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Sharma D, Satapathy BK. Nanostructured Biopolymer-Based Constructs for Cartilage Regeneration: Fabrication Techniques and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400125. [PMID: 38747219 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The essential functions of cartilage, such as shock absorption and resilience, are hindered by its limited regenerative capacity. Although current therapies alleviate symptoms, novel strategies for cartilage regeneration are desperately needed. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) constructs aim to address this challenge by mimicking the intrinsic characteristics of native cartilage using biocompatible materials, with a significant emphasis on both functionality and stability. Through fabrication methods such as 3D printing and electrospinning, researchers are making progress in cartilage regeneration; nevertheless, it is still very difficult to translate these advances into clinical practice. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various fabrication techniques to create stable 3D constructs. Meticulous design and material selection are required to achieve seamless cartilage integration and durability. The review outlines the need to address these challenges and focuses on the latest developments in the production of hybrid 3D constructs based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Furthermore, the review acknowledges the limitations of current research and provides perspectives on potential avenues for effectively regenerating cartilage defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bhabani K Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
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2
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Singh I, Dixit K, Gupta P, George SM, Sinha N, Balani K. 3D-Printed Multifunctional Ag/CeO 2/ZnO Reinforced Hydroxyapatite-Based Scaffolds with Effective Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5210-5223. [PMID: 37955988 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional three-dimensional (3D)-printed hydroxyapatite (HA)-based constructs have limited utility in bone tissue engineering due to their poor mechanical properties, elevated risk of microbial infection, and limited pore interconnectivity. 3D printing of complex multiple components to fabricate fully interconnected scaffolds is a challenging task; here, in this work, we have developed a procedure for fabrication of printable ink for complex systems containing multinanomaterials, i.e., HAACZ (containing 1 wt % Ag, 4 wt % CeO2, and 6 wt % ZnO) with better shear thinning and shape retention properties. Moreover, 3D-printed HAACZ scaffolds showed a modulus of 143.8 GPa, a hardness of 10.8 GPa, a porosity of 59.6%, effective antibacterial properties, and a fully interconnected pore network to be an ideal construct for bone healing. Macropores with an average size of ∼469 and ∼433 μm within the scaffolds of HA and HAACZ and micropores with an average size of ∼0.6 and ∼0.5 μm within the strut of HA and HAACZ were developed. The distribution of fully interconnected micropores was confirmed using computerized tomography, whereas the distribution of micropores within the strut was visualized using Voronoi tessellation. The water contact angle studies revealed the most suitable hydrophilic range of water contact angles of ∼71.7 and ∼76.6° for HA and HAACZ, respectively. HAACZ scaffolds showed comparable apatite formation and cytocompatibility as that of HA. Antibacterial studies revealed effective antibacterial properties for the HAACZ scaffold as compared to HA. There was a decrease in bacterial cell density for HAACZ from 1 × 105 to 1.2 × 103 cells/mm2 against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and from 1.9 × 105 to 5.6 × 103 bacterial cells/mm2 against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Overall, the 3D-printed HAACZ scaffold resulted in mechanical properties, comparable to those of the cancellous bone, interconnected macro- and microporosities, and excellent antibacterial properties, which could be utilized for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeet Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kartikeya Dixit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suchi Mercy George
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kantesh Balani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Stafin K, Śliwa P, Piątkowski M. Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16180. [PMID: 38003368 PMCID: PMC10671727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone is a unique type of bone, and the goal of bone tissue engineering (BTE) is to develop methods to facilitate its regeneration. Currently, an emerging trend involves the fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to enhance an osteoconductive architecture. These scaffolds are further modified with hydroxyapatite (HA), type I collagen (CGI), or chitosan (CS) to impart high osteoinductive potential. In conjunction with cell therapy, these scaffolds may serve as an appealing alternative to bone autografts. This review discusses research gaps in the designing of 3D-printed PCL-based scaffolds from a biomimetic perspective. The article begins with a systematic analysis of biological mineralisation (biomineralisation) and ossification to optimise the scaffold's structural, mechanical, degradation, and surface properties. This scaffold-designing strategy lays the groundwork for developing a research pathway that spans fundamental principles such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fabrication techniques. Ultimately, this paves the way for systematic in vitro and in vivo studies, leading to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stafin
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Śliwa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Marek Piątkowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Zhang H, Wang M, Wu R, Guo J, Sun A, Li Z, Ye R, Xu G, Cheng Y. From materials to clinical use: advances in 3D-printed scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24244-24263. [PMID: 37698006 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis caused by articular cartilage defects is a particularly common orthopedic disease that can involve the entire joint, causing great pain to its sufferers. A global patient population of approximately 250 million people has an increasing demand for new therapies with excellent results, and tissue engineering scaffolds have been proposed as a potential strategy for the repair and reconstruction of cartilage defects. The precise control and high flexibility of 3D printing provide a platform for subversive innovation. In this perspective, cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) scaffolds manufactured using different biomaterials are summarized from the perspective of 3D printing strategies, the bionic structure strategies and special functional designs are classified and discussed, and the advantages and limitations of these CTE scaffold preparation strategies are analyzed in detail. Finally, the application prospect and challenges of 3D printed CTE scaffolds are discussed, providing enlightening insights for their current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Zhang
- School of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanic, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo First Hospital Longshan Hospital Medical and Health Group, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Aihua Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Zhixiang Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Ruqing Ye
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
| | - Yuchuan Cheng
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
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Wen J, Song M, Zeng Y, Dong X. Effect of different HA/β-TCP coated 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds on repairing large bone defects in rabbits. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2023; 31:10225536231222121. [PMID: 38118163 DOI: 10.1177/10225536231222121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of large segmental bone defects is still a major clinical challenge, and bone grafting is the main method. The development of novel bone graft substitutes will help solve this problem. METHODS Porous bioceramics hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds coated with different ratios of HA/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were prepared by 3D printing. The scaffolds were sampled and tested in large segmental bone defect rabbit models. X-ray, micro-computed tomography (CT), hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Van-Gieson staining, and type I collagen staining were performed to find the best scaffolds for large segmental bone defect treatment. RESULTS The average length, diameter, compressive strength, and porosity of the bioceramics scaffolds were 15.05 ± 0.10 mm, 4.98 ± 0.06 mm, 11.11 ± 0.77 MPa, and 54.26 ± 5.38%, respectively. Postoperative lateral radiographs suggested the scaffold group got better bone healing and stability than the blank group. Micro-CT showed new bones grew into the scaffold from the two ends of the fracture along the scaffold and finally achieved bony union. The new bone volume around the scaffolds suggested the 3:7 HA/β-TCP-coated bioceramic scaffolds were more favorable for the healing of large segmental bone defects. The results of HE, Van-Gieson, and type I collagen staining also suggested more new bone formation in 3:7 HA/β-TCP-coated bioceramic scaffolds. CONCLUSION 3:7 HA/β-TCP-coated porous bioceramics scaffolds are more conducive to the repair of large bone defects in rabbits. The results of this study can provide some reference and theoretical support in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Meiling Song
- Department of Orthopedics, JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xieping Dong
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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6
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Tampieri A, Kon E, Sandri M, Campodoni E, Dapporto M, Sprio S. Marine-Inspired Approaches as a Smart Tool to Face Osteochondral Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040212. [PMID: 37103351 PMCID: PMC10145639 DOI: 10.3390/md21040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of osteochondral tissue represents one of the major causes of disability in modern society and it is expected to fuel the demand for new solutions to repair and regenerate the damaged articular joints. In particular, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common complication in articular diseases and a leading cause of chronic disability affecting a steady increasing number of people. The regeneration of osteochondral (OC) defects is one of the most challenging tasks in orthopedics since this anatomical region is composed of different tissues, characterized by antithetic features and functionalities, in tight connection to work together as a joint. The altered structural and mechanical joint environment impairs the natural tissue metabolism, thus making OC regeneration even more challenging. In this scenario, marine-derived ingredients elicit ever-increased interest for biomedical applications as a result of their outstanding mechanical and multiple biologic properties. The review highlights the possibility to exploit such unique features using a combination of bio-inspired synthesis process and 3D manufacturing technologies, relevant to generate compositionally and structurally graded hybrid constructs reproducing the smart architecture and biomechanical functions of natural OC regions.
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Ege D, Hasirci V. Is 3D Printing Promising for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1431-1444. [PMID: 36943415 PMCID: PMC10114088 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue regeneration is quite difficult to achieve due to the complexity of its organization. In the design of these complex multilayer structures, a fabrication method, 3D printing, started to be employed, especially by using extrusion, stereolithography and inkjet printing approaches. In this paper, the designs are discussed including biphasic, triphasic, and gradient structures which aim to mimic the cartilage and the calcified cartilage and the whole osteochondral tissue closely. In the first section of the review paper, 3D printing of hydrogels including gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), alginate, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) are discussed. However, their physical and biological properties need to be augmented, and this generally is achieved by blending the hydrogel with other, more durable, less hydrophilic, polymers. These scaffolds are very suitable to carry growth factors, such as TGF-β1, to further stimulate chondrogenesis. The bone layer is mimicked by printing calcium phosphates (CaPs) or bioactive glasses together with the hydrogels or as a component of another polymer layer. The current research findings indicate that polyester (i.e. polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)) reinforced hydrogels may more successfully mimic the complex structure of osteochondral tissue. Moreover, more recent printing methods such as melt electrowriting (MEW), are being used to integrate polyester fibers to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Additionally, polyester scaffolds that are 3D printed without hydrogels are discussed after the hydrogel-based scaffolds. In this review paper, the relevant studies are analyzed and discussed, and future work is recommended with support of tables of designed scaffolds. The outcome of the survey of the field is that 3D printing has significant potential to contribute to osteochondral tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cd, Kandilli Campus, Kandilli Mah., 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, METU Research Group, BIOMATEN, Cankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Suttiat K, Wattanutchariya W, Manaspon C. Preparation and Characterization of Porous Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) Scaffold with Polydopamine-Assisted Biomineralization for Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7756. [PMID: 36363351 PMCID: PMC9658926 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of scaffolds that simultaneously provide porous architectures and osteogenic properties is the major challenge in tissue engineering. Herein, a scaffold with high porosity and well interconnected networks, namely poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT), was fabricated using the gas foaming/ammonium bicarbonate particulate leaching technique. Mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA)-assisted biomineralization generated by two-step simple soaking in dopamine solution and 10× SBF-like solution was performed to improve the material's osteogenicity. Highly porous scaffolds available in less organized opened cell structures with diameters ranging from 10 µm to 100 µm and 200 µm to 500 µm were successfully prepared. The well interconnected porous architectures were observed through the whole thickness of the scaffold. The even deposition of the organic-inorganic bioactive mineralized layer composed of PDA and nano-scale hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals on the scaffold surface was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The developed scaffold exhibited high total porosity (84.17 ± 1.29%), a lower surface contact angle (θ = 45.7 ± 5.9°), lower material degradation rate (7.63 ± 2.56%), and a high level of material biocompatibility. The MTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining (ARS) confirmed its osteogenic enhancement property toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). These results clarified that the developed porous PLA/PBAT scaffold with PDA-assisted biomineralization exhibited good potential for application as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration and hard tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kullapop Suttiat
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wassanai Wattanutchariya
- Advanced Manufacturing and Management Technology Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chawan Manaspon
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Solechan S, Suprihanto A, Widyanto SA, Triyono J, Fitriyana DF, Siregar JP, Cionita T. Investigating the Effect of PCL Concentrations on the Characterization of PLA Polymeric Blends for Biomaterial Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7396. [PMID: 36295464 PMCID: PMC9609349 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are synthetic polymers that are extensively used in biomedical applications. However, the PLA/PCL blend produced by ball milling, followed by pressure compaction and sintering, has not been extensively explored. The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of the composition of biomaterials derived from PLA and PCL prepared by ball milling, followed by pressure compaction and sintering, on mechanical and physical properties. PCL and PLA with various concentrations were blended utilizing a ball milling machine for 2 h at an 80-rpm rotation speed. The obtained mixture was placed in a stainless steel 304 mold for the compacting process, which uses a pressure of 30 MPa to create a green body. The sintering procedure was carried out on the green body created at 150 °C for 2 h using a digital oven. The obtained PLA/PCL blend was tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, porosity, and three-point bending. Following the interaction between PCL and PLA in the PLA/PCL blend, the FTIR spectra and XRD diffractograms obtained in this work revealed a number of modifications in the functional groups and crystal phase. The 90PLA specimen had the best mechanical properties, with a maximum force and displacement of 51.13 N and 7.21 mm, respectively. The porosity of the PLA/PCL blend decreased with increasing PLA concentration so that the density and flexural properties of the PLA/PCL blend increased. The higher PCL content decreased the stiffness of the PLA molecular chain, consequently reducing its flexural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solechan Solechan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Kampus Kedungmundu, Semarang 50254, Indonesia
| | - Agus Suprihanto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Susilo Adi Widyanto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Joko Triyono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Deni Fajar Fitriyana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Januar Parlaungan Siregar
- Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia
| | - Tezara Cionita
- Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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10
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Zhou Z, Cui J, Wu S, Geng Z, Su J. Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for cartilage/osteochondral repair. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5103-5124. [PMID: 35836802 PMCID: PMC9274741 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with a high disability rate. In addition, OA not only causes great physiological and psychological harm to patients, but also puts great pressure on the social healthcare system. Pathologically, the disintegration of cartilage and the lesions of subchondral bone are related to OA. Currently, tissue engineering, which is expected to overcome the defects of existing treatment methods, had a lot of research in the field of cartilage/osteochondral repair. Silk fibroin (SF), as a natural macromolecular material with good biocompatibility, unique mechanical properties, excellent processability and degradability, holds great potential in the field of tissue engineering. Nowadays, SF had been prepared into various materials to adapt to the demands of cartilage/osteochondral repair. SF-based biomaterials can also be functionally modified to enhance repair performance further. In this review, the preparation methods, types, structures, mechanical properties, and functional modifications of SF-based biomaterials used for cartilage/osteochondral repair are summarized and discussed. We hope that this review will provide a reference for the design and development of SF-based biomaterials in cartilage/osteochondral repair field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shunli Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Zhen Geng, ; Jiacan Su,
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Zhen Geng, ; Jiacan Su,
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11
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Recent strategies of collagen-based biomaterials for cartilage repair: from structure cognition to function endowment. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCollagen, characteristic in biomimetic composition and hierarchical structure, boasts a huge potential in repairing cartilage defect due to its extraordinary bioactivities and regulated physicochemical properties, such as low immunogenicity, biocompatibility and controllable degradation, which promotes the cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Therefore, collagen-based biomaterial has been explored as porous scaffolds or functional coatings in cell-free scaffold and tissue engineering strategy for cartilage repairing. Among those forming technologies, freeze-dry is frequently used with special modifications while 3D-printing and electrospinning serve as the structure-controller in a more precise way. Besides, appropriate cross-linking treatment and incorporation with bioactive substance generally help the collagen-based biomaterials to meet the physicochemical requirement in the defect site and strengthen the repairing performance. Furthermore, comprehensive evaluations on the repair effects of biomaterials are sorted out in terms of in vitro, in vivo and clinical assessments, focusing on the morphology observation, characteristic production and critical gene expression. Finally, the challenge of biomaterial-based therapy for cartilage defect repairing was summarized, which is, the adaption to the highly complex structure and functional difference of cartilage.
Graphical abstract
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12
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Xu J, Ji J, Jiao J, Zheng L, Hong Q, Tang H, Zhang S, Qu X, Yue B. 3D Printing for Bone-Cartilage Interface Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:828921. [PMID: 35237582 PMCID: PMC8882993 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.828921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the vasculature defects and/or the avascular nature of cartilage, as well as the complex gradients for bone-cartilage interface regeneration and the layered zonal architecture, self-repair of cartilage and subchondral bone is challenging. Currently, the primary osteochondral defect treatment strategies, including artificial joint replacement and autologous and allogeneic bone graft, are limited by their ability to simply repair, rather than induce regeneration of tissues. Meanwhile, over the past two decades, three-dimension (3D) printing technology has achieved admirable advancements in bone and cartilage reconstruction, providing a new strategy for restoring joint function. The advantages of 3D printing hybrid materials include rapid and accurate molding, as well as personalized therapy. However, certain challenges also exist. For instance, 3D printing technology for osteochondral reconstruction must simulate the histological structure of cartilage and subchondral bone, thus, it is necessary to determine the optimal bioink concentrations to maintain mechanical strength and cell viability, while also identifying biomaterials with dual bioactivities capable of simultaneously regenerating cartilage. The study showed that the regeneration of bone-cartilage interface is crucial for the repair of osteochondral defect. In this review, we focus on the significant progress and application of 3D printing technology for bone-cartilage interface regeneration, while also expounding the potential prospects for 3D printing technology and highlighting some of the most significant challenges currently facing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Xu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindou Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Juyang Jiao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjun Zheng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Hong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
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13
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Doyle SE, Snow F, Duchi S, O’Connell CD, Onofrillo C, Di Bella C, Pirogova E. 3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12420. [PMID: 34830302 PMCID: PMC8622524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the components of the OC unit and restore its native function. Engineering OC tissue is challenging due to the presence of the three distinct tissue regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide unprecedented control over the internal microstructure of bioscaffolds, the patterning of growth factors and the encapsulation of potentially regenerative cells. These developments are ushering in a new paradigm of 'multiphasic' scaffold designs in which the optimal micro-environment for each tissue region is individually crafted. Although the adoption of these techniques provides new opportunities in OC research, it also introduces challenges, such as creating tissue interfaces, integrating multiple fabrication techniques and co-culturing different cells within the same construct. This review captures the considerations and capabilities in developing 3D printed OC scaffolds, including materials, fabrication techniques, mechanical function, biological components and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Doyle
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.S.)
- ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (S.D.); (C.O.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Finn Snow
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.S.)
| | - Serena Duchi
- ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (S.D.); (C.O.); (C.D.B.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Cathal D. O’Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.S.)
- ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (S.D.); (C.O.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (S.D.); (C.O.); (C.D.B.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (S.D.); (C.O.); (C.D.B.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.S.)
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14
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Zaszczyńska A, Moczulska-Heljak M, Gradys A, Sajkiewicz P. Advances in 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3149. [PMID: 34201163 PMCID: PMC8226963 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds have enormous significance for the possibility of regeneration of complex tissue structures or even whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow fabricating TE scaffolds, having an extremely complex structure, in a repeatable and precise manner. Moreover, they enable the easy application of computer-assisted methods to TE scaffold design. The latest additive manufacturing techniques open up opportunities not otherwise available. This study aimed to summarize the state-of-art field of 3D printing techniques in applications for tissue engineering with a focus on the latest advancements. The following topics are discussed: systematics of the available 3D printing techniques applied for TE scaffold fabrication; overview of 3D printable biomaterials and advancements in 3D-printing-assisted tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Zaszczyńska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maryla Moczulska-Heljak
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gradys
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Wang X, Li Z, Wang C, Bai H, Wang Z, Liu Y, Bao Y, Ren M, Liu H, Wang J. Enlightenment of Growth Plate Regeneration Based on Cartilage Repair Theory: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:654087. [PMID: 34150725 PMCID: PMC8209549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.654087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth plate (GP) is a cartilaginous region situated between the epiphysis and metaphysis at the end of the immature long bone, which is susceptible to mechanical damage because of its vulnerable structure. Due to the limited regeneration ability of the GP, current clinical treatment strategies (e.g., bone bridge resection and fat engraftment) always result in bone bridge formation, which will cause length discrepancy and angular deformity, thus making satisfactory outcomes difficult to achieve. The introduction of cartilage repair theory and cartilage tissue engineering technology may encourage novel therapeutic approaches for GP repair using tissue engineered GPs, including biocompatible scaffolds incorporated with appropriate seed cells and growth factors. In this review, we summarize the physiological structure of GPs, the pathological process, and repair phases of GP injuries, placing greater emphasis on advanced tissue engineering strategies for GP repair. Furthermore, we also propose that three-dimensional printing technology will play a significant role in this field in the future given its advantage of bionic replication of complex structures. We predict that tissue engineering strategies will offer a significant alternative to the management of GP injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yirui Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA 965 Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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16
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Fu M, Wang F, Lin G. Design and research of bone repair scaffold based on two-way fluid-structure interaction. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 204:106055. [PMID: 33784546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porous bone repair scaffolds are an important method of repairing bone defects. Fluid flow in the scaffold plays a vital role in tissue differentiation and permeability and fluid shear stress (FSS) are two important factors. The differentiation of bone tissue depends on the osteogenic differentiation of cells, FSS affects cell proliferation and differentiation, and permeability affects the transportation of nutrients and metabolic waste. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and analyze the FSS on the cell surface and the permeability of the scaffold to obtain better osteogenic performance. METHODS In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze fluid flow in the scaffold. Three structures and nine scaffold unit cell models were designed and the cell models were loaded onto the scaffold surface. Considering cell deformability, the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method was used to evaluate the FSS on the cell surface. RESULTS The simulation results showed that as the pore size of the scaffold increases, its permeability increases and the FSS decreases. The FSS received on the cell surface was much larger than scaffold surface. Moreover the FSS on the cell surface was distributed in steps. CONCLUSIONS The results showed the permeability of all models matches that of human bone tissue. Based on the cell surface FSS as the criterion, it was found that the spherical-560 scaffold exhibited the best osteogenic performance. This provided a strategy to design a better bone repair scaffold from biological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguang Fu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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17
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Recent advances in bioprinting technologies for engineering different cartilage-based tissues. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112005. [PMID: 33812625 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate self-repair and regenerative efficiency of the cartilage tissues has motivated the researchers to devise advanced and effective strategies to resolve this issue. Introduction of bioprinting to tissue engineering has paved the way for fabricating complex biomimetic engineered constructs. In this context, the current review gears off with the discussion of standard and advanced 3D/4D printing technologies and their implications for the repair of different cartilage tissues, namely, articular, meniscal, nasoseptal, auricular, costal, and tracheal cartilage. The review is then directed towards highlighting the current stem cell opportunities. On a concluding note, associated critical issues and prospects for future developments, particularly in this sphere of personalized medicines have been discussed.
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18
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Zhu C, Li T, Mohideen MM, Hu P, Gupta R, Ramakrishna S, Liu Y. Realization of Circular Economy of 3D Printed Plastics: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050744. [PMID: 33673625 PMCID: PMC7957743 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing technology is a versatile technology. The waste of 3D printed plastic products is a matter of concern because of its impact on the circular economy. In this paper, we discuss the current status and problems of 3D printing, different methods of 3D printing, and applications of 3D printing. This paper focuses on the recycling and degradation of different 3D printing materials. The degradation, although it can be done without pollution, has restrictions on the type of material and time. Degradation using ionic liquids can yield pure monomers but is only applicable to esters. The reprocessing recycling methods can re-utilize the excellent properties of 3D printed materials many times but are limited by the number of repetitions of 3D printed materials. Although each has its drawbacks, the great potential of the recycling of 3D printed waste plastics is successfully demonstrated with examples. Various recycling approaches provide the additional possibility of utilizing 3D printing waste to achieve more efficient circular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihan Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Tianya Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Mohamedazeem M. Mohideen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema 797106, India;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11576, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (Y.L.)
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