martinho JP, Coelho AS, Paula AB, Marto CM, Carrilho E, Botelho MF, Abrantes AM, Marques Ferreira M. Apical Sealing Ability of Two Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers Using a Radioactive Isotope Method: An In Vitro Apexification Model. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216456. [PMID: 34771981 PMCID: PMC8585189 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of two calcium silicate-based sealers (TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty and White ProRoot MTA) when used as apical plugs in immature teeth through nuclear medicine. Single-rooted extracted teeth (n = 34) had their crowns and root tip sectioned to obtain 14 mm long root segments to simulate an in vitro apexification model. Were created two experimental groups, namely MTA (n = 12) and BC (n = 12), and two control groups, PG (positive group, n = 5) and NG (negative group, n = 5). On the 4th day after placing the respective apical plug, the apical portions of the teeth were submerged in a solution of sodium pertechnetate (99mTcNaO4) for 3 h. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the MTA group and the controls (p < 0.05). The BC group had a significant difference regarding the negative control (p < 0.001) but showed no statistical significance regarding the positive control (p = 0.168). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009) between the BC group (7335.8 ± 2755.5) and the MTA group (4059.1 ± 1231.1), where the last showed less infiltration. Within the limitations of this study, White ProRoot MTA had a significantly better sealing ability than TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Raquel Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.R.P.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.R.P.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (J.P.M.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Siri Paulo
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.R.P.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (J.P.M.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Martinho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.R.P.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (J.P.M.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Coelho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pathology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.R.P.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (J.P.M.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.C.); (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (E.C.); (M.F.B.); (A.M.A.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-484-183
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Mireles-Carlos Á, Aguilera-Galaviz LA, Robles-Martínez M, Villanueva-Sánchez G, Cepeda Argüelles O, Araujo-Espino R, Bermúdez-Jiménez C, Gaitán-Fonseca C. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new endodontic sealant with polymethylsiloxane and Tyzor AA. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1985494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángélica Mireles-Carlos
- Biomedical Sciences, Área Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco Garcia Salinas”, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Luis Alejandro Aguilera-Galaviz
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Área Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco Garcia Salinas”, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Marissa Robles-Martínez
- Institutional Doctorate in Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Cepeda Argüelles
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Área Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco Garcia Salinas”, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Roxana Araujo-Espino
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Área Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco Garcia Salinas”, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Carlos Bermúdez-Jiménez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Área Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco Garcia Salinas”, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - César Gaitán-Fonseca
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Área Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco Garcia Salinas”, Zacatecas, Mexico
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20
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Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, Pecci-Lloret MP, Pecci-Lloret MR, Melo M. Biological interactions between calcium silicate-based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2025-2043. [PMID: 34338339 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, the biological interactions, that is cytocompatibility, cell differentiation and mineralization potential, between calcium silicate-based biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied at an in vitro level, in order to predict their clinical behaviour during endodontic procedures involving direct contact with periodontal tissues, namely root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and regenerative endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the biological interaction of PDLSCs and calcium silicate-based biomaterials. METHODOLOGY The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An advanced database search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO on 1 July 2020 and last updated on 22 April 2021. Studies assessing the biological interactions of PDLSCs with calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) and/or cements (CSCs) at an in vitro level were considered for inclusion. The evaluation of the 'biological interaction' was defined as any assay or test on the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, cell plasticity or differentiation potential, and bioactive properties of PDLSCs cultured in CSC or CSS-conditioned media. Quality (risk of bias) was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies of dental materials. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis. CSCs and CSSs, as a group of endodontic materials, exhibit adequate cytocompatibility and favour the osteo/cementogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of PDLSCs, as evidenced from the in vitro studies included in the present systematic review. DISCUSSION The influence of the compositional differences, inclusion of additives, sample preparation, and varying conditions and manipulations on the biological properties of calcium silicate-based materials remain a subject for future research. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the in vitro nature of the included studies, this work supports the potential use of calcium silicate-based endodontic materials in stem cell therapy and biologically based regenerative endodontic procedures. REGISTRATION OSF Registries; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SQ9UY.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel R Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Performances of Endodontic Sealer. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154248. [PMID: 34361440 PMCID: PMC8347169 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations of current endodontic sealers, especially against resistant bacteria, recent developments in the field of nanotechnology have proved the necessity to reconsider the composition and physico-chemical properties of classical sealers. Nanoparticles with their unique features in terms of small size and high specific surface area, are the best choice for incorporation of antiseptic agents and effective delivery. The aim of our study is to prepare a novel platform for antibacterial drug delivery in dental adhesive systems used in endodontics. For this purpose, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating chlorhexidine (CHX) and colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared and incorporated into commercial sealer and investigated in terms of bonding performance to dentin and effectiveness against E. faecalis, S. aureus and Candida albicans, which are responsible for the majority of the failures in endodontic treatments. In this context, the challenges related to the long-term biological effects of CHX/AgNPs loaded MWCNTs are discussed.
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Mast Cells in Periapical Pathology of Endodontics: Is There a Contribution to Systemic Disease? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.5466/ijoms.20.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pelepenko LE, Saavedra F, Antunes TBM, Bombarda GF, Gomes BPFDA, Zaia AA, Marciano MA. Investigation of a modified hydraulic calcium silicate-based material - Bio-C Pulpo. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e077. [PMID: 34161414 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the physicochemical, biological, and antimicrobial properties of a new hydraulic calcium silicate-based modified material, and compared it with MTA Repair HP and MTA Angelus. The materials were assessed regarding color luminosity (L), color change, radiopacity, setting time, and ISO 6876:2012 linear flow. Volumetric filling and volume change were evaluated using microcomputed-tomography (µCT). Chemical characterization after 28 days in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and pH analysis were also assessed. Biological characterization of cytotoxicity and microbiological assessment were also undertaken. Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Levene and post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction were performed, adopting a 5% significance level (p <0.05). Bio-C Pulpo exhibited the highest L values after 90 days. All tested materials demonstrated color change during the analyses, and had radiopacity above 5 mm Al. MTA Repair HP set faster than Bio-C Pulpo, whereas the latter had the highest linear flow. MTA Repair HP had the highest volumetric filling in µCT analysis. Bio-C Pulpo showed the highest alkalinity during all tested periods, and the highest volumetric loss (above 9%), in comparison with MTA Repair HP and MTA Angelus. Bio-C Pulpo did not form calcium hydroxide after hydration. MTA Repair HP demonstrated the highest cytocompatibility, and Bio-C Pulpo, the highest cytotoxicity. No inhibition halos were observed for any material, and similar higher turbidity values were seen after direct contact. Composition additives used in Bio-C Pulpo modified its properties, and both the absence of calcium hydroxide deposition after hydration, and the related cytotoxicity of this material are of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauter Eston Pelepenko
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Saavedra
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bessa Marconato Antunes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fernanda Bombarda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Augusto Zaia
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Angélica Marciano
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Bapat RA, Parolia A, Chaubal T, Dharamadhikari S, Abdulla AM, Sakkir N, Arora S, Bapat P, Sindi AM, Kesharwani P. Recent update on potential cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and preventive measures of biomaterials used in dentistry. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3244-3283. [PMID: 33949464 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental treatment is provided for a wide variety of oral health problems like dental caries, periodontal diseases, periapical infections, replacement of missing teeth and orthodontic problems. Various biomaterials, like composite resins, amalgam, glass ionomer cement, acrylic resins, metal alloys, impression materials, bone grafts, membranes, local anaesthetics, etc., are used for dental applications. The physical and chemical characteristics of these materials influence the outcome of dental treatment. It also impacts on the biological, allergic and toxic potential of biomaterials. With innovations in science and their positive results, there is also a need for awareness about the biological risks of these biomaterials. The aim of dental treatment is to have effective, yet safe, and long-lasting results for the benefit of patients. For this, it is important to have a thorough understanding of biomaterials and their effects on local and systemic health. Materials used in dentistry undergo a series of analyses before their oral applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and original review that discusses the reasons for and studies on the toxicity of commonly used biomaterials for applications in dentistry. It will help clinicians to formulate a methodical approach for the selection of dental biomaterials, thus providing an awareness for forecasting their risk of toxic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Faculty, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Faculty, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tanay Chaubal
- Faculty, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anshad Mohamed Abdulla
- Faculty, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasil Sakkir
- Registrar Endodontist, Central Security Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suraj Arora
- Faculty, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Prachi Bapat
- Dentist, Modern Dental College, Indore 453112, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amal M Sindi
- Faculty, Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Sponchiado Junior EC, Vieira WDA, Normando AGC, Pereira JV, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Gomes BP, de-Jesus-Soares A. Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers Do Not Reduce the Risk and Intensity of Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Treatment when Compared with Epoxy Resin-Based Sealers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:347-359. [PMID: 33759149 PMCID: PMC8184314 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate whether root canal obturation with calcium silicate-based (CSB) sealers reduces the risk and intensity of endodontic postoperative pain when compared to epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealers. The review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020169255). Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and LILACS until November 2020 and included only randomized clinical trials with adult health participants undergoing root canal treatment. After selection, the JBI Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to summarize the results of pain risk and pain intensity at time intervals of 24 and 48 hours. Finally, the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The search resulted in 1,206 records, of which five studies (n = 421 patients) met the eligibility criteria and presented moderate to low risk of bias. There was no significant difference between groups in the risk of pain in the first 24 hours (relative risk or RR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval or CI: 0.60, 1.16, I 2 =) or 48 hours (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.26, 1.21, I 2 =). Silicate-based sealers led to lower pain intensity only at 48 hours (mean and standard deviation = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.05). All analyses revealed low heterogeneity (I 2 < 25%). The evidence presented moderate level of certainty. Currently available evidence has shown that there is no difference between CSB and ERB sealers in the risk or intensity of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Junior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Costa Normando
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vianna Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Flávio A. Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Angélica Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda P.F.A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Structural, Physical, and In Vitro Biological Performance of Freshly Mixed and Set Endodontic Sealers. Eur Endod J 2021; 6:98-109. [PMID: 33762530 PMCID: PMC8056812 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.36349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro performance of endodontic sealers in their freshly mixed and set forms. Methods: The commercially used endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Dia-ProSeal, GuttaFlow 2, and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer) were investigated and the chemical structure of freshly mixed and set sealers were assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and elemental analysis were assessed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The pH and solubility analysis were performed and the cytotoxicity was done on extracts of freshly mixed and set materials using Alamar blue assay. One way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis was used to do multiple comparison analysis of the mean values and standard deviation results through SPSS version 20 (IBM Software, NY, USA) for pH, solubility, and cytotoxicity analysis. Results: FTIR analysis revealed the structural pattern and the difference in freshly mixed and set samples was observed with the change in intensities of the peaks. The morphological pattern revealed the presence of micro/nano-particles with pores distributed throughout their structure. The sealer with the least solubility was AH Plus (0.10±0.01) followed by Dia-ProSeal (0.77±0.25), GuttaFlow 2 (1.88±0.82) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (3.03±0.18). The solubility of AH plus was significantly lower (P<0.05) in comparison to GuttaFlow 2 and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer. The highest pH (10.09±0.034) in the freshly mixed state and highest cytotoxicity in the freshly mixed (70.08±5.852) and set sealers (83.87±5.409) (P<0.05) at day 7 was observed in Dia-ProSeal. GuttaFlow 2 was the most biocompatible sealer in the set state and AH Plus was the most biocompatible sealer in the freshly mixed state at day 7. Conclusion: Clinically, the sealer is applied in fresh state, whereby this study signifies that which material is more biocompatible in fresh state and provides insight information to clinicians. AH Plus showed least solubility and cytocompatibility in fresh state compared to other groups.
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Pleiotropic Effects of Eugenol: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3165159. [PMID: 33747344 PMCID: PMC7943301 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3165159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phytocompounds and medicinal herbs were used in traditional ancient medicine and are nowadays increasingly screened in both experimental and clinical settings due to their beneficial effects in several major pathologies. Similar to the drug industry, phytotherapy is interested in using nanobased delivery systems to view the identification and characterization of the cellular and molecular therapeutic targets of plant components. Eugenol, the major phenolic constituent of clove essential oil, is a particularly versatile phytochemical with a vast range of therapeutic properties, among which the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic effects have been systematically addressed. In the past decade, with the emerging understanding of the role of mitochondria as critical organelles in the pathophysiology of noncommunicable diseases, research regarding the role of phytochemicals as modulators of bioenergetics and metabolism is on a rise. Here, we present a brief overview of the major pharmacological properties of eugenol, with special emphasis on its applications in dental medicine, and provide preliminary data regarding its effects, alone, and included in polyurethane nanostructures, on mitochondrial bioenergetics, and glycolysis in human HaCaT keratinocytes.
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28
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Primathena I, Nurdin D, Hermawan H, Cahyanto A. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation of a Cost-Effective Endodontic Sealer Based on Tricalcium Silicate-White Portland Cement. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020417. [PMID: 33467680 PMCID: PMC7829748 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is an ideal yet costly endodontic sealer material. Tricalcium silicate-white Portland cement (TS-WPC) seems to have similar characteristics to those of MTA. This work aims to characterize a modified TS-WPC and evaluate its antibacterial properties as a potential endodontic sealer material. The modified TS-WPC was synthesized from a 4:1 mixture of sterilized Indocement TS-WPC and bismuth trioxide using a simple solution method with 99.9% isopropanol. The mixture was stirred until it was homogenous, centrifuged, and dried. The material was then characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy and subjected to antibacterial evaluation against Enterococcus faecalis using a Mueller-Hinton agar inhibition test. The results showed that the material was characterized by main functional groups of hydroxyls, silicate, bismuth trioxide, and tricalcium silicate, like those of a commercial MTA-based sealer, both tested after hydration. Modified TS-WPC before hydration showed similar powder morphology and size to the commercial one, indicating the ease of manipulation. Both materials exhibited antibacterial activity due to calcium dihydroxide's ability to absorb carbon dioxide, which is essential for the anaerobic E. faecalis, with minimum inhibitory effect and bactericidal concentrations of 12,500 ppm and 25,000 ppm, respectively. The modified TS-WPC has the potential to become a cost-effective alternative endodontic sealer material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Primathena
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia; (I.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Denny Nurdin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia; (I.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Hendra Hermawan
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6, Canada;
- Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Institute Human Centred Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Arief Cahyanto
- Oral Biomaterials Study Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Dental Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-22-2504985
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Jamali S, Darvish M, Nasrabadi N, Jafarizadeh S. Evaluation of the Effect of the Intensity and Occurrence of Postoperative Pain of Resin-Based and Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Studies. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Chrószcz M, Barszczewska-Rybarek I. Nanoparticles of Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Derivatives for Application in Dental Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2551. [PMID: 33143324 PMCID: PMC7693368 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA-PEI) derivatives have been synthesized in order to obtain nanoparticles. Due to their antibacterial activity and non-toxicity towards mammalian cells, the QA-PEI nanoparticles have been tested extensively regarding potential applications as biocidal additives in various dental composite materials. Their impact has been examined mostly for dimethacrylate-based restorative materials; however, dental cements, root canal pastes, and orthodontic adhesives have also been tested. Results of those studies showed that the addition of small quantities of QA-PEI nanoparticles, from 0.5 to 2 wt.%, led to efficient and long-lasting antibacterial effects. However, it was also discovered that the intensity of the biocidal activity strongly depended on several chemical factors, including the degree of crosslinking, length of alkyl telomeric chains, degree of N-alkylation, degree of N-methylation, counterion type, and pH. Importantly, the presence of QA-PEI nanoparticles in the studied dental composites did not negatively impact the degree of conversion in the composite matrix, nor its mechanical properties. In this review, we summarized these features and functions in order to present QA-PEI nanoparticles as modern and promising additives for dental materials that can impart unique antibacterial characteristics without deteriorating the products' structures or mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chrószcz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Ferreira I, Laranjo M, Marto CM, Casalta-Lopes J, Serambeque B, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Carrilho E, Botelho MF, Baptista Paula A, Marques Ferreira M. GuttaFlow ® Bioseal Cytotoxicity Assessment: In Vitro Study. Molecules 2020; 25:E4297. [PMID: 32961683 PMCID: PMC7571006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The sealers used for root canal treatment should be biocompatible for the peri-radicular tissues, to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of GuttaFlow® bioseal sealer and to compare them with AH26® epoxy resin. Culture media were conditioned with the GuttaFlow® bioseal and AH26® pellets. MDPC-23 odontoblast cell cultures were treated with conditioned medium and serial dilutions. To evaluate the metabolic activity and cellular viability, the MTT and SRB assays were performed. To determine the production of reactive oxygen species, the DHE and DCF-DA probes were used. Cell cycle and cell-death types were assessed by cytometry, and to evaluate the mineralization capacity, the Alizarin Red S coloration was used. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) when normality was found and Kruskal-Wallis on the opposite case. For the comparison with normality values, the Student t-test was used. Cells exposed to the GuttaFlow® bioseal conditioned medium maintained high metabolic activities, except at higher concentrations. Likewise, viability was maintained, but a significant decrease was observed after exposure to the highest concentration (p < 0.001), associated with cell death by late apoptosis and necrosis. When cell cultures were exposed to AH26®, metabolic activity was highly compromised, resulting in cell death. An imbalance in the production of peroxides and superoxide anion was observed. GuttaFlow® bioseal showed higher biocompatibility than AH26®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.F.); (M.M.F.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.L.); (B.S.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.L.); (B.S.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.L.); (B.S.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 300-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.L.); (B.S.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 300-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Avenida Byssaya Barreto, Blocos de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.F.); (M.M.F.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (J.C.-L.); (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.-R.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, CACC, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dos Santos Costa FM, Fernandes MH, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Genotoxicity of root canal sealers: a literature review. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3347-3362. [PMID: 32767107 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Root canal sealers are widely used worldwide in endodontics to prevent reinfection and growth of surviving microorganisms. Considering the strong correlation between genetic damage and carcinogenesis, evaluation of genotoxicity induced by endodontic sealers is recommended for elucidating the true health risks to patients and professionals. The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of studies involving genotoxicity analysis of endodontic sealers and the used methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was made in PubMed using the following combination of words "genotoxicity," "mutagenicity," "endodontic sealers," and "root canal sealers." A total of 39 articles with genotoxicity studies were selected for the present study. RESULTS Sealers have been ranked in decreasing order of their genotoxicity as: ZOE sealers > GIC sealers > S sealers > ER sealers > MR sealers > Novel sealers > CH sealers > CS sealers. CONCLUSIONS All published data showed some evidence of genotoxicity for most of the commercial root canal sealers; however, contradictory results were found, mainly for AH Plus, the most studied sealer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The information provided would direct the endodontists to use the less genotoxic materials in endodontic treatment in a way to reduce DNA damage promoting oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Miguel Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sanz JL, López-García S, Lozano A, Pecci-Lloret MP, Llena C, Guerrero-Gironés J, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. Microstructural composition, ion release, and bioactive potential of new premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers indicated for warm vertical compaction technique. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1451-1462. [PMID: 32651645 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructural composition, ion release, cytocompatibility, and mineralization potential of Bio-C Sealer ION+ (BCI) and EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCHiF), compared with AH Plus (AHP), in contact with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sealers' ionic composition and release were assessed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. For the biological assays, hPDLCs were isolated from third molars, and sealer extracts were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). An MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and cell morphology and adhesion analysis were performed. Activity-related gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and mineralization potential was assessed using Alizarin Red staining (ARS). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α < 0.05). RESULTS The three sealers exhibited variable levels of silicon, calcium, zirconium, and tungsten release and in their composition. Both BCI and BCHiF groups showed positive results in cytocompatibility assays, unlike AHP. The BCHiF group showed an upregulation of CAP (p < 0.01), CEMP1, ALP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001) compared with the negative control, while the BCI group showed an upregulation of CEMP1 (p < 0.01), CAP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001). Both groups also exhibited a greater mineralization potential than the negative and positive controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The calcium silicate-based sealers considered in the present in vitro study exhibited a high calcium ion release, adequate cytocompatibility, upregulated osteo/cementogenic gene expression, and increased mineralized nodule formation in contact with hPDLCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a biological perspective, BCI and BCHiF could be clinically suitable for root canal filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S López-García
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Exploring Needle-Like Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for Improving Dental Resin Sealers: Design and Evaluation of Antibacterial, Physical and Chemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040789. [PMID: 32252272 PMCID: PMC7240750 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of needle-like zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnO-NN) on the physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of experimental methacrylate-based dental sealers. ZnO-NN was synthesized and characterized. ZnO-NN was added to a co-monomer blend at 20, 30, and 40 wt.%. One group without ZnO-NN was used as a control. The dental resin sealers were evaluated for their flow, film thickness, water sorption, solubility, radiopacity, degree of conversion (DC), dental-sealer interface characterization via micro-Raman, and antibacterial activity. ZnO-NN presented a mean needle diameter of 40 nm and 16 m2/g of surface area. There was no difference among groups containing ZnO-NN regarding their flow. The ZnO-NN addition significantly increased the film thickness. Water sorption and solubility tests showed no difference among groups. The radiopacity increased, and DC decreased with higher concentrations of ZnO-NN. Micro-Raman suggested that ZnO-NN was in close contact with root canal dentin. Overall, the incorporation of ZnO-NN provided an antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis without a significant detrimental impact on the physical and chemical functionality of the material. The use of ZnO-NN as an inorganic filler is a potential application within dental materials intended for root canal treatment.
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Baras BH, Melo MAS, Thumbigere-Math V, Tay FR, Fouad AF, Oates TW, Weir MD, Cheng L, Xu HHK. Novel Bioactive and Therapeutic Root Canal Sealers with Antibacterial and Remineralization Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1096. [PMID: 32121595 PMCID: PMC7084849 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the American Dental Association Survey of Dental Services Rendered (published in 2007), 15 million root canal treatment procedures are performed annually. Endodontic therapy relies mainly on biomechanical preparation, chemical irrigation and intracanal medicaments which play an important role in eliminating bacteria in the root canal. Furthermore, adequate obturation is essential to confine any residual bacteria within the root canal and deprive them of nutrients. However, numerous studies have shown that complete elimination of bacteria is not achieved due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system. There are several conventional antibiotic materials available in the market for endodontic use. However, the majority of these antibiotics and antiseptics provide short-term antibacterial effects, and they impose a risk of developing antibacterial resistance. The root canal is a dynamic environment, and antibacterial and antibiofilm materials with long-term effects and nonspecific mechanisms of action are highly desirable in such environments. In addition, the application of acidic solutions to the root canal wall can alter the dentin structure, resulting in a weaker and more brittle dentin. Root canal sealers with bioactive properties come in direct contact with the dentin wall and can play a positive role in bacterial elimination and strengthening of the root structure. The new generation of nanostructured, bioactive, antibacterial and remineralizing additives into polymeric resin-based root canal sealers are discussed in this review. The effects of these novel bioactive additives on the physical and sealing properties, as well as their biocompatibility, are all important factors that are presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer H. Baras
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.H.B.); (V.T.-M.); (T.W.O.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.H.B.); (V.T.-M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Ashraf F. Fouad
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.H.B.); (V.T.-M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.H.B.); (V.T.-M.); (T.W.O.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (B.H.B.); (V.T.-M.); (T.W.O.)
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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