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Loeffler H, Waletzko-Hellwig J, Fischer RJ, Basen M, Frank M, Jonitz-Heincke A, Bader R, Klinder A. Systematic enhancement of microbial decontamination efficiency in bone graft processing by means of high hydrostatic pressure using Escherichia coli as a model organism. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35383. [PMID: 38345152 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
To obtain bone allografts that are safe for transplantation, several processing steps for decellularization and decontamination have to be applied. Currently available processing methods, although well-established, may interfere with the biomechanical properties of the bone. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is known to devitalize tissues effectively while leaving the extracellular matrix intact. However, little is known about the inactivation of the contaminating microorganisms by HHP. This study aims to investigate the ability of high-pressure decontamination and to establish a treatment protocol that is able to successfully inactivate microorganisms with the final goal to sterilize bone specimens. Using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model organism, HHP treatment parameters like temperature and duration, pressurization medium, and the number of treatment cycles were systematically adjusted to maximize the efficiency of inactivating logarithmic and stationary phase bacteria. Towards that we quantified colony-forming units (cfu) after treatment and investigated morphological changes via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Additionally, we tested the decontamination efficiency of HHP in bovine cancellous bone blocks that were contaminated with bacteria. Finally, two further model organisms were evaluated, namely Pseudomonas fluorescens as a Gram-negative microorganism and Micrococcus luteus as a Gram-positive representative. A HHP protocol, using 350 MPa, was able to sterilize a suspension of stationary phase E. coli, leading to a logarithmic reduction factor (log RF) of at least -7.99 (±0.43). The decontamination of bone blocks was less successful, indicating a protective effect of the surrounding tissue. Sterilization of 100% of the samples was achieved when a protocol optimized in terms of treatment temperature, duration, pressurization medium, and number and/or interval of cycles, respectively, was applied to bone blocks artificially contaminated with a suspension containing 104 cfu/mL. Hence, we here successfully established protocols for inactivating Gram-negative model microorganisms by HHP of up to 350 MPa, while pressure levels of 600 MPa were needed to inactivate the Gram-positive model organism. Thus, this study provides a basis for further investigations on different pathogenic bacteria that could enable the use of HHP in the decontamination of bone grafts intended for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Loeffler
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Janine Waletzko-Hellwig
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf-Joerg Fischer
- Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirko Basen
- Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department Maritime Systems, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annett Klinder
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Romischke J, Scherkus A, Saemann M, Krueger S, Bader R, Kragl U, Meyer J. Swelling and Mechanical Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels as Potential Synthetic Cartilage Substitute Materials. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050296. [PMID: 35621594 PMCID: PMC9141488 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have become an increasingly interesting topic in numerous fields of application. In addition to their use as immobilization matrixes in (bio)catalysis, they are widely used in the medical sector, e.g., in drug delivery systems, contact lenses, biosensors, electrodes, and tissue engineering. Cartilage tissue engineering hydrogels from natural origins, such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin, are widely known for their good biocompatibility. However, they often lack stability, reproducibility, and mechanical strength. Synthetic hydrogels, on the other hand, can have the advantage of tunable swelling and mechanical properties, as well as good reproducibility and lower costs. In this study, we investigated the swelling and mechanical properties of synthetic polyelectrolyte hydrogels. The resulting characteristics such as swelling degree, stiffness, stress, as well as stress-relaxation and cyclic loading behavior, were compared to a commercially available biomaterial, the ChondroFiller® liquid, which is already used to treat articular cartilage lesions. Worth mentioning are the observed good reproducibility and high mechanical strength of the synthetic hydrogels. We managed to synthesize hydrogels with a wide range of compressive moduli from 2.5 ± 0.1 to 1708.7 ± 67.7 kPa, which addresses the span of human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Romischke
- Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.R.); (A.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Anton Scherkus
- Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.R.); (A.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Michael Saemann
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (S.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Simone Krueger
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (S.K.); (R.B.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (S.K.); (R.B.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Kragl
- Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.R.); (A.S.); (U.K.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johanna Meyer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Waletzko-Hellwig J, Pohl C, Riese J, Schlosser M, Dau M, Engel N, Springer A, Bader R. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Human Trabecular Bone Regarding Cell Death and Matrix Integrity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:730266. [PMID: 34458245 PMCID: PMC8387795 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.730266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of critical size bone defects is still clinically challenging. Even though the transplantation of autologous bone is used as gold standard, this therapy is accompanied by donor site morbidities as well as tissue limitations. The alternatively used allografts, which are devitalized due to thermal, chemical or physical processing, often lose their matrix integrity and have diminished biomechanical properties. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) may represent a gentle alternative to already existing methods since HHP treated human osteoblasts undergo cell death and HHP treated bone cylinders maintain their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects caused by HHP treatment regarding protein/matrix integrity and type of cell death in trabecular bone cylinders. Therefore, different pressure protocols (250 and 300 MPa for 10, 20 and 30 min) and end point analysis such as quantification of DNA-fragmentation, gene expression, SDS-PAGE, FESEM analysis and histological staining were performed. While both protein and matrix integrity was preserved, molecular biological methods showed an apoptotic differentiation of cell death for lower pressures and shorter applications (250 MPa for 10 and 20 min) and necrotic differentiation for higher pressures and longer applications (300 MPa for 30 min). This study serves as a basis for further investigation as it shows that HHP successfully devitalizes trabecular bone cylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Waletzko-Hellwig
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher Pohl
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janik Riese
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Dau
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadja Engel
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Emmert S, Pantermehl S, Foth A, Waletzko-Hellwig J, Hellwig G, Bader R, Illner S, Grabow N, Bekeschus S, Weltmann KD, Jung O, Boeckmann L. Combining Biocompatible and Biodegradable Scaffolds and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Chronic Wound Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9199. [PMID: 34502107 PMCID: PMC8430875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin regeneration is a quite complex process. Epidermal differentiation alone takes about 30 days and is highly regulated. Wounds, especially chronic wounds, affect 2% to 3% of the elderly population and comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases. The prevailing reasons to develop skin wounds include venous and/or arterial circulatory disorders, diabetes, or constant pressure to the skin (decubitus). The hallmarks of modern wound treatment include debridement of dead tissue, disinfection, wound dressings that keep the wound moist but still allow air exchange, and compression bandages. Despite all these efforts there is still a huge treatment resistance and wounds will not heal. This calls for new and more efficient treatment options in combination with novel biocompatible skin scaffolds. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) is such an innovative addition to the treatment armamentarium. In one CAP application, antimicrobial effects, wound acidification, enhanced microcirculations and cell stimulation can be achieved. It is evident that CAP treatment, in combination with novel bioengineered, biocompatible and biodegradable electrospun scaffolds, has the potential of fostering wound healing by promoting remodeling and epithelialization along such temporarily applied skin replacement scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.P.); (A.F.); (O.J.)
| | - Sven Pantermehl
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.P.); (A.F.); (O.J.)
| | - Aenne Foth
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.P.); (A.F.); (O.J.)
| | - Janine Waletzko-Hellwig
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Georg Hellwig
- Clinic and Policlinic for Orthopedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rainer Bader
- Clinic and Policlinic for Orthopedics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Sabine Illner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (S.I.); (N.G.)
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (S.I.); (N.G.)
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.-D.W.)
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.B.); (K.-D.W.)
| | - Ole Jung
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.P.); (A.F.); (O.J.)
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.P.); (A.F.); (O.J.)
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