1
|
Tretjak M, Pralgauskaitė S, Matukas J, Plyushch A, Macutkevič J, Banys J, Karakashov B, Fierro V, Celzard A. Electrical Resistivity and Microwave Properties of Carbon Fiber Felt Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8654. [PMID: 36500156 PMCID: PMC9740666 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present studies on the microwave properties, electrical resistivity, and low-frequency (10 Hz-20 kHz) noise characteristics in the temperature range of 78 K to 380 K of composite materials made from bisphenol A-based epoxy resin and carbon fiber felts. Two types of carbon fibers were used, derived from polyacrylonitrile or regenerated cellulose. We show that these structures are suitable for electromagnetic shielding applications, especially in the direction parallel to the carbon fibers. The low-frequency voltage fluctuations observed in these materials are of the 1/fα, and the noise intensity is proportional to the square of the voltage. The characteristics of the investigated materials show an instability in the temperature range from 307 K to 332 K. This effect is followed by an increase in resistivity and noise intensity, but it does not change the character of the noise, and this instability vanishes after a few repeated heating and cooling cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tretjak
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Pralgauskaitė
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Matukas
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Artyom Plyushch
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jan Macutkevič
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūras Banys
- Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Blagoj Karakashov
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, 88000 Épinal, France
| | - Vanessa Fierro
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, 88000 Épinal, France
| | - Alain Celzard
- French National Centre for Scientific Research, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, 88000 Épinal, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Conducting Interface for Efficient Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes: Towards Nano-Engineered Carbon Composite. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132300. [PMID: 35808136 PMCID: PMC9268312 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) are manufactured nanomaterials with excellent properties and great potential for numerous applications. Recently, research has intensified toward achieving VACNT synthesis on different planar and non-planar substrates of various natures, mainly dependent on the user-defined application. Indeed, VACNT growth has to be adjusted and optimized according to the substrate nature and shape to reach the requirements for the application envisaged. To date, different substrates have been decorated with VACNT, involving the use of diffusion barrier layers (DBLs) that are often insulating, such as SiO2 or Al2O3. These commonly used DBLs limit the conducting and other vital physico-chemical properties of the final nanomaterial composite. One interesting route to improve the contact resistance of VACNT on a substrate surface and the deficient composite properties is the development of semi-/conducting interlayers. The present review summarizes different methods and techniques for the deposition of suitable conducting interfaces and controlled growth of VACNT on diverse flat and 3-D fibrous substrates. Apart from exhibiting a catalytic efficiency, the DBL can generate a conducting and adhesive interface involving performance enhancements in VACNT composites. The abilities of different conducting interlayers are compared for VACNT growth and subsequent composite properties. A conducting interface is also emphasized for the synthesis of VACNT on carbonaceous substrates in order to produce cost-effective and high-performance nano-engineered carbon composites.
Collapse
|
3
|
Eom W, Lee SH, Shin H, Jeong W, Koh KH, Han TH. Microstructure-Controlled Polyacrylonitrile/Graphene Fibers over 1 Gigapascal Strength. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13055-13064. [PMID: 34291918 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the microstructures in fibers, such as crystalline structures and microvoids, is a crucial challenge for the development of mechanically strong graphene fibers (GFs). To date, although GFs graphitized at high temperatures have exhibited high tensile strength, GFs still have limited the ultimate mechanical strength owing to the presence due to the structural defects, including the imperfect alignment of graphitic crystallites and the presence of microsized voids. In this study, we significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of GF by controlling microstructures of fibers. GF was hybridized by incorporating polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in the graphene oxide (GO) dope solution. In addition, we controlled the orientation of the inner structure by applying a tensile force at 800 °C. The results suggest that PAN can act as a binder for graphene sheets and can facilitate the rearrangement of the fiber's microstructure. PAN was directionally carbonized between graphene sheets due to the catalytic effect of graphene. The resulting hybrid GFs successfully displayed a high strength of 1.10 GPa without undergoing graphitization at extremely high temperatures. We believe that controlling the alignment of nanoassembled structure is an efficient strategy for achieving the inherent performance characteristics of graphene at the level of multidimensional structures including films and fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonsik Eom
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwansoo Shin
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Jeong
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Koh
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Han
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karakashov B, Taghite M, Kouitat R, Fierro V, Celzard A. Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Fibrous Carbon Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1796. [PMID: 33916433 PMCID: PMC8038575 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of various commercial fibrous carbon materials to withstand stress and conduct heat has been evaluated through experimental and analytical studies. The combined effects of different micro/macro-structural characteristics were discussed and compared. Large differences in mechanical behavior were observed between the different groups or subgroups of fibrous materials, due to the different types of fibers and the mechanical and/or chemical bonds between them. The application of the Mooney-Rivlin model made it possible to determine the elastic modulus of soft felts, with a few exceptions, which were studied in-depth. The possible use of two different mechanical test methods allowed a comparison of the results in terms of elastic modulus obtained under different deformation regimes. The effective thermal conductivity of the same fibrous materials was also studied and found to be much lower than that of a single carbon fiber due to the high porosity, and varied with the bulk density and the fiber organization involving more or less thermal contact resistances. The thermal conductivity of most materials is highly anisotropic, with higher values in the direction of preferential fiber orientation. Finally, the combination of compression and transient thermal conductivity measurement techniques allowed the heat conduction properties of the commercial fibrous carbons to be investigated experimentally when compressed. It was observed that thermal conductivity is strongly affected under compression, especially perpendicular to the main fiber orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blagoj Karakashov
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-88000 Epinal, France; (B.K.); (V.F.)
| | - M’Barek Taghite
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Richard Kouitat
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Vanessa Fierro
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-88000 Epinal, France; (B.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Alain Celzard
- Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-88000 Epinal, France; (B.K.); (V.F.)
| |
Collapse
|