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Matsumura M, Asaoka S, Yoshida G, Ihara I. Enhanced growth of benthic microalgae by tablet from liquid dairy cattle manure-based anaerobic digestate. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142943. [PMID: 39059643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
An effective strategy for utilizing anaerobic digestates is required to promote biomass power generation. We developed an anaerobic digestate tablet using liquid dairy cattle manure derived from a small mesophilic anaerobic digester installed on a dairy farm. Anaerobic digestate tablets are intended for use in the fertilization of oligotrophic coastal seas to promote primary production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate (1) the dissolution behavior of nutrients from anaerobic digestate tablets and (2) the effect of the application of anaerobic digestate tablets on the growth of benthic microalgae using a culture experiment. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the dissolution behavior of the nutrients. Cumulative amounts of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in the anaerobic digestate tablet ranged from 110 to 28.9 μg g-1 after 28 days. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the anaerobic digestate tablet was mainly ammonium nitrogen and accounted for 92.4-96.9%, which is advantageous for the growth of microalgae. The growth curve of the benthic microalga Nitzchia longissima was monitored using f/2 medium added to the anaerobic digestate tablet. The growth of Nitzchia longissima was two orders of magnitude greater than that of the positive control. The enhanced growth of Nitzchia longissima by the anaerobic digestate tablet was considered a concomitant effect of moderate dissolution of ammonium nitrogen and high affinity for benthic microalgae. In conclusion, the anaerobic digestate tablets prepared in this study have the advantage of supplying nitrogen to benthic microalgae. This study proposes a new method for utilizing anaerobic digestates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Matsumura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asaoka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan; Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Gen Yoshida
- Graduated School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ikko Ihara
- Graduated School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Study of Technological Process of Fermentation of Molasses Vinasse in Biogas Plants. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The volume of ethanol production waste—molasses waste in Ukraine—reaches up to 4 million m3 per year. It is not easy to dispose of and is polluting the environment. Currently, the development of an effective technology for using molasses in biogas plants to obtain energy gas—biogas—is an urgent problem. The purpose of our work is to determine the rational volume of loading molasses bard into the methane tank in a quasi-continuous mode to obtain the maximum volume of biogas. To achieve this goal, the following experimental studies were carried out: mono-fermentation of molasses and combined fermentation of cattle manure and molasses on a laboratory biogas plant in a periodic mode; on the basis of the obtained laboratory studies, a special simulation model of biogas output during the quasi-continuous fermentation of substrates was established and the amount of molasses added to obtain the maximum biogas output was determined. The maximum output of biogas under the periodic system of loading the methane tank when adding 10.5% molasses to cattle manure is 1.462 l/(h kg DOM); when adding 26.1% molasses to cattle manure, it is 3.594 l/(h kg DOM). In order to increase the yield of biogas, it is advisable to add molasses in the amount of 30% of the volume of the substrate to the substrate based on cattle manure, which allows the discounted payback period of the biogas plant to be reduced to 1.2 years.
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Energy Consumption and Quality of Pellets Made of Waste from Corn Grain Drying Process. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14138129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of managing the waste resulting from the corn grain drying process as a biofuel characterized by low energy consumption in the compaction process and to evaluate the quality of the pellets made of this waste. The waste was agglomerated in the form of corn grain (CG), husks (CH), and cobs (CC), and their mixtures were prepared in a 4:1 volume ratio. The results of the analyses showed that CH was the most advantageous material for agglomeration due to the process’s low energy consumption (47.6 Wh·kg−1), while among the prepared mixtures, CC-CH was the most energy-efficient (54.7 Wh·kg−1). Pellets made of the CH-CC mixture were characterized by good quality parameters, with a satisfactory lower heating value (13.09 MJ·kg−1) and low energy consumption in the agglomeration process (55.3 Wh·kg−1). Moreover, data analysis revealed that the obtained pellets had density (1.24 kg∙dm−3) and mechanical durability (89%), which are important in their transport and storage. The findings of this study suggest that the use of waste from the corn grain drying process, in the form of pellets, may allow obtaining granules with different quality.
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Khan MU, Usman M, Ashraf MA, Dutta N, Luo G, Zhang S. A review of recent advancements in pretreatment techniques of lignocellulosic materials for biogas production: Opportunities and Limitations. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Effects of Harvest Maturity on the Chemical and Energetic Properties of Corn Stover Biomass Combustion. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082831. [PMID: 35454524 PMCID: PMC9026744 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in applying biomass as a raw material for producing biofuels used for thermochemical conversions. Extensive use of biomass could lead to controversial competition for arable land, water, and food; therefore, only waste materials and agricultural by-products and residues should be used to produce biofuels. One suitable by-product of agricultural production is crop residue from the harvest of maize for grain (corn stover). The harvest residues of corn stover consist of four fractions, i.e., husks, leaves, cobs, and stalks, which are structurally and morphologically distinct. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected maize cultivars with distinct FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) earliness classifications on the chemical and energetic properties of their corn cob cores. We determined the chemical properties based on elemental analysis, and the energy properties based on the heat of combustion and calorific values. The content of ash and volatile compounds in the corn cobs were also determined. The results indicated that the heat of combustion of fresh and seasoned corn cob cores ranged from 7.62–10.79 MJ/kg and 16.19–16.53 MJ/kg, respectively. The heat of combustion and calorific value of corn cob cores in the fresh state differed significantly and were strongly correlated with maize cultivars with distinct FAO earliness.
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The Influence of the Pressure-Thermal Agglomeration Methods of Corn Bran on Their Selected Physicochemical Properties and Biogas Efficiency. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14216997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The article presents the research made on the effects of methods of pressure-thermal agglomeration of corn bran, as well as the influence of processing parameters on selected physicochemical properties and biogas efficiency. Corn bran moistened to four levels of moisture content was used for the tests: 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% of dry matter. The pressure-thermal treatment was carried out with the use of a Brikol SJ25 pellet maker and a TS-45 single-screw extruder. In the tests of the extrusion-cooking process, three rotational speeds of the extruder screw were applied: 70, 90 and 110 rpm. The following characteristics were examined: efficiency of the extrusion-cooking and pelleting process, as well as the energy consumption. The water absorption index (WAI), the water solubility index (WSI), bulk density, kinetic strength, structure analysis by the ART/FTIR method, energy potential and the efficiency of cumulated biogas and cumulated methane per dry mass, as well as fresh mass and fresh organic matter and a series of microscopic pictures were completed. The analysis of the ATR/FTIR infrared spectra of the tested pelleted and extruded samples showed clear changes at the molecular level. Biogas production of extruded corn bran increased by several percent, as compared to untreated material.
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Combrzyński M, Oniszczuk T, Kupryaniuk K, Wójtowicz A, Mitrus M, Milanowski M, Soja J, Budziak-Wieczorek I, Karcz D, Kamiński D, Kulesza S, Wojtunik-Kulesza K, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Gancarz M, Kowalska I, Ślusarczyk L, Matwijczuk A. Physical Properties, Spectroscopic, Microscopic, X-ray, and Chemometric Analysis of Starch Films Enriched with Selected Functional Additives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102673. [PMID: 34065230 PMCID: PMC8161272 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials are used in the manufacture of packaging and compostable films and various types of medical products. They have demonstrated a large number of potential practical applications in medicine and particularly in the treatment of various cardiac, vascular, and orthopedic conditions in adults as well in children. In our research, the extrusion-cooking technique was applied to prepare thermoplastic starch (TPS), which was then utilized to obtain environmentally friendly starch-based films. Potato starch was the basic raw material exploited. Polyvinyl alcohol and keratin were used as functional additives in amounts from 0.5 to 3%, while 20% of glycerol was harnessed as a plasticizer. The processing of the thermoplastic starch employed a single screw extruder-cooker with an L/D ratio of 16. The film blowing process was carried out using a film-blowing laboratory line with L/D = 36. FTIR Spectroscopy was applied for the assignment of the prominent functional groups. The results showed that the processing efficiency of thermoplastic starch with functional additives varied depending on the level of polyvinyl alcohol and keratin addition. Moreover, the FTIR data correlated with the changes in the physical properties of the tested films. The analysis of FTIR spectra revealed several changes in the intensity of bands originating from stretching vibrations characteristic of the –OH substituent. The changes observed depended on the presence/lack of the hydrogen bonding occurring upon interactions between the starch molecules and the various additives used. In addition, notable changes were observed in bands assigned to glycoside bonds in the starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Combrzyński
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Karol Kupryaniuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Wójtowicz
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Marcin Mitrus
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Marek Milanowski
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Soja
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (T.O.); (A.W.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics (C1), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Daniel Kamiński
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Kulesza
- Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 11, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Karolina Wojtunik-Kulesza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University in Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University in Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.-K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Lidia Ślusarczyk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); (A.M.)
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Wang C, Shao Z, Qiu L, Hao W, Qu Q, Sun G. The solid-state physicochemical properties and biogas production of the anaerobic digestion of corn straw pretreated by microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3575-3584. [PMID: 35424273 PMCID: PMC8693983 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of different temperatures used in microwave pretreatment on enhancing methane production of corn straw was comparatively studied in this paper through the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the pretreated materials and the methane yield during anaerobic digestion. Analytic methods such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were performed to detect the surface chemistry of the pretreated corn straw. The results indicated that microwave pretreatment could effectively disrupt the lignocellulosic structure to release cellulose, hemicellulose, and related derivatives and make them available for the process of anaerobic digestion. The outcome of the methanogenic assay demonstrated that methane production could be significantly improved by 73.08% concerning the variation of the temperatures in microwave pretreatment. This study provides technical support for pretreatment methods of lignocellulose materials and deems that microwave pretreatment boosts methane yield efficiently during the process of anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Western Scientific Observing and Research Station for Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
| | - Zhijiang Shao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Western Scientific Observing and Research Station for Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Western Scientific Observing and Research Station for Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
| | - Wei Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Western Scientific Observing and Research Station for Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
| | - Qiang Qu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Western Scientific Observing and Research Station for Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
| | - Guotao Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Western Scientific Observing and Research Station for Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China
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