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Ghaithan HM, Qaid SMH, Alahmed ZA, Bawazir HS, Aldwayyan AS. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Inorganic Pm3m and Pnma CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite: A Theoretical Understanding from Density Functional Theory Calculations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6232. [PMID: 37763509 PMCID: PMC10532767 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the optoelectronic properties of cubic (Pm3m) and orthorhombic (Pnma) CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl). We utilized the full potential linear augmented plane wave method, which is implemented in the WIEN2k code, to facilitate the investigation. Different exchange potentials were used to analyze the optoelectronic behavior using the available density functional theory methods. Our findings revealed that CsPbX3 perovskites display direct band gaps at the R and Г points for cubic (Pm3m) and orthorhombic (Pnma) structures, respectively. Among the exchange potentials, the mBJ-GGA method provided the most accurate results. These outcomes concurred with the experimental results. In both Pm3m and Pnma structures, interesting changes were observed when iodide (I) was replaced with bromine (Br) and then chlorine (Cl). The direct band gap at the R and Г points shifted to higher energy levels. Similarly, when I was replaced with Br and Cl, there was a noticeable decrease in the absorption coefficient, dielectric constants, refractive index, and reflectivity, in addition to a band gap shift to higher energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.H.Q.); (Z.A.A.); (H.S.B.)
| | - Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.H.Q.); (Z.A.A.); (H.S.B.)
| | - Zeyad A. Alahmed
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.H.Q.); (Z.A.A.); (H.S.B.)
| | - Huda S. Bawazir
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.H.Q.); (Z.A.A.); (H.S.B.)
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.H.Q.); (Z.A.A.); (H.S.B.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Qaid SMH, Ghaithan HM, Bawazir HS, Aldwayyan AS. Surface Passivation for Promotes Bi-Excitonic Amplified Spontaneous Emission in CsPb(Br/Cl) 3 Perovskite at Room Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15091978. [PMID: 37177126 PMCID: PMC10181364 DOI: 10.3390/polym15091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite-type lead halides exhibit promising performances in optoelectronic applications, for which lasers are one of the most promising applications. Although the bulk structure has some advantages, perovskite has additional advantages at the nanoscale owing to its high crystallinity given by a lower trap density. Although the nanoscale can produce efficient light emission, its comparatively poor chemical and colloidal stability limits further development of devices based on this material. Nevertheless, bulk perovskites are promising as optical amplifiers. There has been some developmental progress in the study of optical response and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) as a benchmark for perovskite bulk phase laser applications. Therefore, to achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and large optical gains, material development is essential. One of the aspects in which these goals can be achieved is the incorporation of a bulk structure of high-quality crystallization films based on inorganic perovskite, such as cesium lead halide (CsPb(Br/Cl)3), in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer and encapsulation with the optimal thickness of the polymer to achieve complete surface coverage, prevent degradation, surface states, and surface defects, and suppress emission at depth. Sequential evaporation of the perovskite precursors using a single-source thermal evaporation technique (TET) effectively deposited two layers. The PL and ASEs of the bare and modified films with a thickness of 400 nm PMMA were demonstrated. The encapsulation layer maintained the quantum yield of the perovskite layer in the air for more than two years while providing added optical gain compared to the bare film. Under a picosecond pulse laser, the PL wavelength of single excitons and ASE wavelength associated with the stimulated decay of bi-excitons were achieved. The two ASE bands were highly correlated and competed with each other; they were classified as exciton and bi-exciton recombination, respectively. According to the ASE results, bi-exciton emission could be observed in an ultrastable CsPb(Br/Cl)3 film modified by PMMA with a very low excitation energy density of 110 µJ/cm2. Compared with the bare film, the ASE threshold was lowered by approximately 5%. A bi-exciton has a binding energy (26.78 meV) smaller than the binding energy of the exciton (70.20 meV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif M H Qaid
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid M Ghaithan
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda S Bawazir
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Aldwayyan
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gutsev LG, Nations S, Ramachandran BR, Gutsev GL, Wang S, Aldoshin S, Duan Y. Redox Chemistry of the Subphases of α-CsPbI 2Br and β-CsPbI 2Br: Theory Reveals New Potential for Photostability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:276. [PMID: 36678028 PMCID: PMC9862745 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The logic in the design of a halide-mixed APb(I1−xBrx)3 perovskite is quite straightforward: to combine the superior photovoltaic qualities of iodine-based perovskites with the increased stability of bromine-based perovskites. However, even small amounts of Br doped into the iodine-based materials leads to some instability. In the present report, using first-principles computations, we analyzed a wide variety of α-CsPbI2Br and β-CsPbI2Br phases, compared their mixing enthalpies, explored their oxidative properties, and calculated their hole-coupled and hole-free charged Frenkel defect (CFD) formations by considering all possible channels of oxidation. Nanoinclusions of bromine-rich phases in α-CsPbI2Br were shown to destabilize the material by inducing lattice strain, making it more susceptible to oxidation. The uniformly mixed phase of α-CsPbI2Br was shown to be highly susceptible towards a phase transformation into β-CsPbI2Br when halide interstitial or halide vacancy defects were introduced into the lattice. The rotation of PbI4Br2 octahedra in α-CsPbI2Br allows it either to transform into a highly unstable apical β-CsPbI2Br, which may phase-segregate and is susceptible to CFD, or to phase-transform into equatorial β-CsPbI2Br, which is resilient against the deleterious effects of hole oxidation (energies of oxidation >0 eV) and demixing (energy of mixing <0 eV). Thus, the selective preparation of equatorial β-CsPbI2Br offers an opportunity to obtain a mixed perovskite material with enhanced photostability and an intermediate bandgap between its constituent perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavrenty Gennady Gutsev
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Sean Nations
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | | | | | - Shengnian Wang
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Sergei Aldoshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yuhua Duan
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
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Kotov VY, Lunkov IS, Buikin PA, Kottsov SY, Korlyukov AA, Rudenko AY. Unusual isostructural Br/I substitution effect on the crystal structure and optical properties of hybrid halobismuthates. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gradual change of the optical properties of solid solutions by variation of the halogen composition is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Yu. Kotov
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Petr A. Buikin
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Yu. Kottsov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College RAS, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ko UH, Ri JH, Jang JH, Ri CH, Jong UG, Yu CJ. First-principles study on the elastic, electronic and optical properties of all-inorganic halide perovskite solid solutions of CsPb(Br 1-x Cl x ) 3 within the virtual crystal approximation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9755-9762. [PMID: 35424921 PMCID: PMC8961602 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic halide perovskites have drawn significant attention for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and high stabilities. In this work, we report a systematic study on the material properties of all-inorganic bromide and chloride perovskite solid solutions, CsPb(Br1−xClx)3, varying the Cl content x from 0 to 1 with an interval of 0.1 by applying the first-principles method within the virtual crystal approximation. The lattice constants of the cubic phase are shown to follow the linear function of mixing ratio x, verifying that Vegard’s law is satisfied and the pseudopotentials of the virtual atoms are reliable. We calculate the band structures with the HSE06 hybrid functional with and without spin–orbit coupling, yielding band gaps in good agreement with experimental results, and find that the band gap increases along the quadratic function of the Cl content x. With increasing Cl content x, the elastic constants and moduli increase linearly, the effective mass of the electron and hole increase, while mobilities decrease linearly, the static dielectric constant decreases linearly, and exciton binding energy increases quadratically. We calculate the photo-absorption coefficients and reflectivity, predicting the absorption peaks shift to the ultraviolet region from bromide to chloride. We investigate the variation of structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of all-inorganic bromide and chloride perovskite solid solutions of CsPb(Br1−xClx)3 using first-principles calculations within the virtual crystal approximation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Hyok Ko
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University PO Box 76 Pyongyang Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyok Ri
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University PO Box 76 Pyongyang Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyok Jang
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University PO Box 76 Pyongyang Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Chol-Hyok Ri
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University PO Box 76 Pyongyang Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Gi Jong
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University PO Box 76 Pyongyang Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Chol-Jun Yu
- Chair of Computational Materials Design (CMD), Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University PO Box 76 Pyongyang Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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Ghaithan HM, Alahmed ZA, Qaid SMH, Aldwayyan AS. Density Functional Theory Analysis of Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Mixed-Halide Orthorhombic Inorganic Perovskites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30752-30761. [PMID: 34805703 PMCID: PMC8600628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic metal-halide perovskites hold a lot of promise for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. A thorough investigation of their optoelectronic properties is ongoing. In this study, the accurate modified Becke Johnson generalized gradient approximation (mBJ-GGA) method without/with spin orbital coupling (SOC) implemented in the WIEN2k code was used to investigate the effect of mixed I/Br and Br/Cl on the electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic CsPb(I1-x Br x )3 and CsPb(Br1-x Cl x )3 perovskites, while the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) method was used to investigate their structural properties. The calculated band gap (E g) using the mBJ-GGA method was in good agreement with the experimental values reported, and it increased clearly from 1.983 eV for CsPbI3 to 2.420 and 3.325 eV for CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3, respectively. The corrected mBJ + SOC E g value is 1.850 eV for CsPbI3, which increased to 2.480 and 3.130 eV for CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3, respectively. The calculated photoabsorption coefficients show a blue shift in absorption, indicating that these perovskites are suitable for optical and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad. A. Alahmed
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE
Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, P.O. Box 2022, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
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Ezzeldien M, Al-Qaisi S, Alrowaili ZA, Alzaid M, Maskar E, Es-Smairi A, Vu TV, Rai DP. Electronic and optical properties of bulk and surface of CsPbBr 3 inorganic halide perovskite a first principles DFT 1/2 approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20622. [PMID: 34663843 PMCID: PMC8523715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to test the effectiveness of newly developed DFT-1/2 functional in calculating the electronic and optical properties of inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbBr3. Herein, from DFT-1/2 we have obtained the direct band gap of 2.36 eV and 3.82 eV for orthorhombic bulk and 001-surface, respectively. The calculated energy band gap is in qualitative agreement with the experimental findings. The bandgap of ultra-thin film of CsPbBr3 is found to be 3.82 eV, which is more than the expected range 1.23-3.10 eV. However, we have found that the bandgap can be reduced by increasing the surface thickness. Thus, the system under investigation looks promising for optoelectronic and photocatalysis applications, due to the bandgap matching and high optical absorption in UV-Vis (Ultra violet and visible spectrum) range of electro-magnetic(em) radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ezzeldien
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Al-Qaisi
- Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Z A Alrowaili
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alzaid
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Maskar
- Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology Unit, E. N. S. Rabat, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Es-Smairi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matters and Renewables Energies, Hassan II University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, B.P 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Tuan V Vu
- Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - D P Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India.
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First-Principle and Atomistic Modelling in Materials Science. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061469. [PMID: 33802776 PMCID: PMC8002450 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the importance of Computational Materials Science has continuously increased due to the steadily growing availability of computer power [...].
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Qaid SMH, Ghaithan HM, Al-Asbahi BA, Aldwayyan AS. Single-Source Thermal Evaporation Growth and the Tuning Surface Passivation Layer Thickness Effect in Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission Properties of CsPb(Br 0.5Cl 0.5) 3 Perovskite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122953. [PMID: 33322038 PMCID: PMC7764332 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite CsPb(Br0.5Cl0.5)3 thin films were successfully achieved through evaporation of the precursors and deposition sequentially by a single-source thermal evaporation system. The different melting points of the precursors were enabled us to evaporate precursors one by one in one trip. The resulting films through its fabrication were smooth and pinhole-free. Furthermore, this technique enabled complete surface coverage by high-quality perovskite crystallization and more moisture stability oppositely of that produce by solution-processed. Then the perovskite films were encapsulated by evaporated a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer as a specialized surface passivation approach with various thicknesses. The blue emission, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), stable, and low threshold of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of CsPb(Br0.5Cl0.5)3 films in the bulk structure at room temperature were achieved. The effects of the surface-passivation layer and its thickness on the optical response were examined. Detailed analysis of the dependence of ASE properties on the surface passivation layer thickness was performed, and it was determined this achieves performance optimization. The ASE characteristics of bare perovskite thin film were influenced by the incorporation of the PMMA with various thicknesses. The improvement to the surface layer of perovskite thin films compared to that of the bare perovskite thin film was attributed to the combination of thermal evaporation deposition and surface encapsulation. The best results were achieved when using a low PMMA thickness up to 100 nm and reducing the ASE threshold by ~11 μJ/cm2 when compared with free-encapsulation and by ~13 μJ/cm2 when encapsulation occurs at 200 nm or thicker. Compared to the bare CsPb(Br0.5Cl0.5)3, ASE reduced 1.1 times when the PMMA thickness was 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.-A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
- Correspondence: (S.M.H.Q.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.-A.); (A.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.H.Q.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.-A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sana’a University, Sana’a 12544, Yemen
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.A.-A.); (A.S.A.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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