On the Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Self-Insulation Block Walls

Influence of Recipe Factors on the Structure and Properties of Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete of Increased Strength

At present, the load-bearing enclosing structures of buildings and structures are designed and built considering the increasing requirements for energy efficiency and energy saving of such structures. This is due to the need for a thrifty attitude to the energy consumed and the need to strive for the greening of construction and increase the energy efficiency of buildings and structures. In this regard, one of the most effective and proven building materials is cellular concrete. The purpose of this study was to study the influence of some prescription factors on the structure formation and properties of non-autoclaved aerated concrete with improved characteristics. Standard test methods were used, as well as SEM analysis of the structure of aerated concrete. Non-autoclaved aerated concrete with the replacement of part of the cement with microsilica in an amount from 4% to 16% MS showed higher strength characteristics compared to aerated concrete, where part of the cement was replaced by the addition of granulated blast-furnace slag and a complex additive. The maximum value of compressive strength was recorded for aerated concrete with 16% MS addition. The largest increase in the coefficients of constructive quality was observed in compositions of aerated concrete with the addition of silica fume from 11% to 46% compared with the control composition. The addition of microsilica makes it possible to achieve an improvement in the thermal conductivity characteristics of non-autoclaved aerated concrete (up to 10%). Replacing part of the cement with slag and complex additives does not have a significant effect on thermal conductivity. The obtained dependencies were confirmed by the analysis of the structure formation of the studied aerated concrete at the micro level. An improvement in the microstructure of aerated concrete with the addition of microsilica in comparison with samples of the control composition has been proven.

The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) with Recycled AAC as a Partial Replacement for Sand

The application of AAC has increased considerably in Malaysia since the 1990s. The usage of AAC has some advantages, but it also has negative environmental impacts since rejected concrete will become landfill. This study aimed to use AAC waste powder as a material that would partially replace the sand content to produce a new form of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC). The physical and mechanical properties of the newly developed AAC were investigated. This paper presents improved mechanical and physical properties of the new form of recycled AAC concrete. Besides these improvements, using recycled AAC could lower production costs. Furthermore, the usage of this recycled waste powder is both economically and environmentally advantageous. This study found that when recycled AAC was substituted for sand, AAC with a fine recycled powder content of 30% had a compressive strength that was around 16% higher than conventional AAC and between 29% and 156% higher than any value attained utilizing an industrial waste product. This study also confirmed that the greater strength could be identical to a higher tobermorite phase and that the recycled AAC surface showed a finer crystalline morphology.

Reuse of Sintered Sludge from Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants for the Production of Lightweight Aggregate Building Mortar

In recent years, the sludge produced by municipal sewage treatment plants has become an important recyclable resource for producing green building materials. After the systematic processing of incineration and particle formation, the sintered sludge can be processed into fine lightweight aggregate to produce building mortar with the controlled leaching of heavy metals and radioactivity. In this paper, to increase its economic and environmental benefits, mortar with sintered sludge aggregate was made by cement admixing of fly ash or limestone powder. The water-to-binder ratio was set at three levels—0.82, 0.68, and 0.62—and either flay ash or limestone powder was used to replace equal masses of cement at 10%, 20%, or 30%. Eighteen groups of mortar were studied to evaluate their workability, air content, compressive strength, tensile adhesive strength, dry density, and thermal conductivity. The results indicate that with a proper water-to-binder ratio, and the replacement ratio of fly ash or limestone powder, the mortar can be produced with good workability, consistency, water-retention rate, layering degree, and setting time. The mortar made with sintered sludge lightweight aggregate, designated by the mix-proportion method for conventional lightweight aggregate mortar, did not meet the target strength, although the compressive strength of mortar was no less than 3.0 MPa, which meets the strength grade M2.5. The tensile adhesive strength reached 0.18 MPa. The mortar was super lightweight with a dry density less than 400 kg/m3, and a thermal conductivity within 0.30~0.32 W/(m⋅K). The effects of water-to-binder ratio and replacement ratio of fly ash or limestone powder on the above properties are discussed with test results. The study provides a basis for using sintered sludge lightweight aggregate for building mortar.

Effect of Pore Structure on Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

With the premise of investigating mechanical properties, the thermal conductivity of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a key index of self-insulation block walls for building energy conservation. This study focused on the effect of pore structures on the mechanical performance and thermal conductivity of AAC with the comparison of AAC base materials. Different kinds of AAC and their base materials were prepared and experimentally investigated. While maintaining a consistent mix proportion of the AAC base material, the pore structure of AAC was changed by the dosage of aluminum power/paste, foam stabilizer, and varying the stirring time of aluminum paste. The steam curing systems of AAC and the base material were determined based on SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) tests. With almost the same apparent density, the pore size decreased with the increasing content of foam stabilizer, and the mixing time of aluminum paste and foam stabilizer has a great influence on pore size. The thermal conductivity test and compressive test results indicated that that pore size had an effect on the thermal conductivity, but it had little effect on the compressive strength, and the thermal conductivity of sand aeration AAC was 8.3% higher than that of fly ash aeration AAC; the compressive strength was 10.4% higher, too. With almost the same apparent density, the regression mathematical model indicates that the thermal conductivity of AAC increased gradually with the increase of pore size, but it had little effect on the compressive strength. From the test results of basic mechanical properties, the mechanical model of cubic compressive strength, elastic modulus, axial compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength was obtained. The proposed stress–strain relationship model could well describe the relationship of AAC and the base material at the rising section of the curve.